Material property requirements for analysis and design of UHTC components in hypersonic applications

Analytical modeling of thermal and mechanical response is a fundamental step in the design process for ultra-high-temperature ceramic components, such as nose tips and wing leading edges for hypersonic applications. The purpose of the analyses is to understand the response of test articles to high-enthalpy flows in ground tests and to predict component performance in particular flight environments. Performing these analyses and evaluating the results require comprehensive and accurate physical, thermal, and mechanical properties. In this paper, we explain the nature of the analyses, highlight the essential material properties that are required and why they are important, and describe the impact of property accuracy and uncertainty on the design process.     

A kinetic study of gaseous alkali capture by kaolin in the fixed bed reactor equipped with an alkali detector

In this study, the interaction between gas phase potassium species and kaolin was investigated in a fixed bed reactor equipped with a surface ionization detector, which is capable of detecting alkali metals in gas phase at ppb level. The effects of mass transport, space time, sorbent temperature and concentration of KCl on the rate of potassium adsorption on kaolin were studied in air. Kaolin, mainly composed of kaolinite—Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄, was found to be very efficient in removing gaseous alkali species from hot flue gases at fluidized bed combustion temperatures. The removal efficiency increased as temperature was decreased or KCl concentration was increased. The capture of potassium by kaolin was irreversible with formation of both water-soluble and water-insoluble products. Kaolin captured KOH almost as effectively as KCl, but K₂SO₄ was captured much less effectively than KCl.     

现代制造初探

现代制造是服务经济时代的制造形态。阐述了现代制造形态、现代制造模式、现代制造组织形态等问题，提出了上海工业企业适应现代制造的要求，实现企业转型的问题。     

SiON/SiO2复合膜层对太阳能电池阵板间电缆的表面改性及其耐空间环境性能

在空间站工作的太阳电池阵板间电缆上下表面为聚酰亚胺薄膜,在低轨运行时会受到原子氧的强烈侵蚀,需要采取措施对其进行保护。采用射频磁控溅射法在电缆表面制备了颗粒尺寸均匀、排列致密的SiO₂膜层。通过表征空间环境试验前后样品发现由于电缆表面的凸起颗粒等缺陷无法完全被SiO₂膜层覆盖,导致原子氧会对缺陷位置产生侵蚀作用。采用全氢聚硅氮烷溶液对板间电缆基底进行表面改性处理,制备的聚硅氧氮烷涂层（SiON）可以有效地覆盖电缆基底表面的凸起颗粒等缺陷,使得其上溅射的SiO₂膜层表面光滑平整。经原子氧暴露试验,SiON/SiO₂层内部没有受到其侵蚀作用,可以防止原子氧对电缆基底的破坏。经多次冷热循环试验,SiON/SiO₂复合膜层仍然具备良好的结构特性与结合性能。     

模拟海洋大气环境下铝合金表面锌黄环氧底漆/丙烯酸聚氨酯面漆涂层体系失效过程研究

目的研究5A06型铝基材所使用的锌黄环氧底漆/丙烯酸聚氨酯面漆涂层体系的失效过程。方法设计"紫外/冷凝3 d+中性盐雾3 d+低温暴露1 d"为一个周期的实验室循环加速试验,采用交流阻抗谱法,结合光泽度、色差值、红外光谱等数据,研究涂层体系性能。结果循环加速试验进行到16周,该过程中面漆的失光率、色差值上升,达到轻微失光等级和轻微变色等级。面漆的表面形貌及涂层的低频阻抗发生明显变化,第12周时在光学显微镜下明显可见微小鼓泡,涂层0.1 Hz阻抗保持在109W·cm~2以上,但此后鼓泡数量增加,部分鼓泡破损,颜填料流出;第14周时,0.1 Hz阻抗下降到108W·cm~2,此后鼓泡数量进一步增加,部分鼓泡处面漆脱落;第16周时,0.1 Hz阻抗下降到约为107W·cm~2。结论丙烯酸聚氨酯面漆树脂基体特征官能团、聚合物链发生断裂,面漆的完整性遭到破坏,这可能与紫外线照射相关。这将加速涂层中腐蚀性介质(如水、氧和侵蚀性氯离子)渗透,促进涂层的失效。     

多终端背景下营造沉浸式的人机界面路径

在借鉴现有界面设计的理论基础上,结合对优秀案例的分析,总结了在多终端的背景下,塑造视觉上一致、简约同时富有特点的品牌界面形象。提出了在众多限制因素下营造沉浸式的人机交互界面的设计路径,通过实现有用易用的功能,运用多通道动态化的交互技术,用＂叙事化＂的手段对界面进行创造性的艺术化＂生产＂,增强用户的参与感、体验感和沉浸感。     

A critical review of ash slagging mechanisms and viscosity measurement for low-rank coal and bio-slags

Gasification or combustion of coal and biomass is the most important form of power generation today. However, the use of coal/biomass at high temperatures has an inherent problem related to the ash generated. The formation of ash leads to a problematic phenomenon called slagging. Slagging is the accumulation of molten ash on the walls of the furnace, gasifier, or boiler and is detrimental as it reduces the heat transfer rate, and the combustion/gasification rate of unburnt carbon, causes mechanical failure, high-temperature corrosion and on occasions, superheater explosions. To improve the gasifier/combustor facility, it is very important to understand the key ash properties, slag characteristics, viscosity and critical viscosity temperature. This paper reviews the content, compositions, and melting characteristics of ashes in differently ranked coal and biomass, and discusses the formation mechanism, characteristics, and structure of slag. In particular, this paper focuses on low-rank coal and biomass that have been receiving increased attention recently. Besides, it reviews the available methodologies and formulae for slag viscosity measurement/prediction and summarizes the current limitations and potential applications. Moreover, it discusses the slagging behavior of different ranks of coal and biomass by examining the applicability of the current viscosity measurement methods to these fuels, and the viscosity prediction models and factors that affect the slag viscosity. This review shows that the existing viscosity models and slagging indices can only satisfactorily predict the viscosity and slagging propensity of high-rank coals but cannot predict the slagging propensity and slag viscosity of low-rank coal, and especially biomass ashes, even if they are limited to a particular composition only. Thus, there is a critical need for the development of an index, or a model or even a measurement method, which can predict/measure the slagging propensity and slag viscosity correctly for all low-rank coal and biomass ashes.     

72.5kV气体绝缘开关设备的抗震计算分析

建立了某型户内72.5 kV气体绝缘开关设备(gas insulated switchgear,GIS)的有限元模型,并根据GB/T 13540—2009采用响应频谱法对其进行了抗地震分析,给出了正常运行工况和地震载荷组合工况下的计算结果。结果表明:该电气设备满足烈度为9度的抗震性能要求,文中所确定的分析方法和步骤也适用于其他类型的高压设备的抗震分析。     

Research on formability of 5052 aluminum alloy sheet in a quasi-static–dynamic tensile process

In order to establish the efficacy of electromagnetically assisted sheet metal stamping (EMAS), the formability of 5052 aluminum alloy sheet in a quasi-static–dynamic tensile process is experimentally investigated using a combined quasi-static tension and the pulsed electromagnetic forming (EMF) method. Data on the formability of aluminum alloy 5052-O employing this combined loading method is compared with data for traditional quasi-static tensile tests. Results show that the formability of aluminum alloy sheet undergoing a quasi-static–dynamic tensile process is dramatically increased beyond that exhibited in quasi-static tensile tests, and a little higher than or at least similar with that obtained in the fully dynamic EMF process. The forming limits of aluminum samples with both low and high pre-strain levels are almost similar in quasi-static–dynamic tensile process, which makes it possible stretching the sheet to a higher quasi-static pre-strain level without weakening its total quasi-static–dynamic formability. This would enable the use of a quasi-static pre-form fairly close to the quasi-static material limits for design of an EMAS process in manufacturing large aluminum alloy shell parts.     

Low-temperature catalytic oxidation of chlorobenzene over MnOX/TiO2–CNTs nano-composites prepared by wet synthesis methods

Catalytic oxidation of chlorobenzene (CB) was studied over MnO_X/TiO₂–CNTs (carbon nanotube) nano-composites prepared by the solvothermal and sol–gel methods. Microstructures and redox properties of these composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and temperature-programmed reduction. The catalytic activity for CB oxidation was promoted with the introduction of CNTs into MnO_X/TiO₂, and CB oxidation efficiencies of 90% and almost 100% could be obtained at 150 °C and 300 °C, respectively, under a gas hour space velocity of 36,000 h^− 1.The high catalytic performance could be attributed to the good dispersion of active component and the selective adsorption of CB by CNTs.