A fundamental study on the control of the HCCI combustion and emissions by fuel design concept combined with controllable EGR. Part 1. The basic characteristics of HCCI combustion

This article investigates the basic combustion parameters including start of the ignition timing, burn duration, cycle-to-cycle variation, and carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbon (UHC), and nitric oxide (NO_x) emissions of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines fueled with primary reference fuels (PRFs) and their mixtures. Two primary reference fuels, n-heptane and iso-octane, and their blends with RON25, RON50, RON75, and RON90 were evaluated. The experimental results show that, in the first-stage combustion, the start of ignition retards, the maximum heat release rate decreases, and the pressure rising and the temperature rising during the first-stage combustion decrease with the increase of the research octane number (RON). Furthermore, the cumulative heat release in the first-stage combustion is strongly dependent on the concentration of n-heptane in the mixture. The start of ignition of the second-stage combustion is linear with the start of ignition of the first-stage. The combustion duration of the second-stage combustion decreases with the increase of the equivalence ration and the decrease of the octane number. The cycle-to-cycle variation improved with the decrease of the octane number.     

Users’ interest grouping from online reviews based on topic frequency and order

Large volume of online review data can reveal consumers’ major interests on domain product, which attracts great research interests from the academic community. Most of the existing works focus on the problems of review summarization, aspect identification or opinion mining from an item’s point of view such as the quality or popularity of products. Considering the fact that users who generate those review texts draw different attentions to product aspects with respect to their own interests, in this article, we aim to learn K users’ interest groups indicated by their review writings. Such K interest groups’ identification can facilitate better understanding of major and potential consumers’ concerns which are crucial for applications like product improvement on customer-oriented design or diverse marketing strategies. Instead of using a traditional text clustering approach, we treat the groupId/clusterId as a hidden variable and use a permutation-based structural topic model called KMM. Through this model, we infer K interest groups’ distribution by discovering not only the frequency of product aspects (Topic Frequency), but also the occurrence priority of respective aspects (Topic Order). They jointly present an informative summarization on the raw review corpus. Our experiment on several real-world review datasets demonstrates a competitive solution.     

Transformation of hardening to softening behaviors induced by Sb substitution in CuO-doped KNN-based piezoceramics

Pb-free piezoceramics of K_0.5Na_0.5Nb_1-xSb_xO₃ + 1 mol% CuO are synthesized via a solid-state reaction. Furthermore, the transformation of hardening to softening behaviors induced by Sb substitution is exhibited and the corresponding microscopic mechanism is proposed. The CuO-doped K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃ ceramic without adding Sb exhibits extremely hardening characteristics (i.e., ultrahigh Q_m of ∼2426, low tanδ of 0.32%, and pinched ferroelectric hysteresis loop) due to the formation of defect combinations (${({\text{Cu}}_{\text{Nb}}^{\text{'''}}-{\text{V}}_{\text{o}}^{••})}^{\text{'}}$ and ${({\text{V}}_{\text{o}}^{••}-{\text{Cu}}_{\text{Nb}}^{\text{'''}}-{\text{V}}_{\text{o}}^{••})}^{•}$). Whereas, the addition of Sb dramatically reduces the levels of defect combinations, leading to obviously softening properties (d₃₃ > 210 pC N⁻¹, k_p > 40%, low Q_m, and normal single P-E hysteresis loop). Our results indicate that the decrease of defect combinations with Sb addition should be responsible for the hardening-softening transformation of piezoelectricity and ferroelectricity in CuO-doped K_0.5Na_0.5Nb_1-xSb_xO₃ piezoceramics.     

混合遗传算法求解应急抢修点选址问题

考虑设备应急抢修的时限要求和整个应急抢修系统的服务质量要求,采用0-1整数规划模型描述了应急抢修点选址问题,并针对该问题设计了一种混合遗传算法。在算法中使用启发式算法对种群中的不可行解进行修复,以保持种群在可行域内搜索,并采用近邻搜索算法改善种群中的最佳个体。算例计算的结果表明,该算法求得的结果要优于基于罚函数的遗传算法和采用简单修复算法的遗传算法。     

Preparation and characterization of a series of polyamides with long alkylene segments: Nylons 12 20, 10 20,s 20,6 20, 4 20 and 2 20

Summary A series of nylons with long alkylene segments between amide groups were newly prepared by step-heating melt-polycondensation of 1,lS-octadecanedicarboxylic acid with various diamines. The prepared polyamides were characterized carefully. The results show that many properties of the prepared nylons change regularly with the length of methylene segments in diamines. In addition, nylon 2 20 has a relatively low molecular weight and much different melting and thermal decomposition behaviors in comparison with other nylons. Received: 21 June 2OO2/Revised version: 18 September 2002/ Accepted: 18 September 2002 Correspondence to Deyue Yan E-mail: dyyan@mail.sjtu.edu.cn Tel: 0086-21-54742863 Fax: 0086-21-54741297     

Properties of lightweight expanded polystyrene concrete reinforced with steel fiber

Expanded polystyrene (EPS) concrete is a lightweight, low strength material with good energy-absorbing characteristics. However, due to the light weight of EPS beads and their hydrophobic surface, EPS concrete is prone to segregation during casting, which results in poor workability and lower strength. In this study, a premix method similar to the ‘sand-wrapping’ technique was utilized to make EPS concrete. Its mechanical properties were investigated as well. The research showed that EPS concrete with a density of 800-1800 kg/m³ and a compressive strength of 10-25 MPa can be made by partially replacing coarse and fine aggregate by EPS beads. Fine silica fume greatly improved the bond between the EPS beads and cement paste and increased the compressive strength of EPS concrete. In addition, adding steel fiber significantly improved the drying shrinkage.     

Modeling bond strength of corroded reinforcement without stirrups

Deterioration of bond strength between concrete and reinforcement is of great importance in studying the strength of structural members with corroded reinforcements. A simple analytical model is proposed to demonstrate the effect of corrosion of reinforcing bar on reduction of bond strength. The corrosion pressure due to expansive action of corrosion products before and after corrosion cracking is firstly estimated. Then, reduction of bar confinement caused by cover cracking, change of friction coefficient between the steel and the concrete, and reduction of the friction force on the bearing face as well as deterioration of the ribs of the deformed bars due to steel corrosion are considered in calculating the mechanical interactions between reinforcing bar and concrete. As a result, the bond strength of corroded bars is calculated. The theoretical results are compared with the experimental results and agree with those results well.     

基于图像噪声分析的计算机生成图像检测算法

计算机生成图像与自然图像在物理生成机理上的差异性导致其在噪声分布上具有明显的区别,据此提出一种基于图像噪声分析的计算机生成图像检测新方法。首先,用小波隐马尔可夫(MMT)模型对图像噪声进行预处理;接着,基于最大似然估计方法估测图像参考模式噪声;最后,在提取图像模式噪声统计距及其与参考模式噪声相关差值基础上,利用支持向量机(SVM)分类器进行鉴别。实验结果显示,较已有的典型算法,该算法具有更好的检测率。     

韧性断裂准则在板料成形中应用研究进展

对板料成形中的成形极限应力图、最大变薄率、成形极限图以及韧性断裂准则等预测成形极限的方法进行了综述和分析,提出了利用韧性断裂准则能够较好地预测塑性差的板料成形极限,而且还能考虑应变路径的变化.利用有限元方法模拟时,韧性断裂准则既可以运用到完全耦合的弹塑性损伤模型的增量方法中,也可以运用到一步有限元逆算法中.指出了为准确地预测成形极限,除了提高有限元模拟精度外,应找到一种本质地反映材料性能的准则.