非晶复合材料制备与性能

总结了近年来本课题组在外加强化相非晶复合材料制备方面取得的主要研究结果。通过制备过程凝固控制获得了性能优异的非晶复合材料,其中金属W／Zr基非晶合金双连续相复合材料压缩强度达到3450MPa,压缩应变为48％;金属Ti／Mg基非晶合金双连续相复合材料压缩强度达到1750MPa,塑性应变为30％;8％Nb颗粒／Mg基非晶复合材料压缩强度达到900MPa,塑性应变为12．1％;6％SiC颗粒／Zr基非晶复合材料压缩强度达到2230MPa,塑性应变为3％。     

Thermal conductivity of electron-doped CaMnO3 perovskites: Local lattice distortions and optical phonon thermal excitation

The thermal transport properties of a series of electron-doped CaMnO₃ perovskites have been investigated. Throughout the temperature range 5–300 K, phonon thermal conductivity is dominant, and both electron and spin wave contributions are negligible. The short phonon mean free paths in this system result in the relatively low thermal conductivities. The strong phonon scatterings stem from the A-site mismatch and bond-length fluctuations induced by local distortions of MnO₆ octahedra. The thermal conductivity in the magnetically ordered state is enhanced as a result of the decrease in spin–phonon scattering. The results also indicate that above the magnetic ordering temperature, observable thermal excitation of optical phonons occurs. The contribution of optical phonons to thermal conductivity becomes non-negligible and is proposed to play an important role in the glass-like thermal transport behavior (i.e. positive temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity) in the paramagnetic state. These features can be understood in terms of an expression of thermal conductivity that includes both acoustic and optical phonon terms.     

发动机压气机转子叶片裂纹分析

对发动机压气机转子叶片试验件裂纹进行失效分析。通过对故障叶片进行外观检查、断口分析、表面形貌检查、截面金相检查、材质分析及断口区域成分分析,并对叶片振动应力分布进行计算,确定叶片裂纹性质和产生原因。结果表明:故障压气机转子叶片裂纹为高周疲劳性质,导致叶片过早出现疲劳裂纹的主要原因是叶身表面振动应力最大区域抛光、喷丸效果差,存在原始机械加工痕迹;最后提出避免叶身表面残留原始机械加工痕迹的改进建议。     

发动机风扇转子叶片叶身裂纹分析

发动机风扇转子叶片叶身中部区域过早产生一条裂纹。通过对故障叶片进行外观检查、断口分析、表面检查、材质分析等试验手段,确定了故障叶片裂纹性质及开裂机理。结果表明:故障风扇转子叶片裂纹为起源于叶身中部叶背侧亚表面的高周疲劳裂纹;裂纹疲劳源区附近基体组织不均匀,且存在较多的长条状初生α相,降低了叶片的疲劳性能,是导致该叶片叶身中部过早开裂的主要影响因素。改进措施为控制锻造温度并保证毛坯变形量,避免长条状初生α相的形成。     

氯丁胶粘剂的现状与发展趋势

氯丁橡胶型胶粘剂开发最早、性能最优、用途最广、产量最大,分为溶剂型、水乳型和无溶剂型3类,目前仍是溶剂型居主导地位。然而因含有毒、易燃爆的有机溶剂,不利于健康和环保,必须实现环境友好,才能有望再铸辉煌。     

Size effects on charge ordering and magnetic properties in La0.25Ca0.75MnO3

The size effects on the charge ordering (CO) and magnetic properties in La_0.25Ca_0.75MnO₃ with mean particle size ranging from 40 to 2000 nm were studied. With decreasing particle size the CO transition temperature shifts to lower temperature and the transition width becomes increasingly wide, indicating the weakening of the CO state. Meanwhile the ferromagnetic (FM) cluster glass state appears and the magnetization at low temperature increases significantly. The behaviour is due to the increasing uncompensated surface spins which weaken the antiferromagnetic interaction and disfavour the formation of the CO state. The suppression of the CO state and appearance of the FM cluster glass state are also found in La_0.25Ca_0.75MnO₃ nanowires fabricated by a sol–gel template method. These results indicate that the CO state can be modulated effectively by varying particle size, which has an important implication for nano-device applications of manganites.     

Experimental Study on Photocatalytic Activity of Cu2O/Cu Nanocomposites Under Visible Light

Cu₂O/Cu nanocomposites (NCs) are synthesized using a two-step hydrothermal method, their different phase compositions are obtained by adjusting the reaction time, and then, they are used as photocatalysts to degrade dye Procion Red MX-5B (PR), methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) under visible-light. Experimental results indicate Cu₂O/Cu NCs exhibit a much higher photocatalytic activity than pure Cu₂O, they remain almost unchanged in their phase compositions in the long photocatalytic reaction process, except for partial oxidation of particle surface. They still exhibit a high photocatalytic activity even at the end of four photocatalytic reaction cycles. It can therefore be concluded that Cu₂O/Cu nanocomposites are good candidates for processing of pollutant water.     

SBS型胶黏剂与性能改善

SBS型胶黏剂是20世纪60年代末发展起来的一种新型胶黏剂,目前仍以溶剂型居主导地位,它以高固含量、低黏度、初黏好、易制造、卓越的环保性能和节能减排优势获得了快速蓬勃发展。但因结构的非极性并含有不饱和键,故对极性材料粘接性弱而且其耐老化性差,若不有效改性提高性能,很可能逐渐淡出市场。     

Progress of electroless amorphous and nano alloy deposition: a review – Part 2

The second part of this review of developments over the life span of electroless plating continues with the period of rapid development (1980–99), describing the upsurge of large scale application, research into ternary and multi-component alloys and composites, the rapid development in China – now the world’s biggest consumer of electroless Ni – and the development of electroless deposition of Fe–B based alloys. Since the new millennium began many fundamental mechanistic studies have been conducted and the development of nano-electroless plating has occurred.     

桥面铺面防水粘结层胶结材料洒布量的确定方法

为确定桥面铺面防水粘结层胶结材料洒布量,采用橡胶沥青和两种典型的沥青混合料,通过设计直向剪切试验和斜向剪切试验研究桥面防水粘结层的力学性能,分析不同因素对于防水粘结层剪切性能的影响．试验结果表明,加载速率的提高,粘结层最大剪切应力有呈线性增大的趋势;采用不同温度的对比试验,同样发现随温度的升高,其抗剪切能力显著衰减．可以通过剪切试验的剪应力和变形能两个指标评价其剪切性能．