氨吸收制冷装置运行总结

简述了氨吸收制冷工艺原理,分析了系统运行中出现磨损、泄漏、腐蚀和结垢问题的原因,认为设计问题是磨损和泄漏的原因,铵根离子、溶解氧、钙离子、粘泥、氯离子和硫酸根离子是造成腐蚀和结垢的原因。通过更改叶轮尺寸、密封形式、循环水流程,装置改造后运行稳定,具有节能、环保、易操作、节省投资的特点。     

聚酰亚胺基复合材料在电池电极中的研究进展

聚酰亚胺(Polyimide,PI)是一种以二酐和二胺为原料,热亚胺化后合成的聚合物。PI作为电池电极材料,具有理论容量高、机械强度大和易于回收的优点,但是它的绝缘性限制了内部活性位点的利用率,导致电池的倍率性能较差。本文综述了通过构建共轭结构来提高结构稳定性和引入羰基结构增加PI氧化还原中心(C=O)位点,以获得更高电池容量的研究策略,介绍了碳化PI和与石墨烯、碳纳米管的杂化以及使用静电纺丝工艺对PI作为电池电极的电化学性能的改进,对基于PI的其他复合材料的研究进行了总结,并对目前PI的研究方向进行了展望。     

Preparation of calcium sulfate dihydrate and calcium sulfate hemihydrate with controllable crystal morphology by using ethanol additive

Calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH) with controlled crystal morphology has attracted broad interests due to its superior physical and chemical properties, as well as excellent biological performance. In this study, calcium sulfate dehydrate (CSD) was firstly synthesized via the reaction of H₂SO₄ and Ca(OH)₂ using ethanol as morphology modifier. The prepared CSD was then converted to CSH through a hydrothermal method. It was found that the precipitation time of CSD powders was dramatically shortened and the morphology of CSD crystals was changed from thick tabular to short-rod with the increment in ethanol addition. The finally-obtained CSH crystals were found to have hexagonal prisms shape with smaller aspect ratios. The CSH powder with the desired crystal morphology would provide improved setting behavior and biological performance of the CSH bone cement.     

Application of strontium doped calcium polyphosphate bioceramic as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

The critical success factors for bone tissue engineering in clinical applications are scaffolds. Ion doping is one of the most important methods to modify the properties of bioceramics for better angiogenesis abilities, biomechanical properties, and biocompatibility. This paper presents a novel ion doping method applied in calcium polyphosphate (CPP)-based bioceramic scaffolds substituted by strontium ions to form (SCPP) scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration. The microstructure and crystallization of the scaffolds were detected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Degradation tests were assessed to evaluate the mechanical and chemical stabilities of SCPP in vitro. The cell biocompatibility was measured with respect to the cytotoxicity of the extractions of scaffolds. Bone implantation was performed to evaluate the biodegradability and osteoconductivity of the scaffolds, and the bone formation examined by using X-ray radiography. The results indicated that the obtained SCPP scaffolds had a single CPP phase. The SCPP scaffolds yielded a better degradation property than the pure CPP scaffold. The MTT assay and in vivo results reveal that the SCPP scaffolds exhibited a better cell biocompatibility and tissue biocompatibility than CPP and hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds. The in vivo immunohistochemistry staining for VEGF also showed that SCPP had a potential to promote the formation of angiogenesis and the regeneration of bone. SCPP scaffold could serve as a potential biomaterial with stimulating angiogenesis in bone tissue engineering and bone repair.     

Insight into t->m transition of MW treated 3Y-PSZ ceramics by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction

The influence of a microwave hybrid heat treatment (MHH) on the surface and in-depth mineralogical transformation of pre-sintered 3Y-PSZ was investigated. 3Y-PSZ samples were prepared by slip casting and sintered by conventional firing (1270 °C). Then, different MHH treatments from 5 to 15 min. at 1200 °C were applied to obtain a fully stabilized 3Y-TZP. The monoclinic fraction depth profiles in the first micrometres (up to 5) of thickness were investigated by means of the grazing incident X-ray diffraction technique (GIXRD). A good sintering degree with practically nil closed porosity and grain growth was achieved after MHH of 15 min. MHH increases the tetragonal phase content both in the surface and in-depth, reducing completely the monoclinic phase shell typically found after conventional sintering. A new parabolic model is proposed for the convoluted monoclinic fraction depth profile, which through the value of its horizontal asymptote allows the determination of the monoclinic shell thickness.     

Role of zirconia phase transformation,interface processes,and Ta2O5 doping on the blistering phenomenon of molten glass in contact with zirconia-based refractories

Bubble formation and removal within the molten glass is an important issue in glass industry. Various sources of bubbles have been identified in glass manufacturing: decomposition of the glass components, air trapping, oxidation/reduction reactions, precipitation resulting from insufficient refining, etc. It has been demonstrated in a previous paper that the blistering phenomenon at the interface between a molten glass and a zirconia-based refractory can be ascribed to the oxygen semipermeability through the zirconia phase. The objective of this study is to clarify the role of temperature on the blistering process, and especially, below and above the phase transition temperature of zirconia (monoclinic/tetragonal transformation) and to evaluate the role of zirconia doping on the blistering level. The influence of the kinetics of the surface processes at the glass/refractory interface is emphasized. Quantitative measurement of the slight blistering ascribed to the so-called “redox shock” is also given.     

Microwave dielectric characteristics of tungsten bronze-type Ba4Nd28/3Ti18-yGa4y/3O54 ceramics with temperature stable and ultra-low loss

A series of high-k Ba₄Nd_28/3Ti_18-yGa_4y/3O₅₄ (0≤y≤2, BNTG) ceramics with temperature stable and ultra-low dielectric loss were synthesized via the conventional solid-state reaction. The main phase of all BNTG ceramics demonstrated an orthorhombic tungsten-bronze structure, but the impurity phase (gallium-rich phase) was found in BNTG (y = 2) ceramic. Partial substitution of Ga³⁺ for Ti⁴⁺ in B-site was a valid method to improve the temperature stability and dielectric loss of BNTG ceramics. The variation of ε_r values of BNTG ceramics was dominated by the ionic polarizability. The ultra-low dielectric loss (ultra-high Q × f values) was associated with grain size, suppression of Ti³⁺ and impurity phase. The decrease of TCF values was highly dependent on the tilting of Ti-O octahedra and impurity phase. Finally, outstanding combination dielectric characteristics were achieved for BNTG microwave ceramics at y = 1.5 (ε_r = 72.8, Q × f = 14,600 GHz, TCF=+4.1 ppm/°C) and at y = 2 (ε_r = 70.3, Q × f = 15,500 GHz, TCF=+3.9 ppm/°C).     

耐热型聚合物锂离子电池隔膜的研究进展

综述了隔膜的性能要求以及国内外耐热型聚合物锂离子电池隔膜的发展现状,主要包括以聚醚醚酮（PEEK）、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）、聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）、聚酰亚胺（PI）等聚合物隔膜,针对各种聚合物隔膜的特点与制备方法及其性能进行了介绍,并对聚合物隔膜的发展方向进行了展望。     

高温海碧蓝色亚光釉的研制

以氧化锌和玻璃粉为主要原料。以宝石蓝色料为着色剂,通过凋整釉料组成．成功研制出在1240℃烧成的海碧蓝色亚光釉,为海碧蓝色釉的生产探索了一种新途径。     

单边缺口拉伸试样的断裂韧性计算方法对比

在工程临界评估（engineering critical assessment）中,裂纹尖端张开位移（CTOD值）的精确性将极大影响设计安全裕度与服役寿命.单边缺口拉伸（SENT）试样裂纹尖端的应力应变场与管道在实际服役状况下相似,被认为比较适用于测量管道CTOD值.目前有几种针对SENT断裂韧性的计算方法,但是并没有统一的标准.文中采用API X70管线钢,进行SENT试样断裂韧性试验并对比各计算方法与双刀口法之间的区别.采用Crackwise 4.0评估了不同计算方法得到韧性值对裂纹极限尺寸的影响.结果表明,几种CTOD计算方法相较于双引伸计法都有较大误差,断裂韧性的精确度对于ECA评估极限裂纹尺寸有极大影响.