电解法深度处理生活垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液研究

采用三元电极对垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液的生化-混凝出水进行电解处理，研究了其处理效果及影响因素。结果表明，在电解反应过程中COD的降解符合三级反应动力学，其t时刻的出水浓度为：Ct=（2kt＋C0^-2）^-0.5；电流、pH值、电解时间、氯离子浓度、进水COD浓度对有机物去除率的影响较大，而极间距、温度和极水比则影响较小。此外，考察了该电极对氮化合物的去除效果。结果表明，在电解过程中亚硝态氮很快被氧化成硝态氮，之后氨氮转化为氮气，总氮基本以硝态氮的形式存在。     

光还原铁离子活化过硫酸盐系统去除水中碘海醇

过渡金属Fe2+是最经济有效且环境友好的PS活化物质,但是Fe2+易于被氧化而失去活化能力导致Fe2+/PS体系持续效果较差。为了提高Fe2+活化PS氧化降解有机污染物的效率,本论文将医学上常用的碘化X射线显影剂（ICM）的典型代表碘海醇（Iohexol）作为目标污染物,研究其在UV/PS、Fe(C2O4)33-/PS、UV/Fe(C2O4)33-/PS和Fe2+/PS 4种高级氧化体系中的降解,考查Fe(C2O4 )33-浓度、紫外光强和pH对UV/Fe(C2O4)33-/PS体系中碘海醇降解和PS活化分解的影响,并且分析体系中Fe2+浓度变化及其转化率。结果表明：4种高级氧化体系中碘海醇的氧化分解率分别为：83.8%、7.0%、98.8%、69.9%,其中,UV/Fe(C2O4 )33-/PS体系能够通过紫外光促进铁离子还原,溶液中对PS起活化作用的Fe2+逐渐释出,对碘海醇的降解最为高效彻底。随着Fe(C2O4 )33-浓度的增加,UV/Fe(C2O4 )33-/PS体系中PS的分解率不断增加,而碘海醇的降解率却先增加后减少。4种不同初始Fe(C2O4 )33-浓度下（20 μM、50 μM、100 μM、200 μM）,碘海醇降解速率依次为：100 μM ＞ 200 μM ＞ 50 μM ＞ 20 μM。在UV/Fe(C2O4 )33-/PS体系中,Fe2+浓度均是先快速增加后缓慢下降,碘海醇的降解率、PS的分解率以及Fe2+的最高转化率均与光强正相关,与pH负相关。因此,利用紫外光还原铁离子能够极大的提高提高Fe2+活化PS效率,且体系对于光强、pH等影响因素有较强的适应能力,在水处理高级氧化领域的具有较大的应用前景。     

Z-Scheme Modulated Charge Transfer on InVO4@ZnIn2S4 for Durable Overall Water Splitting

The charge transfer within heterojunction is crucial for the efficiency and stability of photocatalyst for overall water splitting (OWS). Herein, InVO₄ nanosheets have been employed as a support for the lateral epitaxial growth of ZnIn₂S₄ nanosheets to produce hierarchical InVO₄@ZnIn₂S₄ (InVZ) heterojunctions. The distinct branching heterostructure facilitates active site exposure and mass transfer, further boosting the participation of ZnIn₂S₄ and InVO₄ for proton reduction and water oxidation, respectively. The unique Z-scheme modulated charge transfer, visualized by simulation and in situ analysis, has been proved to promote the spatial separation of photoexcited charges and strengthen the anti-photocorrosion capability of InVZ. The optimized InVZ heterojunction presents improved OWS (153.3 µmol h⁻¹ g⁻¹ for H₂ and 76.9 µmol h⁻¹ g⁻¹ for O₂) and competitive H₂ production (21090 µmol h⁻¹ g⁻¹). Even after 20 times (100 h) of cycle experiment, it still holds more than 88% OWS activity and a complete structure.     

城市化进程中水资源供需趋势分析

在阐述我国城市化发展特点及现状的基础上，从总用水量、用水结构及用水设施的变化几个方面，探讨了我国总体水资源供需变化趋势及城市用水量总体变化趋势，为进一步制定城市水资源规划及管理政策提供借鉴。     

化学生物絮凝工艺自动控制优化研究

主要介绍化学生物絮凝工艺的自动控制系统,以TP为目标通过对控制加药系统中药剂和磷酸盐反应摩尔数MR和廊道曝气量这两个参数的优化,使自动控制系统针对不同水质及时采取相应的措施,优化系统的污染物去除能力。实验表明在MR=2.0时,化学生物絮凝工艺处理上海市城市污水能够保证处理后出水的TP平稳达标排放。设置各廊道DO上下浓度为:第一格DO,2～3mg/L;第二格DO,2～4mg/L;第三格DO,0～1.0mg/L,不仅实现对污染物的稳定去除,而且提供生物絮凝所需的水力条件,使出水SS得到良好控制。     

甲醇为碳源时生物滤池去除二级出水中氮、磷的研究

以甲醇为碳源，进行了生物滤池去除二级处理出水中氮、磷的试验研究。结果表明，随着甲醇投量的增大则生物滤池出水中的总氮浓度降低，但对总磷的去除率呈下降趋势。当甲醇投量为10mg／L时，生物滤池出水中的总氮〈6．60mg／L，对总氮的去除率〉37％，对总磷的去除率〉43％；当甲醇投量为20mg／L时，生物滤池出水中的总氮〈1．20mg／L，对总氮的去除率〉88％，对总磷的去除率〉9％；当甲醇投量为30mg／L时，生物滤池出水中的总氮〈1．20mg／L，对总氮的去除率〉88％，对总磷的去除率〉6％。当滤速在3～8．5m／h间变化时，陶粒滤池的脱氮除磷效果基本不受影响；砂滤池的脱氮除磷效果稍优于陶粒滤池。     

Green synthesis of bi-component Mn3O4–MnO2 nanorods and enhanced catalytic properties

Bi-component Mn₃O₄–MnO₂ nanorods with lengths of up to 30 μm are synthesized using a simple hydrothermal method in the absence of templates. Samples were characterized by FE-SEM, HR-TEM, XRD, XPS, and N₂ adsorption–desorption. The results indicate that the Mn₃O₄–MnO₂ and Mn₅O₈ samples with various morphologies can be easily obtained via modulating Cl⁻ ions and glucose contents. Compared with that of the Mn₅O₈ samples, the bi-component Mn₃O₄–MnO₂ nanorods exhibited higher catalytic properties for oxidative decomposition of MB owing to its adjustable valence state and oxygen content.     

Simple solid-state synthesis and improved performance of Ni(OH)2-TiO2 nanocomposites for photocatalytic H2 production

To reduce the cost of the traditional noble metal-loaded photocatalysts for H₂ production, low-cost Ni(OH)₂-TiO₂ nanocomposites were designed and synthesized by a simple room-temperature solid-state chemical method (RSCM), which is a facile, low-cost and eco-friendly manipulation. Various testing methods and tools were used to characterize the crystal structure, elemental composition, morphology, light absorption ability, fluorescent performance, photocurrent density, and photocatalytic activity of the obtained nanocomposites. The results indicated that RSCM can be used to synthesize Ni(OH)₂-TiO₂ nanocomposites with a small size (50 nm) and good dispersity. Compared to pure TiO₂, the obtained nanocomposites displayed excellent photocatalytic performance for H₂ production by photocatalytic water-splitting. The amount of hydrogen needed for the optional nanocomposite NOT-1 was 9180 μmol/g, which is 29 times that of the commercial P25. The reason for the improved performance for photocatalytic hydrogen production is that the existing Ni(OH)₂ in nanocomposites promoted the separation between the photogenerated electron and holes.     

声光催化的研究进展

声光催化即超声波和光催化的联合技术,将两者联合起来可以产生协同效应,比两者单独作用可取得更好的效果.超声波产生的机械效应,如分散催化剂、清洗催化剂的表面、强化传质等作用能够促进光催化反应;此外,超声波产生的空化效应,能够导致局部高温高压等极端环境,并产生大量的活性自由基,从而将物质分解.介绍了国内外利用声光催化氧化在污水处理和分解水方面的研究进展,并对反应机理、主要影响因素等进行了评述.