生物除磷系统中聚磷菌与聚糖菌代谢模型比较

基于国内外学者对生物除磷代谢机理的最新研究成果，介绍了生物除磷系统中聚磷菌与聚糖菌的代谢模型，并对两者进行了比较。指出有必要对聚磷菌与聚糖菌的代谢机理与生理特性进行进一步研究，以提高系统的运行效率和稳定性。     

Fuzzy observers for anaerobic WWTP: Development and implementation

In this paper a set of fuzzy observers for anaerobic digestion is proposed to estimate variables difficult to measure in a completely stirred tank reactor. First, a mathematical model for the process is stated and experimentally validated. Then, a methodology based on principal components analysis is developed to select fuzzy variables, which allow the local observers to be adequately activated. The active local observers are interpolated using the Takagi–Sugeno approach, in order to recover the non-linear behaviour; to ensure their adequate performance, the respective stability analysis is included. The whole estimation scheme is validated via simulations and tested in a real process.     

Testing the formation of Ca–phosphonate precipitates and evaluating the anionic polymers as Ca–phosphonate precipitates and CaCO3 scale inhibitor in simulated cooling water

The inhibition performance of different phosphonates as CaCO₃ scale inhibitors in simulated cooling water was evaluated. Based on experimental data, various phosphonates form weakly soluble Ca–phosphonate precipitates, with the order of the phosphonates in terms of Ca²⁺ tolerance being BHMTPMP > PAPEMP > HDTMP ? PBTCA > DTPMP > EDTMP > ATMP > HEDP. Homo-, co-, and ter-polymers were also investigated for their performance as Ca–phosphonate inhibitors, the order of inhibit Ca–phosphonate precipitation: terpolymer > copolymer > homopolymer. Addition of polymers as inhibitors with phosphonates could reduce Ca–phosphonate precipitation and enhance the inhibition efficiency for CaCO₃ scale. Moreover, polymer composition and concentration are critical to the inhibitory performance.     

Characteristics of combined sewer overflows in Shanghai and selection of drainage systems

The overflow frequencies of combined sewer systems (CSSs) along Suzhou Creek in Shanghai are definitely lower compared with low interception ratio and design expectation. This noteworthy phenomenon was analysed and the results indicate that large sewer storage capacity due to a dense interconnection between sewer systems, flat pipe slope and pump drainage pattern, as well as the spatial–temporal difference of rainfall on a large catchment that is integrated by the connected network, lead to the overflow frequencies of combined sewer overflows (CSOs) along Suzhou Creek that are much less than those of designed and of Japanese counterparts. The drainage hydraulic model was used to simulate the performance of typical CSSs in Shanghai centre area to further explain the phenomenon. Meanwhile, as separate systems have serious illicit connections and are subject to heavy wet weather pollution in Shanghai, separate systems did not show the expected advantage in nonpoint pollution control. Thus, keeping old CSSs in the Shanghai downtown area seems to be of great value with respect to the control of urban non-point pollution.     

气浮-曝气生物滤池-膜生物反应器处理洗浴废水回用工程

采用工程规模为300～360m^3/d的气浮-曝气生物滤池-膜生物反应器组合工艺对同济大学学生浴室洗浴废水进行处理并回用于景观水体。试验结果表明,在气浮投药量为15mg/L,曝气生物滤池水力停留时间为0.5～2h,膜生物反应池水力停留时间为2～4h时,工艺对主要污染物SS、COD、LAS和NH4^＋-N等物质的去除率分别达到99%、90%、97%、和85%以上,出水水质可达到城市污水再生利用景观用水水质标准（GB/T 18921-2002）的要求。工程运行表明,该处理工艺在污水资源化方面有良好的应用前景。     

Novel color stabilization concepts for decorative surfaces of native dark wood and thermally modified timber

UV and visible light exposure of dark colored wood and thermally modified timber (TMT) is strongly connected with discoloration and photobleaching of the respective wood surfaces. Conventional and nanoscale UV absorbers as well as radical scavengers (HALS), mainly effective for the protection of softwood and bright hardwood, were found to be improper for the light stabilization of dark wood surfaces. In the current work discoloration mechanisms are discussed considering the role of wood extractives and the sensitivity of dark colored wood types to visible light and results are presented which were obtained by applying novel protecting systems for the light stabilization of transparently coated surfaces from dark colored wood types and TMT.     

焙烧态MgAl-CO3双羟基层状金属化合物去除水中痕量高氯酸盐

用共沉淀法制备了不同配比的MgAl-CO3双羟基层状金属化合物,焙烧后制得焙烧态水滑石。考察了MgAl-CO3双羟基层状金属化合物及其焙烧产物对水中痕量高氯酸根离子的吸附性能,研究了初始浓度、pH值、温度、粒径、共存阴离子等对去除效能的影响,计算得到了有关动力学参数。结果表明:550℃焙烧态水滑石(n(Mg2+)/n(Al3+)=3)对ClO4-的吸附效果最好,且符合准二级反应动力学方程和Freundlich等温吸附模型。焙烧态水滑石对溶液的pH值具有一定的缓冲作用,在较宽的pH范围均可广泛应用。但是在强酸条件下水滑石会发生溶解;强碱条件下OH-会与ClO4-形成吸附竞争。     

厌氧HRT对A/O除磷工艺的影响

为系统考察厌氧水力停留时间（AHRT）对生物除磷效果的影响,本文以实际生活污水作为进水,在实验室连续流厌氧／好氧（A／O）除磷系统稳定运行的基础上,统计了不同AHRT下系统除磷效果及胞内贮存物的变化。设计批式实验,考察了AHRT较长情况下生物增强除磷代谢过程,针对实验过程中出现的厌氧聚羟基链烷酸酯（PHAs）分解和厌氧糖原合成现象,提出聚磷不足情况下聚磷菌代谢的假想模式。最后根据实验结果指出A／O除磷工艺AHRT的确定应以PHAs的合成量最大作为控制目标。     

前置悬浮填料床化学生物絮凝工艺对污染物的协同去除作用

本文探讨了前置悬浮填料床-化学生物絮凝工艺处理生活污水过程中化学和生物作用对污染物的协同去除机理。工艺对COD的去除规律表明,化学和生物对有机物的协同去除作用缓解了生物单元的压力,增加了系统抗冲击负荷的能力。进出水粒度分布分析结果表明化学和生物对有机物的协同去除作用使得工艺对小粒径（1～40μm）颗粒物的去除率较单纯的化学絮凝一级强化或生物二级处理高。工艺进出水和反应池中氮、磷营养物质分布规律表明,化学和生物的协同作用增加了工艺除磷脱氮效果,提高了工艺的稳定性。     

改进AB工艺对城市污水的处理

针对传统AB工艺在生物脱氮除磷方面的碳源相对不足问题,本试验采用改进AB工艺处理城市污水,以强化传统AB工艺的生物脱氮除磷功能。平行对比试验结果表明：改进AB工艺可以显著提高传统AB工艺的生物脱氮除磷功能,在进水COD浓度250～620mg／L,NH3-N45～70mg／L,TN60～90mg／L,TP7～12mg／L的条件下,改进AB工艺对COD、NH3-N、TN和TP的平均去除效率分别达到82．1％、90．3％、79．8％、90．61％,出水COD、NH3-N和TP等各项污染指标均能实现达标排放。