模拟脆性材料动态裂纹扩展的非连续变形分析方法

非连续变形分析方法(DDA)属于隐式离散元法,通过引入虚拟节理可以模拟材料从连续到破坏全过程.尝试将DDA方法应用于脆性材料动态裂纹扩展问题.采用基于Voronoi多边形离散的DDA方法进行模拟.由于Voronoi多边形会存在较多短边,采用原始DDA程序计算时短边会优先发生破坏.针对该问题通过引入均布弹簧算法,在一定程...     

围海造陆工程对海底管线的影响及防护方案的研究

在海底管线上部进行围海造陆,吹填土对海底管线近海登陆接岸部分管段的安全存在着一定的影响。当围海造陆回填高度过大时,管道中的附加应力与管道在运行状态下原有温度应力的组合可能超过管道材质的屈服应力,管道极有可能发生破坏,造成严重的工程和社会问题。本文通过理论计算与数值分析的手段对海底管线在吹填荷载作用下的应力分布进行了分析,提出围海造陆中海底管线的荷载过渡防护的概念,基于该理念通过理论计算及有限元分析提出了海底管线保护方案并在工程中得以应用,根据工后监测数据证明了该方法的可行性。     

基于VOF法的风暴潮洪水演进三维数值模拟

为了提高风暴潮灾害应急处置能力,确保防潮安全,文章建立了耦合流体体积函数(VOF)法的三维非稳态水气两相流k-ε模型,采用等效糙率的方法处理城市密集建筑群,既考虑了其阻水作用,又考虑了其蓄水作用。针对天津市滨海新区海河与永定新河之间区域的风暴潮洪水演进数值模拟与分析,对100年一遇风暴潮洪水淹没情况进行分析,并对不同频率的风暴潮洪水的严重性进行了比较。结果表明,随着风暴潮发生频率的增加,风暴潮淹没范围逐渐减小,水深随着频率的增加是逐渐减少的,该研究为海堤安全管理、风暴潮灾害的快速科学评估提供了理论依据和技术支持。     

变缝宽异型构造底板脉动压力特性试验

在水利工程中,水垫塘是大坝的重要安全防护设施之一,在高速水流冲击下,水垫塘的安全与稳定关系到大坝能否正常运行。以某消力塘水工模型试验为背景,结合模型试验结果,对比分析了不同缝隙宽度对底板下表面脉动压力特性的影响。研究表明:在水跃稳定区,带键槽底板下表面的脉动压强系数会随着键槽间的缝隙宽度的增大而增大,带键槽底板概率密度分布图的正态性较好;当键槽缝隙宽度增大时,带键槽底板可能产生的最大脉动上举力有所减小;对于相同测点,键槽缝隙宽度越大,下表面缝隙涡旋的平均尺度和脉动压力空间积分尺度都越大;随着键槽缝隙宽度变小,带键槽底板下表面的脉动能量更加集中于低频。     

基于三维地质模型的坝基灌浆工程可视化分析

利用 Struts 和 Hibernate 技术，对灌浆数据进行采集和整理，在灌浆分析系统中将这些灌浆数据转化为三维灌浆孔模型，实现三维地质模型和灌浆数据耦合；在耦合模型的基础上对灌浆效果进行可视化分析：对任意排灌浆孔模型进行三维地质模型剖切，揭示每排灌浆孔模型的不良地质体垂直分布情况；通过改变单位注灰量较大灌浆孔模型的颜色属性，耦合其对应的三维地质模型，从而实现单位注灰量在地质模型中的可视化分析；在灌浆参数基础上自动生成其对应的综合剖面，将地质条件耦合到剖面中，赋予综合剖面图地质信息属性；通过对任意灌浆孔段进行地质信息数字化，明确每个灌浆孔段是否通过不良地质体以及各个不良地质体的高程分布；以施工单元为基准，对单位注灰量和地质信息进行耦合统计分析。通过工程应用实例表明，基于三维地质模型对整个坝基灌浆工程的可视化分析，可以有效指导灌浆工作并能对灌浆效果做到及时、有效的反馈分析，为工程管理人员做出快速的决策提供可靠的依据，从而提高工作效率和工作水平。     

The effect of Zr on the microstructure and tensile properties of hot-extruded Al–Mg2Si composite

This work was carried out to investigate the effect of different amounts of Zr on the microstructure and tensile properties of homogenized and hot extruded Al-15% Mg₂Si composite using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that Zr addition has no significant effect on the morphology of both primary and eutectic Mg₂Si phase in as-cast condition. But, applying homogenizing and extrusion processes changed the morphology of Mg₂Si phases from irregular to a more spherical shape. Further results demonstrated that the average size of primary Mg₂Si decreases with the addition of Zr up to 0.1% from 56 μm to 24 μm in hot-extruded condition. As the mount of Zr increased up to 0.1 wt.%, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation values were also increased from 160 MPa and 3.2% to 292 MPa and 9.5%, respectively. Fracture surface examinations revealed a transition from brittle fracture mode in as-cast composite to ductile fracture in hot-extruded Zr-modified specimens. This can be attributed to the changes in size and morphology of Mg₂Si intermetallic and porosity content.     

Effect of roughness on the shear behavior of rock joints subjected to impact loading

The shear behavior is regarded as the dominant property of rock joints and is dramatically affected by the joint surface roughness. To date, the effect of surface roughness on the shear behavior of rock joints under static or cyclic loading conditions has been extensively studied, but such effect under impact loading conditions keeps unclear. To address this issue, a series of impact shear tests was performed using a novel-designed dynamic experimental system combined with the digital image correlation (DIC) technique. The dynamic shear strength, deformability and failure mode of the jointed specimens with various joint roughness coefficients (JRC) are comprehensively analyzed. Results show that the shear strength and shear displacement characteristics of the rock joint under the impact loading keep consistent with those under static loading conditions. However, the temporal variations of shear stress, slip displacement and normal displacement under the impact loading conditions show obviously different behaviors. An elastic rebound of the slip displacement occurs during the impact shearing and its value increases with increasing joint roughness. Two identifiable stages (i.e. compression and dilation) are observed in the normal displacement curves for the rougher rock joints, whereas the joints with small roughness only manifest normal compression displacement. Besides, as the roughness increases, the maximum compression tends to decrease, while the maximum dilation gradually increases. Moreover, the microstructural analysis based on scanning electron microscope (SEM) suggests that the roughness significantly affects the characteristics of the shear fractured zone enclosing the joint surface.     

复合加载模式下不排水饱和软黏土中宽浅式筒型 基础地基承载力包络线研究

作为高耸结构物,海上风机受到巨大的水平荷载作用。宽浅式筒型基础是为适应中国近海荷载特点而研发的一种新型海上风机基础形式,经典的地基承载力计算公式无法精确地计算复合加载模式下宽浅式筒型基础地基的极限承载力。通过数值计算研究了不排水饱和软黏土中宽浅式筒型基础在V-H、V-M、H-M和V-H-M加载模式下的地基承载力包络线,并提出了V-H和V-M加载模式下的地基承载力包络线的表达式。研究结果表明V-H和V-M加载模式下宽浅式筒型基础地基承载力包络线具有对称性,而H-M加载模式下呈非对称性,其非对称性随着基础深宽比增大而更加显著;V-H-M加载模式下地基承载力包络线的形状受竖向荷载V的影响,表现为包络线关于M轴的非对称性随着竖向荷载的增大而减弱。可根据海上风机的实际受力状态与该破坏包络线之间的相对关系,评价实际受荷状态下筒型基础的稳定性。     

A compact method for computing the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of plane frames

Two Fortran computer programs are presented which calculate the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of rigidly jointed plane frames. The eigenvalues are natural frequencies and critical load factors in vibration and buckling problems, respectively, while the eigenvectors are the corresponding mode shapes. The theory is based on the stiffness method of analysis and uses classical (exact) member equations together with an algorithm which ensures that the required eigenvalues are found with certainty. The corresponding eigenvectors are then retrieved by a simple technique which offers improved accuracy over more established methods. The programming style is specifically aimed towards minicomputer application and this is illustrated by annotated listings of the programs, each of which contains just over two hundred Fortran statements. The use of the programs as ‘black boxes’ is fully explained with illustrative examples.     

Rockfill material uncertainty inversion analysis of concrete-faced rockfill dams using stacking ensemble strategy and Jaya optimizer

Numerical simulation of concrete-faced rockfill dams (CFRDs) considering the spatial variability of rockfill has become a popular research topic in recent years. In order to determine uncertain rockfill properties efficiently and reliably, this study developed an uncertainty inversion analysis method for rockfill material parameters using the stacking ensemble strategy and Jaya optimizer. The comprehensive implementation process of the proposed model was described with an illustrative CFRD example. First, the surrogate model method using the stacking ensemble algorithm was used to conduct the Monte Carlo stochastic finite element calculations with reduced computational cost and improved accuracy. Afterwards, the Jaya algorithm was used to inversely calculate the combination of the coefficient of variation of rockfill material parameters. This optimizer obtained higher accuracy and more significant uncertainty reduction than traditional optimizers. Overall, the developed model effectively identified the random parameters of rockfill materials. This study provided scientific references for uncertainty analysis of CFRDs. In addition, the proposed method can be applied to other similar engineering structures.