Superhydrophobic concrete surfaces with integrated microtexture

Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) is characterized by a densely packed mix-design, which can offer attractive surface properties for architectural building facades. A technical challenge for aesthetic applications is the protection against fouling. This work demonstrates that water-repellent concrete can be obtained just after demoulding by replicating the features of micro-pillared moulds made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Moreover, the negative replica of the microtextured UHPC surface can be used as a master to template for other UHPC samples, constituting a cost-effective route to fabricate large-scale microtextured concrete pieces. The chemical functionalization of UHPC with a low surface energy material is obtained by transferring residues from the PDMS mould or by spraying siloxane-based compounds to form a homogenous surface film. The latter preparation method showed superhydrophobic properties with static contact angles reaching up to 164° and contact angle hysteresis reaching as low as 2.5°. This process enables the manufacture of water-repelling, self-cleaning concrete. Raindrops slide off the concrete surface, carrying debris away.     

Wind buckling of tanks with conical roof considering shielding by another tank

Oil storage tanks are usually arranged in groups in tank farms, and this configuration may affect their buckling and postbuckling strength under wind loads. The assessment of wind action on tank structures is performed in this work by means of wind tunnel experiments to evaluate the pattern of pressure distribution for a tank which is shielded by another tank under various configurations and separation between them. The experimental results show significant changes in pressures due to shielding effects. In a second stage the structural response under the pressures previously evaluated is performed by finite element analysis using both linear bifurcation and geometrically nonlinear analysis. Results of two-tank interaction are compared with those of an isolated tank. Based on the results, it is concluded that the changes in wind pressures due to group effects induce changes in buckling loads and in the associated deflected patterns.     

一种基于AHP的网络计划工期优化方法

工期优化问题在工程管理中比较常见。目前,在工期优化方面产生了很多工期压缩算法,在大多数这些算法中,仅将工程的压缩成本作为判定作业优化顺序的唯一标准。但事实上,在进行工期优化时,其他一些因素如资源可利用量、风险状况、作业复杂程度等也应被考虑到工期优化过程中。基于此,本文应用层次分析法,提出同时考虑工程资源、风险和成本的多目标决策工期优化方法。最后,通过一个实例来阐明具体工期优化过程,与传统确定优选系数的方法相比,本文的方法能够得到更加客观、全面、精确的作业优选系数,为决策者提供满足实际需求的工期优化方案。     

连续监控下土石坝碾压参数的控制标准及其确定方法

为适应连续监控下土石坝施工中对碾压参数的控制要求,提出将行车速度持续超速时间、激振力持续不达标时间、压实厚度及碾压遍数合格率作为施工全仓面碾压参数的控制指标;并在分析各碾压参数与心墙坝料压实度之间相关性的基础上,建立了碾压遍数、压实厚度、料性参数（坝料含水率和级配）与压实度的多元回归模型;进而提出了满足现行规范要求的坝料压实质量所对应的、基于Monte-Carlo法的碾压遍数合格率控制标准的确定方法。工程实例分析表明,遵循所提出的碾压参数控制标准,心墙区试坑检验的坝料压实度均满足设计要求,从而为连续监控下土石坝碾压质量的控制提供了有效途径。     

非饱和重塑与结构性黄土等向压缩试验离散元分析

为了研究非饱和重塑与结构性黄土在等向压缩条件下宏微观力学性质,进行了等向压缩室内试验的离散元数值分析。运用本团队提出的非饱和结构性黄土三维胶结接触模型,根据室内真三轴试验标定三维接触模型参数,进行了非饱和重塑与结构性黄土的等向压缩离散元模拟,并与室内试验结果进行了对比,在此基础上分析了其宏微观力学机理。结果表明:离散元模拟结果能较好的定性反映黄土的力学特征,非饱和黄土的孔隙比随平均应力先缓慢下降,后在屈服压力附近开始过渡到快速下降;胶结接触在达到某阈值平均应力时开始发生破坏;胶结开始发生大量破坏的阈值与压缩曲线上的结构屈服应力有很好的对应关系。     

一个非饱和结构性黄土三维胶结接触模型

对非饱和结构性黄土进行离散元模拟需要合理的三维胶结接触模型。在含抗转动和抗扭转模型基础上引入了颗粒间吸引力以考虑范德华力和毛细力作用;提出了考虑胶结尺寸影响的胶结刚度和强度公式,考虑了不可恢复的化学胶结作用;建立了可以全面考虑含水率-孔隙比-吸力耦合作用的黄土接触模型。通过开展常规三轴压缩以及在不同偏应力水平下湿陷试验的三维离散元模拟,表明该三维接触模型可以较好地反映室内试验中非饱和结构性黄土的主要力学特性。     

Q3原状黄土变形过程中的应变速率效应

为揭示应变速率对黄土体变形过程的影响规律,以兰州Q3黄土为对象,在不同含水率和围压条件下,系统开展黄土体应变速率效应的三轴试验研究,且以应力-应变曲线、抗剪强度、孔隙压力作为关键要素进行分析。结果表明：应力-应变曲线存在应变软化效应,高应变率促使应变软化的产生,但高含水率、高围压抑制应变软化的产生;应变速率对抗剪强度有显著影响,抗剪强度随应变速率的增大呈现先增大再减小的规律,黏聚力的变化规律与之相同,应变速率对内摩擦角的影响规律与之相反;应变速率对孔隙压力的增长趋势几乎没有影响,但孔隙压力峰值受应变速率的影响显著,且含水率和围压不同,其变化规律存在差异。Q3原状黄土变形过程中存在明显的应变速率效应,其对黄土地区工程应用和丰富黄土力学具有积极的意义。     

基于FG-MCGDM的水利工程施工进度方案优化

针对水利工程施工进度的多准则群决策问题,提出了一种新的模糊灰色多准则决策模型。该模型基于模糊集理论、灰色关联分析和折衷解的理论方法,将各决策属性和决策者权重的语言变量转化为梯形模糊数;采用改进的 GRA-VIKOR方法对模糊信息群体决策问题进行求解,并对各决策者的群体效益值和个体遗憾值进行聚合;通过折衷解对施工进度方案进行排序,获得最优方案。该模型有效地避免了信息的扭曲和丢失,确保了决策信息的完备性。通过在某水利工程施工进度方案优选的案例分析与计算,证明了该模型的有效性和实用性。     

流域水文、水动力、水质模型联合应用研究进展

流域水文、水动力、水质模型联合应用可以实现水资源从源头运动到不同水体的全过程模拟,对水资源开发利用与综合管理决策具有重要的意义.为深入了解流域耦合模型的发展与演变过程,总结了水文、水动力与水质3类模型的结构与特点,探讨了各类模型在耦合应用中的作用,综合评价了单向传输耦合、双向传输耦合与接口传输耦合各自的优势与不足,并对...