Sm2O3和Nd2O3共同掺杂CeO2基电解质材料的研究

采用柠檬酸-硝酸盐法合成出单一相、均匀的Ce0.8SmxNd0．2-xO19粉体，XRD结果表明该粉体为单相萤石结构，粒径约在11．7nm～20．1nm之间。将粉体干压成型，在1400℃下无压烧结5h可得到高致密度陶瓷。SEM照片显示陶瓷微观结构均匀，晶粒尺寸在2μm～4μm。经直流四端电极法测试得到该样品在500℃时电导率约在0．012 S／cm。该结果说明与单项掺杂相比，两相共掺杂会进一步提高材料的电导率。     

牙科着色玻璃渗透氧化铝陶瓷的性能研究

在1400℃下熔融2h制备4种定制颜色的着色渗透玻璃，并将玻璃于1120℃渗透入预烧结氧化铝多孔基体，采用分光光度计测定渗透后的透射比和颜色参数，渗透后的复合材料作三点弯曲强度及断裂韧性测试，断裂面进行扫描电镜观察。结果表明：玻璃渗透后铝瓷的颜色参数范围：L^＊：68．80-78．44，a^＊：1．32～4．75，b^＊：16．86-21．86。三点弯曲强度为（420-27．72）MPa，断裂韧性为（3．70-0．13）MPa·m^1/2。     

Ultra-Wideband Electrostrictive Mechanical Antenna

Mechanical antennas based on piezoelectric materials can effectively reduce the size of long wave antennas down to 1/1000 of the wavelength (from km scale to mm level). However, the narrow bandwidth and weak field intensity seriously restrict its practical applications in transmission distance and channel capacity. Here, a mechanical antenna-based electrostrictive effect of relaxor ferroelectric ceramic (PMN-PT) is proposed to improve radiation capacity and achieve ultra-wideband characteristics (10 kHz–1 MHz). Due to the ultra-high dielectric constant at working temperature and the relationship between the strain and applied field intensity, the proposed antenna gets rid of the dependence on the poled materials and exhibits excellent communication properties beyond traditional mechanical antennas, which are experimentally demonstrated by a practical wireless communication system. Only using a single proposed mechanical antenna with 8 mm diameter and 3 mm thickness, the effective communication with a transmission distance of 200 m can be realized. This design offers a promising way of constructing mechanical antennas for long-wave communication.     

In Situ Observation of Crystallization of Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite from Microdroplets

It is of great importance to investigate the crystallization of organometallic perovskite from solution for enhancing performance of perovskite solar cells. Here, this study develops a facile method for in situ observation of crystallization and growth of the methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI₃) perovskite from microdroplets ejected by an alternating viscous and inertial force jetting method. It is found that there are two crystallization modes when MAPbI₃ grows from the CH₃NH₃I (MAI)/PbI₂/N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) solution: needle precursors and granular perovskites. Generally, needle Lewis adduct of MAPbI₃·DMF tends to nucleate and grow from the solution due to low solubility of PbI₂. The growth of MAPbI₃·DMF depends on both the concentration of MAI and temperature. It tends to form large perovskite domains on substrates at high temperature. The MAPbI₃·DMF coverts to nanocrystalline perovskite due to lattice shrinkage when DMF molecules escape from the Lewis adduct. Granular perovskite can also directly nucleate from the solution at high concentration of MAI due to compositional segregation.     

High‐Temperature Particulate Matter Filtration with Resilient Yttria‐Stabilized ZrO2 Nanofiber Sponge

Particulate matter (PM) is a major air pollutant in many regions, jeopardizing ecosystems and public health. Filtration at pollutant source is one of the most important ways to protect the environment, however, considering the high‐temperature exhaust gas emissions, effective removal of PM and related pollutants from their sources remains a major challenge. In this study, a resilient, heat‐resisting, and high‐efficiency PM filter based on yttria‐stabilized ZrO₂ (YSZ) nanofiber sponge produced with a scalable solution blow spinning process is reported. The porous 3D sponge composed of YSZ nanofibers is lightweight (density of 20 mg cm^?3) and resilient at both room temperature and high temperatures. At room‐temperature conditions, the YSZ nanofiber sponge exhibits 99.4% filtration efficiency for aerosol particles with size in the range of 20–600 nm, associated with a low pressure drop of only 57 Pa under an airflow velocity of 4.8 cm s^?1. At a high temperature of 750 °C, the ceramic sponge maintains a high filtration efficiency of 99.97% for PM_0.3–2.5 under a high airflow velocity of 10 cm s^?1. A practical vehicle exhaust filter to capture particles with filtration efficiency of >98.3% is also assembled. Hence, the YSZ nanofiber sponge has enormous potential to be applied in industry.