INFLUENCE OF GAPS BETWEEN 3-D MULTIPLE FLOATING STRUCTURES ON WAVE FORCES

In the present investigation, influence of gaps between multiple floating structures on wave forces is examined. Strong and complicate hydrodynamic interactions between the floating bodies are observed and the numerical computations have proved the existence of the sharp peak force response on each floating body at some special resonant wave numbers. The resonant wave number is also proved to be around kL =nπ(n = 1, 2, …, ∞) with a corresponding frequency shift. A small yet finite gap width will also give influence on the resonant frequency and resonant amplitude of the wave forces, but when the distance between two aligned boxshaped floating bodies becomes big enough, the hydrodynamic interaction can be neglected. The strong hydrodynamic interaction feature has its own important practical significance for the design of module structures and the links (connection) in the whole floating body system. Moreover, the importance is closely related to the hydro-elasticity analyses of a multiple box-shaped floating body system, in which local loads may be as important as the integrated loads.     

Active control of functionally graded laminated cylindrical shells

An analytical method on active vibration control of smart FG laminated cylindrical shells with thin piezoelectric layers is presented based on Hamilton’s principle. The thin piezoelectric layers embedded on inner and outer surfaces of the smart FG laminated cylindrical shell act as distributed sensor and actuator, which are used to control vibration of the smart FG laminated cylindrical shell under thermal and mechanical loads. Here, the modal analysis technique and Newmark’s integration method are used to calculate the dynamic response of the smart FG laminated cylindrical shell with thin piezoelectric layers. Constant-gain negative velocity feedback approach is used for active vibration control with the structures subjected to impact, step and harmonic excitations. The influences of different piezoelectric materials (PZT-4, BaTiO₃ and PZT-5A) and various loading forms on the active vibration control are described in the numerical results.     

Decrease in the dielectric loss of CaCu3Ti4O12 at high frequency by Ru doping

CaCu_3−xRu_xTi₄O₁₂ (x=0, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.07) electronic ceramics were fabricated using a conventional solid-state reaction method. The microstructure, grain sizes and dielectric properties as well as the impedance behaviours of the ceramics were carefully investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) results indicate that ruthenium (Ru) dopant inhibits the growth of grains during the sintering process by promoting the formation of high melting point oxides of Ca and Ti. The study on the frequency dependence of dielectric properties suggests that Ru doping shifts the dielectric loss peak of CCTO to a much lower frequency, thereby reducing the dielectric loss of CCTO at high frequency (f>1.0 MHz) accordingly. When doped with proper amount of Ru, the high frequency dielectric loss of CCTO is reduced to a very low value (tanδ<0.05). Our study conclusively suggests that Ru-doped CCTO, with sufficiently low dielectric loss and decent permittivity, presents potential applications at high frequency.     

车载作用对下沉式道路结构的影响分析

运用有限元数值模拟方法讨论了汽车荷载作用下某下沉式道路结构的变形及受力情况,分析其结构内部可能产生破损的原因及位置,并进一步探讨在结构抗浮底基层厚度及其内部温度伸缩缝间距均保持一定的条件下,沥青混凝土面层模量及厚度、伸缩缝加强层模量及宽度和伸缩缝间距对道路结构应力的影响情况。研究结果表明,该道路极有可能在沥青混凝土面层的底部最先产生滑开型(II型)裂缝;低模量的沥青混凝土面层有利于降低其底部剪应力,且根据计算结果提供了该道路结构中沥青混凝土面层的理想厚度;伸缩缝加强层模量的适当提高有利于降低剪应力大小,并提出了该层的理想宽度;同时,还提供了车载作用下理想的伸缩缝宽度。     

Effects of moisture and electrode material on AlN-based resistive random access memory

Resistive random access memory (RRAM) has been developed as a next-generation nonvolatile memory because of its fast operation speed, low power consumption, high density, and simple structure. Non-oxide materials such as AlN-based RRAM also exhibit low operation energy and large on/off ratios. However, AlN-based RRAM may deteriorate upon oxidation when exposed to air/moisture. In addition, chemical reactivity between the electrode and the switching layer material affects device stability. In this study, four kinds of top electrode materials (Al, Ti, TiN, and Pt) were used in an AlN/TiN stack and a water-resistant encapsulation layer was used to prevent the degradation of AlN-based RRAM. The electrical properties of the device were measured at weekly intervals for 7 weeks. The devices containing Al and Ti top electrodes showed degradation of resistance states despite being encapsulated in a thin Al2O3 layer. In contrast, the devices with TiN and Pt electrodes maintained their resistance states and switching properties regardless of the encapsulation layer. These trends in degradation can be explained by the electrode and AlN reactivity with moisture based on fundamental thermodynamics.     

Design philosophy of flat ribbon wound layered pressure vessel

ASME Code Case 2229 provides minimum requirements for designing and constructing flat ribbon wound layered pressure vessel. The author has worked in this field for more than 10 years and describes the design philosophy of the flat ribbon wound layered pressure vessel through four parts: strength calculation, fatigue strength, engineering design, and nozzle reinforcements. A new joint construction between ribbon wound shell and hemispherical head thinner than shell and comments on the Code Case are also given.     

A robust surrogate model of a solid oxide cell based on an adaptive polynomial approximation method

Surrogate models that predict the behaviors of solid oxide cells (SOCs) accurately at low computational cost are crucial to the control and optimization of SOC plants. Lumped physical models of SOCs, while widely used in such applications, lack accuracy because of neglected physical details. Data-driven models are the other options of surrogate models, which are proved to be more accurate because these models are identified directly from experiments or numerical simulations. However, due to the time cost of experiments and numerical simulations of SOCs, it is hoped that data-driven models can be constructed from a minimum amount of data. Also, the trained data-driven models should be robust, in other words, insensitive to the data set as well as the initial settings. These requirements are hard to be achieved by existing data-driven models of SOCs, such as lookup tables and artificial neural networks (ANNs). Aiming to preserve robustness and reduce the required amount of data, this paper introduces an adaptive polynomial approximation (APA) method, which is derived from the latest findings of numerical computation science, to the surrogate modeling of SOCs. The obtained models by the APA method are validated by both experiments and simulations. By analyzing the models, the coupling relationship among operating parameters of SOCs is revealed. The physical interpretability makes the APA method distinctive from common data-driven modeling methods. Performance comparison shows that the APA method is more accurate and robust than the existing ones with similar sampling costs. Additionally, the APA method can control the accuracy of the model by setting an error criterion in the algorithm iteration, endowing the APA method with an error control ability as per different accuracy requirements for SOC modeling.     

The effects of preparation temperature on the SiCf/SiC 3D4d woven composite

Continuous silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon carbide matrix (SiC_f/SiC) composites have promising applications in aero-engine due to their unique advantages, such as low density, high modulus and strength, outstanding high temperature resistance and oxidation resistance. As SiC fibers are main reinforcements in SiC_f/SiC composites, the crystallization rate and initial damage degree of SiC fibers are seriously influenced by preparation temperatures of SiC_f/SiC composites, namely mechanical properties of SiC fibers and SiC_f/SiC composites are influenced by preparation temperatures. In this paper, KD-II SiC fibers were woven into 3D4d preforms and SiC matrix was fabricated by PIP process at 1100 °C, 1200 °C, 1400 °C and 1600 °C. Digital image correlation (DIC) method was adopted to measure the uniaxial tensile properties of these SiC_f/SiC composites. In addition, finite element method (FEM) based on representative volume element (RVE) was adopted to predict the mechanical properties of SiC_f/SiC composites. The good agreements between numerical results and experimental results of uniaxial tensile tests verified the validity of the RVE. In last, the transverse tensile, transverse shear, uniaxial shear properties were predicted by this method. The predicted results illustrated that axial tensile, transverse tensile and axial shear properties were greatly influenced by the preparation temperatures of SiC_f/SiC composites while transverse shear properties were not significantly various. And the mechanical properties of SiC_f/SiC composites peaked at 1200 °C among these four temperatures while their values reached their lowest points at 1600 °C because of thermal damage and brittle failure of SiC_f/SiC composites.     

Evolution algorithms in combinatorial optimization

Evolution algorithms for combinatorial optimization have been proposed in the 70's. They did not have a major influence. With the availability of parallel computers, these algorithms will become more important.In this paper we discuss the dynamics of three different classes of evolution algorithms: network algorithms derived from the replicator equation, Darwinian algorithms and genetic algorithms inheriting genetic information.We present a new genetic algorithm which relies on intelligent evolution of individuals. With this algorithm, we have computed the best solution of a famous travelling salesman problem. The algorithm is inherently parallel and shows a superlinear speedup in multiprocessor systems.     

水上和水下提取次表层海水冷量的对比和分析

夏季的酷热迫使人们耗费大量能源以维持狭窄的温度环境,城市空调负荷节节攀升;近在身边的海中,表层以下巨大的水团静静地安卧,闲置着天然的冷量.冷媒水与海水在海中进行换热,是实现水下直接提取海洋冷量的构想.与陆上提取冷量方案的对比,可以证明其技术优势和节能效果.水下取冷方案甚至可应用于高盐度海区,并提高海水与冷媒水的换热温差,以提升海水冷量利用率;采用自来水作为冷媒水,不需要对海水进行处理,也不会出现管道堵塞的故障;作为空调系统回水的自来水,又可用作其它工业或生活用途.该方案在提供相同冷媒水流量的条件下,输水耗功减少幅度达到90%.