微气泡水力空化强化混凝除藻的试验研究

利用微气泡水力空化装置强化混凝沉淀去除水体中的藻类。结果表明,微气泡水力空化可以有效地提高混凝除藻效果,减少混凝剂用量。当混凝剂投加量为1 mg/L时,水力空化预处理5 min,对藻类的去除率较空白样提高13%,而空化预处理20 min则藻类去除率提高30%。对藻类的去除率均为65%时,1 h的水力空化可以减少50%的混凝剂投加量。微气泡水力空化时间和空气流量对强化混凝效果有很大的影响,在空化处理时间为10~20 min、空气流量为0.5~0.8L/min的条件下,可以达到最优的除藻效果。p H值的变化也直接影响除藻率,在p H值=8的弱碱性条件下,对藻类的去除效果最为理想。水力空化也可以提高混凝对UV254和浊度的去除效果。     

Effect of fouling reduction by ozone backwashing in a microfiltration system with advanced new membrane material

The effect of ozone back washing for membrane fouling reduction was experimentally investigated in a submerged metal membrane microfiltration system. A cleaning by intermittent ozone gas backwashing was effective in recovering the permeation flux. Intermittent ozone backwashing was highly effective than the air or permeates backwashing for flux recovery. Regarding the operational parameters, the increase of ozone gas flow rate was more effective than the increase of injection time under the conditions of same ozone dose. However, the backwashing cycle was longer, the effect of flux recovery by ozone backwashing decreased. Therefore, it is favorable to operate membrane cleaning before the foulant was consolidated on membrane surface.     

Synthesis,structure, and adsorption properties of a three-dimensional porous yttrium–organic coordination network

Deprotonation of 4,4′-biphenyldicarboxylic acid (H₂BPDC) with triethylamine followed by the copolymerization with Y(III) in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) at room temperature yields a new three-dimensional (3-D) porous metal–organic coordination network, [Y₂(BPDC)₃(DMF)₂(H₂O)₂]_n · (DMF)_n · (H₂O)_n (1). Compound 1 (C_24.50H₁₉N_1.50O₉Y) crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group (a = 8.220 (2), b = 13.998 (4), c = 14.212 (4) Å, α = 111.058 (5)°, β = 90.187 (5)°, γ = 94.318 (5)°, V = 1520.9 (7) ų, and Z = 2). X-ray crystallography reveals that 1 consists of a 3-D framework contained open 1-D channels with the dimension of 5 × 10 Å along the crystallographic a axis. The adsorption measurements show that compound 1 can adsorb N₂, Ar and CO₂ into its pores. The adsorption isotherms for MeOH and H₂O were also measured.     

生物硅藻土-动态膜生物反应器处理微污染原水的研究

以硅藻土作为基材开发了一种新型给水处理技术——生物硅藻土-动态膜反应器,并对该工艺系统处理微污染原水的去除性能进行了小试研究.结果表明,在通量为40 L/(m2.h)的条件下,系统对浊度有较好的去除效果,且出水浊度均在1 NTU以下.本工艺对CODMn和UV254也有较好的去除效果,去除率分别达58.14%和45.8%,这主要是由于硅藻土吸附、微生物降解和动态膜的分离作用;同时,反应器对氨氮的去除率也较好,达到90%以上,这主要基于反应器内微生物的分解作用.     

Modeling and optimization of photocatalytic/photoassisted-electro-Fenton like degradation of phenol using a neural network coupled with genetic algorithm

Oxidation of phenol in aqueous media using supported TiO₂ nanoparticles coupled with photoelectro-Fenton-like process using Mn²⁺ cations as catalyst of electro-Fenton reaction was studied. The influence of the basic operational parameters such as initial pH of the solution, applied current, initial Mn²⁺ concentration, initial phenol concentration and kind of ultraviolet (UV) light on the oxidizing efficiency of phenol was studied. An artificial neural network (ANN) model was coupled with genetic algorithm to predict phenol oxidizing efficiency and to find an optimal condition for maximum phenol removal. The findings indicated that ANN provided reasonable predictive performance (R² = 0.949).     

Bio-diatomite dynamic membrane reactor for micro-polluted surface water treatment

This work investigated the feasibility of treating micro-polluted surface water for drinking water production with a bio-diatomite dynamic membrane reactor (BDDMR) at lab-scale in continuous-flow mode. Results indicate that the BDDMR was effective in removing COD_Mn, DOC, UV₂₅₄, NH₃-N and trihalomethanes' formation potential (THMFP) at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 3.5 h due to its high concentrations of mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) and mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS). The removal of pollutants was mainly ascribed to microbial degradation in BDDMR because the dynamic membrane alone was much less effective in pollutant removal. Though the diatomite particles (5-20 μm) were much smaller in size than the aperture of the stainless steel support mesh (74 μm), microorganisms and their extracellular polymer substances could bind these particles tightly to form bio-diatomite particles which were completely retained by the support mesh. The analysis of molecular weight (MW) distribution by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) shows that the BDDMR could effectively remove the hydrophilic fraction of dissolved organic materials present in the raw water.     

Evaluation of a new On-Stream Supercritical Fluid Deposition process for sol–gel preparation of silica-based membranes on tubular supports

A novel “On-Stream Supercritical Fluid Deposition” (OS-SFD) process has been investigated in this work coupling the sol–gel chemistry and a filtration/compression operation in supercritical CO₂ (sc-CO₂), for the production of uniform membranes on/in porous ceramic tubular supports. The versatility of this process allows both the direct formation of thin coatings on porous tubular membrane supports but also their internal modification. An attractive on-line control of the deposition process was operated by recording the transmembrane pressure evolution during membrane formation. Silica membranes were directly deposited on macroporous supports (155 mm long α-Al₂O₃, with 200 nm pore sizes) from TEOS derived sols dissolved in sc-CO₂ and transported to the tubular support where the condensation/gelation and deposition occurred. The deposition mechanism has been correlated with the sol–gel transition in sc-CO₂ conditions and the impact of the deposition temperature, sol formulation and sc-CO₂ flow rate on the membrane characteristics (morphology, weight increase and single gas permeance) have been discussed. Supersaturation and precipitation of transported clusters followed by their condensation and gelation were found as key parameters controlling the silica-based membrane design and microstructure/compacity of the silica network.