Oxidation behavior of oxidation protective coatings for C/C-SiC composites at 1 500℃

Porous carbon/carbon preforms were infiltrated with melted silicon to form C/C-SiC composites. Three-layer Si-Mo coating prepared by slurry painting and SiC/Si-Mo multilayer coating prepared by chemical vapor deposition(CVD) alternated with slurry painting were applied on C/C-SiC composites, respectively. The oxidation of three samples at 1 500 ℃ was compared. The results show that the C/C-SiC substrate is distorted quickly. Three-layer Si-Mo coating is out of service soon due to the formation of many bubbles on surface. The mass loss of coated sample is 0.76% after 1 h oxidation. The sample with SiC/Si-Mo multilayer coating gains mass even after 105 h oxidation. SiC/Si-Mo multilayer coating can provide longtime protection for C/C-SiC composites and has excellent thermal shock resistance. This is attributed to the combination of dense SiC layer and porous Si-Mo layer. Dense SiC layer plays the dual role of physical and chemical barrier, and resists the oxidation of porous Si-Mo layer. Porous Si-Mo layer improves the thermal shock resistance of the coating.     

新成形剂流变性能及其热脱脂特性

对新开发的几种硬质合金挤压成形剂的流变性能与脱脂行为进行了深入的研究,发现成形剂的设计及混炼决定其流变性能与脱脂行为,合理地选择成形剂的组成及配比是挤压成形新工艺技术的关键。实验条件下测得成形剂组织均匀,粘流活化能在８０～１１５ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ之间,粘度对温度的依赖性较小;在热脱脂时,成形剂脱除速率较均匀,便于工艺制定与控制     

CaO掺杂对10NiO-NiFe2O4复合陶瓷烧结致密化的影响

采用冷压烧结技术制备了CaO掺杂的10NiO-NiFe2O4复合陶瓷,研究了CaO掺杂量及烧结温度对10NiO-NiFe2O4复合陶瓷物相组成、显微结构及致密度的影响。结果表明:当CaO掺杂量为0~4%(质量分数)时,烧结样品中主要含有NiO和NiFe2O4两种,CaO与10NiO-NiFe2O4陶瓷组分反应并形成低熔点相,且Ca2 离子固溶到基体组分中,促进致密化烧结,降低了烧结温度;当CaO掺杂量为4%时,过剩的CaO存在于陶瓷颗粒间,抑制了致密化过程的进行;于1 200℃烧结时,2?O掺杂样品的相对密度最大,达到98.75%,比未掺杂样品的相对密度提高近24%;当烧结温度从1 200当升高到1 400℃时,CaO掺杂量为0、0.5%和1.0%的样品相对密度提高20%以上,但当CaO掺杂量为2%和4%时,陶瓷样品相对密度反而下降,且晶粒明显长大。     

CaO掺杂10NiO-NiFe2O4复合陶瓷的导电性能

研究添加剂CaO含量和烧结温度对CaO掺杂10NiO-NiFe2O4复合陶瓷的物相组成和电导率的影响。结果表明:CaO含量在0~4%范围内,烧结试样的X射线衍射谱仅有NiO和NiFe2O4的衍射峰;10NiO-NiFe2O4复合陶瓷在空气中升温过程存在明显的吸氧和失氧行为;CaO含量对1 473 K烧结的10NiO-NiFe2O4复合陶瓷的电导率影响显著;当CaO含量为0~1%时,随测试温度的升高,材料电导率逐渐增大,随后在773~923 K出现1~2个数量级的突降,然后重新缓慢增大;当CaO含量为2%和4%(质量分数,下同)时,材料电导率在298~1 233 K范围内随着测试温度的升高而增大;2?O掺杂10NiO-NiFe2O4复合陶瓷在不同测试温度下均具备最高电导率,1 233 K下达到16.29 S/cm,远高于未掺杂试样的1.03 S/cm;烧结温度由1 473 K提高到1 573 K时,未掺杂试样在1 233 K时电导率提高近15倍,2?O掺杂试样1 233 K时电导率略有提高。     

Effect of Yb addition on precipitation and microstructure of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloys

Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloys with different Yb contents were prepared by ingot metallurgy and thermomechanical treatment. The effect of Yb addition on the precipitation and microstructure of the alloys was investigated using mechanical properties testing, optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and transmission electron microscopy（TEM）. The results show that adding 0.10%-0.35% Yb accelerates the aging hardening process, increases the maximum hardness and the tensile strength of the extruded alloys from room temperature to 300 ℃. Trace Yb element addition refines the grains of the casting alloys from 85 μm to 30 μm, decreases the precipitation temperature of Ω phase. Moreover, the addition of Yb into AI-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy decreases the precipitates size, and improves the density and the thermal stability of.Ω phase between 200 ℃ and 300 ℃.     

Preparation of novel core-shell nanoparticles by electrochemical synthesis

Nanostructural gold/polyaniline core/shell composite particles on conducting electrode ITO were successfully prepared via electrochemical polymerization of aniline based on 4-aminothiophenol （4-ATP） capped Au nanoparticles. The new approach to the fabrication included three steps： preparation of gold nanoparticles as core by pulse electrodeposition; formation of ATP monolayer on the gold particle surface, which served as a binder and an initiator; polymerization of aniline monomer initiated by ATP molecules under controlled voltage lower than the voltammetric threshold of aniline polymerization, which assured the formation of polyaniline shell film occurred on gold particles selectively Topographic images were also studied by AFM, which indicated the diameter of gold nanoparticles were around 250 run. Coulometry characterization confirmed the shell thickness of polyaniline film was about 30 nm A possible formation mechanism of the Au/polyaniline core-shell nanocomposites was also proposed. The novel as-prepared core-shell nanoparticles have potential application in constructing biosensor when bioactive enzymes are absorbed or embedded in polyaniline shell film.     

机械活化热压制备CuCr50触头材料的组织与性能

采用机械合金化（MA）活化CuCr50粉末，然后对MA粉进行真空热压制备出CuCr50触头材料。结果表明，CuCr50MA粉为亚稳态过饱和固溶体，这种过饱和固溶体在随后的热压过程中发生脱溶现象。随脱溶程度的不同，CuCr50块体材料的组织与性能也发生相应的变化。由于MA活化作用，使得CuCr50MA粉在较低的温度保压较短的时间内便获得了致密度高的块体材料，并且第二相cr分布均匀，尺寸细小，其综合性能优于其它工艺方法获得的CuCr50触头材料。     

WC-Co梯度硬质合金的本构关系及应用

功能梯度硬质合金实现了高硬度与高强度的完美结合. 然而, 由于材料成分及物性的梯度变化使得材料内部的残余热应力影响了产品的性能. 为了分析制备及服役过程中梯度硬质合金中残余应力的影响, 通过定义弹性约束因子和引入塑性约束因子得到了材料的弹塑性本构关系. 将此本构模型结合有限元方法得到了梯度硬质合金内部残余热应力的分布. 数值计算结果表明: 残余热应力主要集中在样品近表面的梯度区. 在富钴区出现了拉应力, 而在表明出现了压应力, 表面最大压应力有380MPa. 同时, 采用X射线衍射法测试了样品的表面应力, 得到的结果是-379.75Mpa. 实验观测与数值模型符合较好.     

金刚石涂层硬质合金刀具涂层的研究和应用进展

通过对硬质合金基体前处理,金刚石涂层形核、生长以及金刚石涂层刀具在加工高硅铝合金、特种石墨和复合材料等材料中的应用的研究分析,揭示出低的金刚石涂层与基体的结合力是涂层刀具失效的主要原因。特种石墨、高硅铝合金和复合材料具有不同的加工特性,加工对应材料所需金刚石涂层类型应有所区别,具有较高结合力的微米/纳米复合涂层是通用性较好的涂层。具有产能大、工艺稳定、刀具质量可靠、生产效率高的成套设备是未来金刚石涂层刀具生产装备的发展方向。     

纳米羟基磷灰石的精氨酸修饰及其基因转染活性（英文）

为了提高羟基磷灰石(HAp)纳米颗粒的基因转染效能,采用水热合成法制备精氨酸表面修饰的羟基磷灰石(HAp/Arg)纳米颗粒。利用透射电镜、原子力显微镜、Zeta电位分析仪对HAp/Arg纳米颗粒及其与DNA结合的复合物的形貌、晶粒尺寸和zeta电位进行表征;采用凝胶电泳实验研究HAp/Arg对DNA的负载与保护性能;采用MTT和LDH法,选取人正常血管内皮细胞和人肿瘤细胞Hela细胞,考察HAp/Arg纳米颗粒的细胞毒性,及其负载基因的转染活性。结果表明:制备的HAp/Arg粒径较均匀,呈短棒状,尺寸为50~90 nm;在pH=7.4时,HAp/Arg的表面净电荷均值为35.8 mV,可负载DNA静电效应浓缩形成HAp/Arg-DNA复合物,同时对结合的DNA有明显的保护作用和转染活性,并无细胞毒性。经精氨酸表面修饰的HAp可成为一种有效的基因结合载体。