面向资源共享与协作的仪器设备网格

仪器设备的全面共享与协作是当今科学研究快速发展的必然要求.网格技术的出现,为实现仪器设备的深层次共享与协作带来了新的思路和可能.本文概述网格的基本概念、特点及应用,总结国内外仪器设备网格的研究现状及其关键技术,在此基础上.尝试对仪器设备网格资源共享与协作的发展及应用前景做出展望.     

Effect of thermal cycles on microstructure of reduced activation steel fabricated using laser melting deposition

Reduced activation steel was successfully fabricated by laser melting deposition employing a Gaussian and a ring-shaped laser.The microstructure evolution of th...     

Power sources and electrical recharging strategies for implantable medical devices

Implantable medical devices (IMDs) are critically requested for the survival of patients subject to certain serious diseases such as bradycardia, fibrillation, diabetes, and disability, etc. Appropriate working of an active implantable medical device (IMD) heavily relies on the continuous supply of electricity. In this sense, long-term powering and recharging of an IMD via a highly safe, efficient and convenient way is, therefore, extremely important in clinics. Several conventional batteries, such as lithium cell, nuclear cell and bio-fuel cell, etc., have been developed to power IMDs. Meanwhile, the recharge of IMD from outside of the human body is also under investigation. In this paper, some of the most typical IMD batteries are reviewed. Their advantages and disadvantages are compared. In addition, several emerging innovations to recharge or directly drive the implanted batteries, including electromagnetic energy transmission, piezoelectric power generation, thermoelectric devices, ultrasonic power motors, radio frequency recharging and optical recharging methods, etc., are also discussed. Some fundamental and practical issues thus involved are summarized, and future prospects in this area are made.     

Modeling of an anode-supported Ni-YSZ|Ni-ScSZ|ScSZ| LSM-ScSZ multiple layers SOFC cell: Part II. Simulations and discussion

In part I of the present study, a two-dimensional isothermal mechanistic model of a composite yttria/scandia stabilized zirconia anode-supported multiple layers solid oxide fuel cell (Ni-YSZ|Ni-ScSZ|ScSZ|LSM-ScSZ) was developed, calibrated and validated using a button cell setup. In this paper, the model was further validated for extended operating conditions of fuel and oxidant compositions, which confirmed the robustness of the model. Since an important attribute of this model is its ability to accurately describe the effect of cell microstructure on cell performance, a large section of part II is devoted to sensitivity analysis of various microstructure parameters (cathode area, porosity, layer thickness and particle radius) on cell performance. In particular, the simulation results have shown how the button cell microstructure should be modified to optimize its performance. The proposed model could be used as a bridge between micro-scale electrode models and macro-scale unit cell simulation, thus being a useful tool for electrode design.     

Removal of perchlorate from aqueous solution using protonated cross-linked chitosan

Protonated cross-linked chitosan was used to remove perchlorate from aqueous solution. Adsorption isotherms, the effects of pH and co-existing anions on the adsorption process, proper actual contact time in the adsorption column and the regeneration ability of the adsorbent were investigated. The equilibrium data fitted well with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, and the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was 45.455 mg g^?1. To balance the protonated degree of the amino groups and the effect of the ion competing on adsorption capacity, the optimal pH value was determined to be about 4.0. Column adsorption results indicated that the proper actual contact time was 8.1 min and the effluent perchlorate could be steadily kept below 24.5 μg L^?1 up to about 95 bed volumes with the influent perchlorate of 10 mg L^?1. The presence of other anions weakened the perchlorate adsorption, especially the high valence anion such as sulfate. The adsorbents could be well regenerated by sodium hydroxide solution with pH 12 and reused at least for 15 cycles. Electrostatic attraction as well as physical force was the main driving force for perchlorate adsorption.     

一种用于智能空间的多目标跟踪室内定位系统

定位系统是智能空间位置感知计算的基础部件,它不仅要能较精确定位多目标,而且在方向性、可携带性等方面也要满足要求.文中设计了一种室内定位系统Cicada,该系统基于射频和超声波到达时间差来测量距离,并采用滑窗滤波和卡尔曼滤波的方法计算位置.实验表明它对静止和移动目标都能提供平均5cm的定位精度,拥有全向型的工作区域,便于携带,具有较好的规模伸缩度以及易部署性,能较全面地满足智能空间定位的需求.     

水石流的输沙浓度与流动速度

自然界水石流以粗颗粒为主体 ,仍有一部分作悬移运动的细颗粒存在 ,这种情况下 ,水石流输沙浓度不仅与沟道纵坡有关 ,还与细颗粒含量有关。研究表明 ,水石流中细颗粒的存在 ,其输沙浓度比相同纵坡下没有细颗粒时有很大提高。由于水石流中细颗粒所占比重小 ,故其液相流速可以通过对一般水流流速公式的阻力因子进行修正获得。水石流的流速随其浓度增加而减少 ,在相同浓度下 ,水石流流速还因细颗粒含量大小而变化 ,在浓度较低时 (Sv <0 4 5 )影响还不明显 ,在浓度较高时 (Sv>0 4 5 ) ,细颗粒含量增加 ,使同浓度水石流的流动速度提高。笔者求得的水石流流速公式 ,经实际观测资料检验 ,结果满意