Embedded processor based automated assessment of quality of the water in an IoT background

For the life of human beings, water is necessary. While nearly 70% of the earth is drained, just 3% are known to be fresh water. Moreover, approximately 2.6% of the cooling water is not accessible to people. They are either trapped in glaciers and polar ice caps, contained in the soil or water, heavily poisoned, or unnecessarily drained below the Earth's surface. So only 0.4% of the drinkable water in the world is shared by the 7 billion inhabitants. Fresh water is therefore a valuable resource to be regulated and properly maintained. Only 80% of liquid fresh water should not be available to the public in many developing countries. By exponentially increasing the population of India, Fresh Water management in the farming, manufacturing and other fields is much more critical because of water requirements. “Physical, biological and chemical” parameters can be analyzed in determining the Fresh Water Quality. The scientists will manually carry out traditional water quality sampling. Nonetheless, this method takes a little bit of time and is cost-effective. Now, the IoT technology is used to track, capture and analyze the data in various fields of research. In this paper, we design a low-cost system to achieve water value in an IOT environment. The system consists of several sensors used for the calculation of chemical and physical water parameters. The machine learning algorithm has also been used to forecast water quality based on its data set, which were learned from a number of water samples. This system was modeled by using the U D00* 86 Ultra and Teensy++2.0 data processors at low budgets.     

Design and of analysis of SPDT Ohmic RF MEMS switch

Microsystem Technologies - This paper reports on the simulation and analysis of Ohmic SPDT (single pole double throw) switch for telecommunication application. A comparative study is performed by...     

Effects of Cattaneo–Christov heat flux analysis on heat and mass transport of Casson nanoliquid past an accelerating penetrable plate with thermal radiation and Soret–Dufour mechanism

In this analysis, the effect of Catteneo–Christov model on heat alongside mass transport magnetohydrodynamics of a Casson nanoliquid with thermal radiation and Soret–Dufour mechanism is considered. The fluid flow is considered through porous media as the thermophysical attributes such as viscosity along with thermal conductivity are considered to be constant. Suitable similarity transformations were employed on the governing coupled flow equation to yield total differential equations (ODE). An accurate and newly developed spectral method called spectral homotopy analysis method (SHAM) was employed to provide solution to the simplified equations. The numerical method of homotopy analysis method (HAM) is SHAM. SHAM portrays the division of nonlinear equations into linear as well as nonlinear parts. The findings in this study show that an increment in the Casson parameter is seen to elevate the velocity plot at the wall and lessen the velocity far away from the plate. An increase in the Brownian motion and thermophoresis term is observed to speed up the local skin friction coefficient.     

Interference and Complexity Reduction in Multi-stage Multi-user Detection in DS-CDMA

Multi-stage parallel interference cancellation (PIC) technique gives good performance compared to successive interference cancellation (SIC) method, but biased decision statistic and complexity problems are raised due to imperfect estimation of multiple access interference (MAI) as number of stages increases. partial parallel interference cancellation (PPIC) technique is proposed to cancel the interference partially stage by stage to overcome biased problem. The complexity reduction for PIC detection is based on the convergence nature of interference cancellation which is called the difference PIC (D-PIC) detection technique. In this paper we combine (PPIC and DPIC) these two techniques and propose a multi-stage multi-user (PD-PIC) detector for performance improvement and complexity reduction compared to conventional PIC detector. The performance is degraded as the number of users increases in each technique.     

Study on 2.0 μm fluorescence of Ho-doped water-free fluorotellurite glasses

Ho³⁺-doped water-free fluorotellurite glasses with composition of 60TeO₂–30ZnF₂–10NaF (mol%, TZNF60) were made by using specially-designed physical and chemical dehydration technique. 2.04 μm fluorescence (Ho³⁺: ⁵I₇ → ⁵I₈) was observed experimentally and presented in this paper: A broad bandwidth of ∼149 nm, large simulated emission cross-section of 7.2 × 10⁻²¹ cm², and the longest reported fluorescence lifetime of ∼10 ms among all the reported Ho³⁺-doped oxide glasses. Thanks to the absence of OH groups and low phonon energy with the addition fluorides into tellurite oxide glasses, 1.00Ho-TZNF60 glass demonstrates the maximum figure of merit (σ_em × τ_f) of 7.13 × 10⁻²⁷ m² s, thus regarded as a promising optical material for the development of 2.0 μm fiber lasers.     

Management of reactive power sharing & power quality improvement with SRF-PAC based UPQC under unbalanced source voltage condition

This paper is proposed to establish a new control algorithm for UPQC (unified power quality conditioner) to improve power quality and manage effectively equal reactive power sharing between shunt and series inverter of UPQC under unbalanced source voltage condition. The extraction of instantaneous power angle for reactive power sharing faces difficulty with unbalanced source voltage condition. This paper presents a new SRF (synchronous reference frame) based PAC (power angle control) method using decoupled load current parameters for efficient utilization and coordination of UPQC inverters. The proposed controller contributes in improvement of source current and load voltage harmonic profile, provides efficient way of load reactive power compensation and load voltage compensation for sag, swell and unbalanced condition. Effect of source voltage variations in the form of sag, swell or unbalancing on variable power angle estimation and reactive power calculations are also validated through a mathematical analysis. SRF based PAC control approach and PAC based UVT (unit vector template) control approach is adapted for estimating the reference signals of shunt and series inverter respectively and thus reducing the need of extra computation. The simulation and experimental analysis is carried out using Matlab/Simulink software package for computer simulation and a dSPACE based experimental setup for real time verifications.     

Optimizing machining parameters of wire-EDM process to cut Al7075/SiCp composites using an integrated statistical approach

Metal matrix composites (MMCs) as advanced materials, while producing the components with high dimensional accuracy and intricate shapes, are more complex and cost effective for machining than conventional alloys. It is due to the presence of discontinuously distributed hard ceramic with the MMCs and involvement of a large number of machining control variables. However, determination of optimal machining conditions helps the process engineer to make the process efficient and effective. In the present investigation a novel hybrid multi-response optimization approach is proposed to derive the economic machining conditions for MMCs. This hybrid approach integrates the concepts of grey relational analysis (GRA), principal component analysis (PCA) and Taguchi method (TM) to derive the optimal machining conditions. The machining experiments are planned to machine Al7075/SiCp MMCs using wire-electrical discharge machining (WEDM) process. SiC particulate size and its weight percentage are explicitly considered here as the process variables along with the WEDM input variables. The derived optimal process responses are confirmed by the experimental validation tests and the results showed satisfactory. The practical possibility of the derived optimal machining conditions is also analyzed and presented using scanning electron microscope examinations. According to the growing industrial need of making high performance, low cost components, this investigation provide a simple and sequential approach to enhance the WEDM performance while machining MMCs.     

The effect of a bio additive on the viscosity and the energy requirement on heavy crude oil flow

The influence of potato starch as natural additive on the flow of heavy crude oil-water in pipeline was investigated. Measured parameters were viscosity, drag, energy analysis and power requirement in a horizontal pipeline at various temperatures, flow rates and concentrations of potato starch. It was found that addition of 2000 ppm potato starch to the 85% Heavy crude oil+15% water mixture at 40°C decreased viscosity by 80.24% and head loss by 7.55 × 10^{? 4}?m at 60 LPM. Drag reduced up to 91% and power saving increased up to 38.24% after adding 2000 ppm of potato starch to same mixture at 60 LPM.     

Luminescence properties of a red phosphor europium tungsten oxide Eu2WO6

Eu₂WO₆ was synthesized by the conventional solid state reaction method. Crystal phase was characterized by the X-ray powder diffraction. The excitation and emission spectra indicate that this phosphor can be effectively excited by near UV (395 nm) and blue light (465 nm), and the emission spectra exhibit a satisfactory red performance at 611 nm, which is due to the characteristic ⁵D₀?⁷F₂ transitions of Eu³⁺ ions. The luminescence intensities and color purity were investigated by increasing the fired temperature. The phosphor shows stable luminescence and color purity at high temperature.