土—结构相互作用体系的非线性随机地震反应

对土—结构相互作用体系的非线性进行随机分析,将地震地面运动模拟为零均值平稳高斯过程,建立了土—结构相互作用体系的运动方程.考虑多层剪切型钢筋混凝土框架结构非线性和地基土的非线性以及基础埋深对相互作用的体系反应的影响,把地基土的作用转化为作用在基础边界上的弹簧-阻尼器.算例表明:地基土的非线性特性所造成的层间错动比上部结构非线性特性所造成的层间错动大,也就是说,考虑地基土非线性特性比仅考虑上部结构非线性特性结构体系的破坏更严重.     

水电工程对河流生态系统的胁迫及对策研究

在人类进化史上,人类活动无时无刻地对河流进行着改造,对河流生态系统产生了重要影响,例如修建水坝、渠道、农业活动、林业、采矿业、放牧、娱乐、城市化和外来物种入侵等.就水电工程对河流生态系统的胁迫进行研究,并提出了减轻对河流生态系统胁迫的对策.     

WHDF增强密实(抗裂)剂对改进面板砼抗裂性能的影响

WHDF增强密实(抗裂)剂,是一种应用于面板堆石坝面板混凝土抗裂的高性能外加剂。笔者运用化学热力学和动力学等研究方法,从砼的微观结构着手,研究水泥水化机理,把水泥水化程度和水化产物与外加剂的抗裂作用机理结合起来研究,使得WHDF抗裂剂能促进水泥水化程度,优化水化产物和协同激发砼中活性混合材料与Ca(OH)2进行二次水化,从而提高砼中凝胶量,降低孔隙率,改善水泥石及其与骨料界面的结构,增强凝胶的粘结力,使砼具有良好的抗裂性能。湖北小溪口电站等近十个水电工程的面板混凝土掺用WHDF后,混凝土表面平滑光泽,均无收缩裂缝产生。     

基于冗余表决的行波小波系数极大值极性法配电网接地故障选线原理研究

研究了配电网中单相接地短路故障时暂态行波的特性,利用母线电压及各线路电流暂态行波0模初始波头的小波系数的极大值极性的特征,构成了新的基于小波分析的故障选线保护判据,通过识别初始波头小波系数的极大值,判断极大值极性特征,并对多次判断结果进行冗余表决,完成故障选线工作。该文利用M atlab建立了一个典型的配电网系统仿真模型,通过编写选线保护仿真程序,完成对仿真结果的计算和分析,证明了此方法的正确和有效,并对应用研究提出了有益的建议。     

新型水库调度自动化系统

主要对具有可组态的、多阶层的新型水库调度自动化系统进行了分析， 并简要介绍国家电力调度中心水库调度自动化系统的部分应用情况。     

降低双电层电容器等效内阻的实验研究

为降低双层电容器等效内阻,扩大其输出电流,分析了双电层电容器内阻的形成机理,得出其等效串联内阻的主要影响因素为高电导率电解液的选取、极化电极的制备、极化电极和集电极的接触电阻以及封装工艺等。据此,用高比表面积的工业活性炭制备出比电容高达143.73F/g,等效串联内阻仅为113mΩ的电极材料。对电解液浓度、极化电极、集电极以及隔膜等因素影响的实验分析表明:降低双电层电容器等效串联电阻的有效措施为减少集电极和极化电极、引线和电极之间的接触电阻,采用低电阻率的高性能电极材料和电解液。     

Dry three-body abrasive wear behavior of WC reinforced iron matrix surface composites produced by V-EPC infiltration casting process

This paper fabricated tungsten carbide (WC) particles reinforced iron matrix surface composites on gray cast iron substrate using vacuum evaporative pattern casting (V-EPC) infiltration process, investigated dry three-body abrasive wear resistance of the composites containing different volume fractions of WC particles, comparing with a high chromium cast iron. The fabricated composites contained WC particles of 5, 10, 19, 27, 36, and 52 vol.%, respectively. The results in abrasive wear tests showed that, with the increase in the volume fraction of WC particles, the wear resistance of the composites first increased until reached the maximum when the volume fraction of WC was 27%, then decreased, and was 1.5–5.2 times higher than that of the high chromium cast iron. The changes of the wear resistance of the composites with the volume fraction of WC particles and the mode of material removal in dry three-body abrasive wear condition were analyzed.     

Effects of A-site ionic size on the phase transition behavior of lead-free niobate ceramics

Understanding the phase structure evolution is important for developing high performance lead-free piezoelectric materials. In this work, the effects of A-site ionic size of monovalent ions on the phase transition behaviors for the lead-free niobate ceramics ANbO₃ (A = Li, Na, Ag, and K) are investigated using XRD analysis and dielectric measurement. The iso-valent ionic doping restrains the relaxation behavior that usually appears in the hetero-valent ionic-doped niobate ceramics. The A-site average ionic size of R_A and its ionic radius differences of ΔR_A are found to be crucial influence factors on the phase transition behaviors of the ANbO₃ ceramics. Small Li⁺ doping stabilize tetragonal phase of the ANbO₃ ceramics with R_A > 1.47 Å, but stabilize rhombohedral phase of the ones with R_A < 1.47 Å. On the other hand, The ANbO₃ ceramics without Li⁺ doping prefer to orthorhombic phase due to indistinctive ionic size differences (ΔR_A < 0.25 Å). Our results suggest that a certain phase and phase transition boundary could be designed by appropriate ionic doping for developing the niobate-based lead free piezoelectric ceramics.     

The dielectric constant and quality factor calculation of the microwave dielectric ceramic solid solutions

The dielectric constant of the microwave dielectric ceramic solid solution is usually predicted by the Clausius-Mosotti equation but the quality factor (Q) cannot be precisely calculated. In this paper, it finds that the dielectric constant of the solid solutions also could be well calculated by the Maxwell-Wagner formula, and that the Q of solid solutions can be precisely calculated, by assuming a solid solution as a two or more materials’ mixture.     

Investigation of the MSFR core physics and fuel cycle characteristics

The adoption of Th fuel in fast reactors is being reconsidered due to the potential favorable impact on actinide waste management and resource availability. A closed Th cycle leads to an actinide inventory with lower radiotoxicity and heat load for the first several thousands of years. Due to the typically low TRansUranic (TRU) Conversion Ratio (CR), Th can also be advantageous to expedite the consumption of legacy TRU. One of the main obstacles to the implementation of Th is the highly radioactive recycled fuel which requires remote handling under heavy shielding, inevitably penalizing economics and challenging conventional pin-based fuel manufacturing. From this perspective, the development of liquid-fuelled reactors, with Molten Salt Reactors regarded as the most promising, appears particularly attractive as fuel handling would be greatly simplified. The present paper investigates the fuel cycle performances of the reference GEN-IV Molten Salt Fast Reactor (MSFR) in terms of isotope evolution, radiotoxicity generation and safety-related parameters. Similarly to most MSR concepts proposed in the past, the MSFR is based on the fluoride molten salt technology, but it features the novelty of a fast neutron spectrum. Calculations are performed using state-of-the-art equilibrium-cycle methodologies, i.e., the ERANOS-based EQL3D procedure developed at the Paul Scherrer Institut and extended to the simulation of the MSFR. Selected results have been benchmarked with the Monte Carlo code PSG2/SERPENT. These results have also been used for the assessment of a diffusion module based on the COMSOL multi-physics toolkit, which is the subject of current studies aimed at efficiently simulating the peculiar MSFR transient behavior.