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11.
Macaroon-like FeCo2O4 nanomaterial was prepared and used as electrocatalyst in direct glucose alkaline fuel cell (DGAFC), which exhibited high catalytic activity towards glucose oxidation reaction. Maximum power density of 35.91 W m−2 was achieved in the DGAFC equipped with a FeCo2O4 modified activated carbon (AC) anode, which was almost 151% higher than the control. Physical and electrochemical characterizations were performed to provide further understanding of the origin of its high activity. Our results show that the introduction of FeCo2O4 into the AC anode remarkably increase the exchange current density and reduce the charge transfer resistance. It is supposed that there is a synergistic effect between Fe (III) and Co (III), which accelerates electron transfer from glucose to external circuits. This study will promote the development of cost effective and environmentally benign catalysts for electrochemical energy applications.  相似文献   
12.
An ultrasonic velocity profile (UVP) measurement in high temperature molten glass was presented using buffer rod technique. A ceramic buffer rod was used to transmit ultrasound into molten glass. The rod had a taper shape and porous cladding to suppress trailing echo, which is the spurious echo in the buffer rod measurement. The broadband signal processing method was presented to improve noise tolerance in velocity estimation. This method is based on the phase difference method, which is originally proposed as a narrowband method. Measurable distance of the UVP measurement was investigated combining the buffer rod and the broadband signal processing method. Experiment was conducted at the temperature from 1000 °C to 1200 °C. As a preliminary test, motion tracking in molten glass was successfully demonstrated.  相似文献   
13.
Spherical YAG: Ce particles were successfully synthesized at 350 °C by the molten-salt method. The effect of temperature and amount of salt on the crystallization and particle size of YAG: Ce were investigated thoroughly. The results demonstrated that the powders prepared at 350 °C in salt to reactant ratio 2:1 were pure YAG: Ce phase with 200–300 nm in particle size. The as-synthesized phosphors were later post annealed at 1200 °C in O2, air and N2, respectively. The results showed that the emission intensity of YAG: Ce sensitively depended on the post-treated atmosphere and the phosphor annealed in N2 showed the highest emission intensities and a good thermal stability.  相似文献   
14.
The effect of incorporating self-assembled monolayers of 4-methoxybenzoic acid (MBA) on CdS quantum dot-sensitized (QDSSC) solar cells based on ZnO nanorods was evaluated. The MBA was deposited on the ZnO photoanode, with the deposition time being a process variable. Photoluminescence spectra indicated that the MBA modification can suppress the photogenerated electron–hole recombination processes and presumably passivate the surface defects. The ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy results prove that MBA forms an energy barrier at the interface of ZnO and CdS which may retard the back transfer of electrons. Overall the inclusion of MBA imparts a weak positive enhancement of the photovoltaic performance of these QDSSCs and this is an approach that may be developed to give stronger effects using alternative chemistries.  相似文献   
15.
《Ceramics International》2017,43(18):16348-16355
Lead-free ceramics 47(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3–0.53Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 (BCZT) + 0.2 mol% Tb and xCaCl2 (x = 0.1,0.2 and 0.3 wt%) were prepared at different temperatures (1300, 1350 and 1410 ℃) by solid-state reaction method. The experimental results reveal that dopants can effectively promote the growth of grain at relatively low sintering temperature and CaCl2 as the well sintering aid can produce a pronounced liquid phase to fill the gap between grains sintered at 1410 ℃ with 0.2 wt%. Relative densities and piezoelectric properties of samples can be improved by the introduction of Tb and CaCl2. Comparing with pure BCZT, the residual polarization (Pr) and piezoelectric coefficient (d33*) of ceramics increase from 8.2 to 11.4 μC/cm2 and 568–720 pm/V with 0.2 mol% Tb and 0.2 wt% CaCl2 doped. The enhanced properties of samples may be related to the appearance of liquid phase which can increase relative densities of ceramics to 96% and the form of defect dipole in ceramics. Moreover, introduction of CaCl2 makes dielectric peaks (Tc) move to the high-temperature zone about 13 ℃ and become more and more diffuse (γ = 1.71–1.86), which may have the potential electro-caloric effect application in ferroelectrics.  相似文献   
16.
In this paper,CeO_2 with a pore size of 2-4 nm was synthesized by hydrothermal method.The CeO_2 modified graphene-supported Pt catalyst was prepared by the microwave-assisted ethylene glycol reduction chloroplatinic acid method,and the effect of the addition of CeO_2 prepared by different hydrothermal reaction time on the catalytic performance of Pt-based catalysts was investigated.The microstructures of CeO_2 and catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),specific surface area and pore size analyzer(BET),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and electron spectroscopy(EDAX),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and the catalysts electrochemical performance was tested by electrochemical workstation.The results show that the catalytic performance of the four catalysts with CeO_2 is better than that of the catalyst without CeO_2.Adding CeO_2 with a specific surface area of 120.15 m~2/g prepared by hydrothermal reaction time of 39 h to Pt/C synthesis catalyst,its electrocatalytic performance,stability and resistance to poisoning are the best.The electrochemical active surface area is 102.83 m~2/g,the peak current density of ethanol oxidation is 757.17 A/g and steady-state current density of 1100 s is 108.17 A/g which shows the lowest activation energy for ethanol oxidation reaction.When the cyclic voltammogram is scanned for 500 cycles,the oxidation peak current density retention rate is 87.74%.  相似文献   
17.
We show that the presence of electrically insulating graphite oxide (GO) within a single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) network strongly enhances electrical conductivity, whereas reduced graphite oxide, even though electrically conductive, suppresses electrical conductivity within a composite network with SWCNTs. Measurements of Young’s modulus and of Raman spectra strongly support our interpretation of the “indirect” role of the oxide groups, present in GO within the SWCNT-GO composite, through electronic doping of metallic SWCNTs.  相似文献   
18.
Dielectric properties and varistor performance of sol–gel prepared Ni-doped calcium copper titanate ceramics (CaCu3NixTi4O12+x, x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) were investigated. SEM and XRD were used in the microstructural studies of the specimens and the electrical properties were investigated for varistors. XRD patterns show that the CCTO ceramics were single phase with no Cu-rich phase. SEM results indicated that the samples had smaller grain sizes than those synthesized by traditional solid-state reaction methods. The experimental results show that the highest dielectric constant and lower dielectric loss occur when x=0.2. When x=0.3, the lowest leakage current is obtained and the maximum value reaches 0.295; meanwhile, the lowest threshold voltage and nonlinear coefficient are found, the minimum values of them are 1326 V/mm and 3.1, respectively.  相似文献   
19.
《Ceramics International》2017,43(8):6417-6424
Ferroelectric phase transition characteristic and electrical conduction mechanism of the high Curie-point (TC) 0.15Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3−0.4PbHfO3−0.45PbTiO3 (PMN-PHT) piezoelectric ceramics were studied by the temperature dependent Raman spectra and electrical properties. Sole first-order ferroelectric phase transition is demonstrated by the thermal hysteresis behavior of the temperature dependent dielectric constant and the dramatic drop of the derivative of inverse dielectric constant ξ= d(1/εr)/dT around TC in the PMN-PHT ceramics. The temperature dependent Raman spectroscopy not only provides further evidence for the ferroelectric to paraelectric phase transition appearing around TC in the PMN-PHT ceramics, but also reveals the successive phase symmetry changes of the polar nanoregions (PNRs), in which apparent anomalies appear in the Raman peaks' wavenumber, wavenumber distance, intensity, intensity ratio, and line width of some selected Raman modes upon heating. Typical sole cole-cole circle is obtained for the PMN-PHT ceramics in the temperature range of 440–560 °C, based on which the activation energy (Ea) of the electrical conduction is calculated being ~1.2 eV. Such low value of Ea indicates that the oxygen vacancies formed in the PHT-PMN ceramics induced by the evaporation of Pb during the sintering process dominate the high-temperature extrinsic electrical conduction.  相似文献   
20.
In2S3−xSex and (In2S3)x(In2O3)y thin films have been prepared on glass substrates using appropriate heat treatments of In evaporated thin films. X-ray analysis shows that In thin films which were annealed under sulfur atmosphere at 350 °C were mainly formed by In2S3. A heat treatment of this binary in air at 400 °C during one hour leads to (In2S3)x(In2O3)y ternary material which has a tetragonal structure with a preferred orientation of the crystallites along the (109) direction. Similarly, a heat treatment of In2S3 in selenium atmosphere at 350 °C during six hours leads to a new In2S3−xSex ternary material having tetragonal body centered structure with a preferred orientation of the crystallites along the (109) direction. Optical band gap, refractive index and extinction coefficient values of In2S3−xSex and (In2S3)x(In2O3)y thin films have been reached. Moreover, correlations between optical conductivity, XRD, AFM and Urbach energy of such ternary thin films have been discussed. Finally, the recorded formation disparity between the quaternary (In2S3)x(In2O3)y and ternary In2S3−xSex compounds has been discussed in terms of the Simha–Somcynsky and Lattice Compatibility theories.  相似文献   
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