Simple self-assembly of SnS2 entrapped graphene aerogel and its enhanced lithium storage performance

In this work, SnS₂ nanoplates entrapped graphene aerogel has been successfully prepared by simple self-assembly of reduced graphene oxide obtained through mild chemical reduction. Structural and morphological investigations demonstrated that SnS₂ nanoplates are highly dispersed in the three dimensional (3D) porous graphene matrix. When served as anode material for lithium-ion batteries, the electrochemical properties of SnS₂/graphene aerogel (SnS₂/GA) were evaluated by galvanostatic discharge–charge tests, cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy measurement. Compared with pristine SnS₂, the SnS₂/GA nanocomposite achieved a much higher initial reversible capacity (1186 mAh g⁻¹), superior cyclic stability (1004 mAh g⁻¹ after 60 cycles, corresponding to 84.7% of the initial reversible capacity), as well as better rate capability (650 mAh g⁻¹ at a current density of 1000 mA g⁻¹). This significantly improved lithium storage performance can be attributed to the good integration of SnS₂ nanoplates with 3D porous graphene network, which can not only provide much more active sites and easy access for Li ions intercalation, but also prevent the aggregation of SnS₂ nanoplates and facilitate fast transportation of Li ions and surface electrons during the electrochemical process.     

中国低活化马氏体钢TIG焊焊缝耐液态Pb-Bi腐蚀性能分析

文中研究了中国低活化马氏体（china low activation martensitic,CLAM）钢对接双层TIG焊焊缝在高速流液态Pb-Bi中的腐蚀行为.结果表明,腐蚀的主要特征是元素扩散迁移和表面形成双氧化层结构.焊后热处理改善了CLAM钢焊缝耐液态Pb-Bi腐蚀性能.研究发现试样经760℃保温0.5 h的回火热处理后,耐腐蚀性能最好.均匀细小的马氏体组织有效地提高了焊缝的耐蚀性能,马氏体组织的尺寸大小是焊缝耐蚀性能的决定性因素.试样焊缝区最先损坏,表现为内氧化层中出现裂纹导致氧化层脱落.因此,提高反应堆结构材料焊缝处的耐腐蚀性能可以有效延长结构材料的使用寿命.     

温度对铜表面喷涂层冷热疲劳性的影响及失效机理

文中用等离子喷涂在CuCo2Be表面制备了Cr3C2-NiCr涂层,并分别在500,550,600,650℃进行热震试验,研究温度对其疲劳寿命的影响;选用XRD,SEM,EDS等研究了涂层及化合物相的形成、不同温度热震后涂层内、外表面的微观形貌、氧化产物等.结果表明,涂层呈现层状,化合物为角状Cr3C2-NiCr,涂层与界面的结合以机械结合为主;XRD分析发现涂层中形成了一定非晶相,热震后涂层中存在铜、镍氧化物.分析其热震失效机制为:500℃时主要是热膨胀系数突变引起的应力与氧化共同作用;随热震温度升高,涂层与基体结合处应力增大,涂层失效机制逐步转变为应力主导失效.     

合成皂石为前驱物制备高稳定性含镍介孔分子筛

以无机盐为原料通过控制pH值,用水热法合成含Ni皂石,并以此皂石为前驱物、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为模板剂,制备含Ni介孔分子筛.用X射线粉末衍射、Fourier变换红外光谱、程序升温还原、透射电子显微镜、比表面积和孔径测定等仪器和方法表征样品的物化性能.结果表明:制得了有序性好的含Ni介孔分子筛,其比表面积为811.2m2/g,平均孔径为3.64nm.所制备的含Ni介孔分子筛经850℃焙烧3h或100℃水热处理10d后仍然具有介孔结构,说明样品具有高的(水)热稳定性.     

Facet engineered TiO2 hollow sphere for the visible-light-mediated degradation of antibiotics via ligand-to-metal charge transfer

Efficient removal of tetracycline (TC) under visible-light irradiation over TiO₂-based photocatalysts remains a challenge based on the fact that the reported photocatalytic systems still suffer from weak visible-light absorption and/or inefficient charge separation. Herein, we constructed {101} and {001} facets co-exposed TiO₂ hollow sphere (001-HT) via a gentle NaF treatment, in which the hollow mesoporous feature can trap incident light for a long time to improve photons efficiently. Meanwhile, the as-formed facet heterojunction significantly facilitates the charge separation. As a result, the 001-HT exhibits a high removal rate (~90.1%) of TC under visible-light irradiation, beyond the values of many reported TiO₂-based photocatalysts. Most importantly, we further expound the ligand-to-metal charge transfer mechanism towards TiO₂-assisted degradation of TC under visible-light irradiation, which effectively clarifies the confusion about the origin of pure TiO₂ visible-light activity towards TC degradation because both TiO₂ and TC do not exhibit any visible-light catalytic activity. Therefore, this work provides a new insight in revealing the mechanism of visible-light-mediated TC degradation over pure TiO₂ photocatalyst.     

Improved optical and structural properties of cadmium sulfide nanostructures for optoelectronic applications

In this study, the effect of ZnO seed layer on the growth of uniform CdS nanostructures was investigated using chemical bath deposition technique. Besides, the influence of molar concentration of reagents on the surface morphology, structural and optoelectrical properties of the deposited CdS thin films were examined. The CdS nanostructures were grown on bare glass and ZnO/glass substrates with different reagent molar concentrations. The results indicated an improvement in the homogeneity and uniformity of the grown CdS nanostructures on ZnO seed layer which can be due to the low lattice mismatch between ZnO and CdS structures. The CdS/ZnO samples were optimized by changing the molar concentration of reagents. A three–dimensional intersecting vertical nanosheet morphology with hexagonal structure was obtained when modified chemical concentration of 0.5 M was applied. The XRD pattern of CdS nanosheets indicated the hexagonal phase of CdS which were strongly orientated along (002) plane. The elevated intensity of dominant peak related to this sample confirmed the improved crystal quality of this CdS nanostructure comparing to the other samples. The UV–Vis spectrum demonstrated a high absorption coefficient for CdS intersecting nanosheets which might be due to the high specific surface area and light trapping behavior of this sample. The photoluminescence study also showed an improvement in optical properties of optimized CdS nanostructures. In order to study the optoelectrical properties of CdS nanostructures, metal–semiconductor–metal photodetectors were fabricated with different CdS samples and their current–voltage characteristics were analyzed. The results indicated an enhancement in photosensitivity, responsivity, and speed of photodetectors based on optimized CdS nanostructures.     

Non-linear analyses of temperature oscillations in a closed-loop pulsating heat pipe

In this paper, the chaotic behavior of wall temperature oscillations in a closed-loop pulsating heat pipe was investigated using non-linear analyses on temperature data. The tested heat pipe, consisting of 5 turns, was made of copper capillary tube and had an internal diameter of 2 mm. Ethanol was selected as the working fluid with filling ratios (FR) of 30%, 50% and 70%. Wall temperature fluctuations were recorded under three different heating power inputs of 37, 60, and 87 W. Various methods, including pseudo-phase-plane trajectories, correlation dimensions (D_E), Lyapunov exponents, and recurrence plots, were used to analyze the non-linear dynamics characteristics of temperature oscillation data. Three types of attractors were identified under different power inputs. All of the calculated positive largest Lyapunov exponents were found to be less than 0.1, demonstrating the weak chaos characteristics of the pulsating heat pipe. The increase of the power input augments the correlation dimensions and contributes to the improvement of the thermal performance of the pulsating heat pipe. For each power input, the correlation dimensions have the trend of D_E,FR=50% > D_E,FR=70% > D_E,FR=30%, and the best thermal performance was obtained at 50% filling ratio. At least four independent variables are required in order to describe the heat transfer characteristics of a PHP. The average time of the temperature oscillation stability loss, i.e., the inverse of the largest Lyapunov exponent, decreases as the power input increases. In the recurrence plots, chaotic states were observed. The Recurrence Quantification Analysis indicates larger values of the order-2 Renyi entropies K₂ at the evaporation section than at the condensation section. Moreover, the trend that K_2,Q=87W > K_2,Q=60W > K_2,Q=37W at each filling ratio both for T_e4 and T_c4 collaborating with the positive, finite largest Lyapunov exponent gives a hint of the maximum entropy self-organization process of the temperature oscillations with the increase of power input.     

电流密度对ZA43微弧氧化膜的影响

研究了不同电流密度对ZA43微弧氧化膜层的表面形貌、膜厚、硬度以及膜的组成相的影响等问题。结果表明:随着电流密度的增大,膜层表面的孔洞尺寸变大;氧化膜厚度逐渐增大,但是增加的速度变得缓慢;膜层硬度在一定电流密度范围内增加,最终趋于稳定;膜层主要相成分为α-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3,增加了ZA43高铝锌基合金的表面硬度,耐磨性和耐腐蚀性能。     

MoSe_2纳米片的制备及其摩擦性能

通过固相反应方法合成了MoSe2纳米片,并采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜等对其进行了表征;通过摩擦试验研究了MoSe2纳米片作为150bn润滑油添加剂的摩擦性能。结果表明:MoSe2具有纳米片状结构,长为100～500 nm,厚为10～50 nm,添加MoSe2纳米片基础油的摩擦因数要比添加MoS2纳米片基础油的高,其中MoSe2添加5%(质量分数)的润滑油的摩擦性能最好。     

Effect of Additives on Melting Point of LATS Refining Ladle Slag

  To avoid slag sticking on the ladle immersion cover during the LATS refining and alloying process, the effect of Al2O3 on the melting point of the ladle slag was studied and the additives including CaF2, B2O3, Li2O, and CaO were used to decrease the melting point of the ladle slag. The melting point was measured using the hemisphere method. The results show that the addition of Al2O3 to the ladle slag increases the melting point. The fluxing action is not remarkable if only CaF2 or CaO is used as the additive. The fluxing action of the composite additive obtained by the mixing of CaO and CaF2 in the mass proportion of wCaO∶wCaF2=2∶1 is preferred. The fluxing action of B2O3 is also notable. When the B2O3 content in mass percent is in the range from 2% to 10%, the corresponding melting point is 1 380 ℃ to 1 290 ℃. The fluxing action of Li2O is the most remarkable. When the Li2O content is up to 5%, the melting point of the slag is lower than 1 300 ℃.