The protection of bovine skeletal myofibrils from proteolytic damage post mortem by small heat shock proteins

This study aimed to determine how small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) protect myofibrillar proteins from μ-calpain degradation during ageing. Immunoprecipitation experiments with M. longissimus dorsi (LD) from Angus heifers (n = 14) examined the interaction between αβ-crystallin, desmin, titin, HSP20, HSP27 and μ-calpain. Results showed that αβ-crystallin associated with desmin, titin, HSP20, HSP27 and μ-calpain. Exogenous αβ-crystallin reduced desmin and titin degradations in myofibrillar extracts and attenuated μ-calpain activity. In a second experiment, bull LD (n = 94) were aged at − 1.5 °C for up to 28 days post mortem. μ-Calpain autolysed faster in high ultimate pH (pH_u) meat (pH_u ≥ 6.2) and this was concomitant with the more rapid degradation of titin and filamin in this pH_u group. Desmin stability in intermediate pH_u meat (pH_u 5.8 to 6.19) may be due to the protection of myofibril-bound sHSPs combined with the competitive inhibition of μ-calpain by sHSPs.     

宽光谱可见-短波红外成像光学系统设计

针对目前的红外成像光学系统在机器视觉工业检测领域难以同时实现成像质量好和结构紧凑设计的问题,提出了一种宽光谱可见-短波红外成像光学系统的设计方法。运用光学设计软件ZEMAX设计了一种适用于可见光和短波红外的红外成像光学系统。该系统由7组10片透镜组成,利用多组双胶合透镜来消色差,在第15个面使用非球面提高成像质量,最后对系统的成像质量进行研究。设计结果表明：该系统的的工作波长为0.4～1.7μm,全长为79.6 mm,F数为2.8,焦距为25.7 mm,畸变小于1.4%,调制传递函数值在奈奎斯特频率100 lp/mm处均大于0.4,接近衍射极限,成像质量良好。该系统可以对光滑表面的装配件进行缺陷检测,具有结构简单、易于加工装调的优点,有助于高效地完成机器视觉检测。     

Fracture evolution characteristics of sandstone containing double fissures and a single circular hole under uniaxial compression

The uniaxial compression experiments on the sandstone samples containing double fissures and a single circular hole were carried out by using electro-hydraulic servo universal testing machine to investigate the effect of rock bridge angle β and fissure angle α on mechanical properties and evolution characteristics of cracks.The results show that the peak strength,peak strain and elastic modulus of defected specimens decrease comparing with those for intact sample,and show a decreased trend firstly and then increase with β changing from 0° to 90°.The peak strength and elastic modulus achieve the minimum value as the rock bridge angle is 60°,while the peak strain reaches the minimum value with the rock bridge angle of 45°.The crack initiation of tested rock samples occurs firstly in stress concentration areas at tips of prefabricated fissures under uniaxial compression,and then propagates constantly and coalescences with the prefabricated hole.Some secondary cracks initiate and propagate as well until buckling failure happens.The rock bridge angle has a great influence on crack initiation,coalescence,final failure mode,crack initiation stress and transfixion stress.The peak strength varies significantly,while the elastic modulus and peak strain change slightly,and the failure modes are also different due to the influence of fissure angle.     

Influence of LiAl-layered double hydroxides with 3D micro-nano structures on the properties of calcium sulphoaluminate cement clinker

The effect of LiAl-layered double hydroxides (LiAl-LDHs) with 3D micro-nano structures on the early properties and hydration process of calcium sulphoaluminate cement (CSAC) clinker was investigated. Three LiAl layered double hydroxides (LiAl-LDHs) with different particle size were prepared through a facile solvothermal method. CSAC clinker incorporating LiAl-LDHs with constant water to cement radio were made and tested. The results indicate that a higher content of LiAl-LDHs resulted in a faster hydration rate, a shorter setting time and a higher early compressive strength. Besides, with the decrease of the particle size of LiAl-LDHs, the hydration rate was accelerated with corresponding increase in compressive strength. However, the influence of particle size of LiAl-LDHs on the setting time of CSAC clinker is not significant. Moreover, the addition of LiAl-LDHs did not result in a new phase formed, but increased the quantity of hydration products providing higher compressive strength and shorter setting time.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al2O3–YSZ and Al2O3–YAG directionally solidified eutectic plates

Plates of Al₂O₃–YSZ and Al₂O₃–YAG eutectic composition with a thickness from 0.1 to 1 mm were prepared by directional solidification using a diode laser stack. The melt processed regions of plates exhibited colony microstructure consisting of finely dispersed phases. Due to the curved shape of the melted pool, the growth rate depends on the distance to the surface plate, decreasing from top to bottom. In this way, the microstructure characteristic length changes as a function of the distance to the plate surface. Vickers indentations and piezo-spectroscopy measurements were done on longitudinal and transverse cross-sections of the samples at different depths. From these measurements, we concluded that the Vickers hardness (H_V), indentation fracture toughness (K_IC) and residual stresses (σ_h) of the plates were mainly independent from the distance to the surface. The mean values that we obtained in the Al₂O₃–YSZ plates were H_V = 16 GPa, K_IC = 4.2 MPa m^1/2 and σ_h = −0.33 GPa, and in the Al₂O₃–YAG plates were H_V = 16 GPa, K_IC = 2.0 MPa m^1/2, and σ_h = −0.1 GPa. These values are similar to those found in directionally solidified eutectic rods.     

产品设计中的色彩运用探析

根据产品设计的要求,从产品色彩的用色原则及消费心理等方面讨论了色彩在产品设计中的重要性。     

铝合金微弧氧化工艺的研究

微弧氧化是在阳极氧化工艺的基础上发展起来的一种表面改性新技术,它利用微弧区放电在金属表面生成陶瓷状氧化膜,大幅度提高铝合金的表面性能。以2g/L的NaOH,8g/L的Na2SiO3为电解液对铝合金进行微弧氧化,采用扫描电镜观察金相形貌、仪器测量陶瓷状氧化膜的厚度及粗糙度,优化出最佳制备工艺.     

返红温度对Q345NQR2高强钢板组织性能的影响

为在中厚板产线开发Q345NQR2高强钢板，利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜及电子探针，研究了返红温度对其组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明，在相同始冷温度下，随着返红温度的降低，钢板的屈服及抗拉强度都升高，但抗拉强度增加的幅度更大；当返红温度小于540 ℃时，硬相珠光体组织发生退化，对低温冲击韧性不利；返红温度大于540 ℃且小于等于620 ℃时，钢板组织为铁素体+珠光体，珠光体体积分数不小于16%时，钢板的屈强比不大于0.75，-40 ℃冲击功大于90 J，满足了标准的要求。     

对SAR双通道对消的方位向间歇采样散射波干扰

合成孔径雷达（Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR）通道对消技术可有效抑制散射波干扰等多种干扰类型,因此本文提出利用方位向间歇采样散射波干扰慢时间间歇性来对抗SAR双通道对消系统的干扰方法.首先详细推导了散射波干扰的SAR双通道对消原理,然后建立了方位向间歇采样散射波干扰模型并分析了该方法对传统SAR成像的干扰效果.在此基础上,分别研究了该干扰方法在双通道对消系统分别采用两种相位补偿条件时的对抗效果.理论与实验分析表明：当采用自动相位搜索算法估计相位进行补偿时,可使得场景对消成像出现类似噪声的混乱明暗斑点,并伴随着未对消的虚假散射场景;当采用准确相位进行补偿时,可在对消成像中形成多个虚假散射场景和对消暗条纹.     

High Speed Aircraft Robust Fuzzy Controller Design Based on H∞ Performance

The dynamics of the high-speed vehicle (HSV) is partially or completely unknown because of various reasons, such as modeling errors, in-flight failure, and external disturbances. In this paper, a global stability robust fuzzy controller is designed to control the flight F-16 with uncertain perturbation. For the desired H output-feedback controllers, a necessary and sufficient condition of quadratic stability is derived with the well-established results of the Lyapunov stability theory and nonnegative matrix. The controllers not only guarantee the global asymptotically stability of the resultant closed-loop system with external disturbance and parameter perturbation, but also have a desired H performance in a large flight envelop (LFE).