Tuning of Bi3+-related excitation and emission positions through crystal field modulation in the perovskite-structured La2(Znx, Mg1-x)TiO6 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1):Bi3+ solid solution for white LEDs

In the past year, emission-tunable crystals based on the rare-earth (RE) ions as luminescent center have been frequently reported for use in UV and blue converted white LEDs, but so far tuning the non-RE Bi³⁺ related emissions through the crystal field modulation is still not discovered in the perovskite crystals. In this work, we design and report a type of Bi³⁺ doped La₂(Zn_x,Mg_1-x)TiO₆ (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) perovskite solid solutions, which enable showing the tunable Bi³⁺ excitation and emission positions. The XRD results show that gradual substitution of smaller Mg²⁺ ions with larger Zn²⁺ ions can lead to the blue-shifting of X-ray diffraction (XRD) position, revealing the expansion of cell lattice. Together with structural analysis, our refined XRD and time-resolved spectral results reveal that there is only one type of La site available for Bi³⁺ substitution. With this regular crystal lattice change, the crystal field strength around Bi³⁺ ions is found to vary regularly, allowing to realization of the excitation and emission spectral tuning, i.e., the Bi³⁺ excitation and emission positions as the Mg ions are replaced by the Zn ions can tune from 348?nm to 392?nm and from 405?nm to 433?nm, respectively. This Bi³⁺ spectral tuning peak after calculated by the dielectric chemical bond theory features a linear relationship with the crystal field strength and, thus, is ascribed to the crystal field modulation. On basis of the La₂(Zn_0.4,Mg_0.6)TiO₆ blue, SrGa₂S₄:Eu²⁺ green and Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺ red phosphors, a UV converted warm white LED device with desirable color rendering index (CRI) of 78, correlated color temperature (CCT) of 3650 K and good luminous efficacy of 118.13?lm/W, is fabricated. This work provides new insights into using the crystal-field modulation to discover more Bi³⁺ emission-tunable crystals for white LEDs in the future.     

泡椒肉制品安全性研究

泡椒肉制品是我国西南地区特色休闲食品,为了解其质量安全,对重庆市2008~2011年1807份泡椒肉制品进行调查,分析影响其质量的微生物指标、食品添加剂指标,产品原材料等。结果发现样品总不合格率为7.47%、菌落总数不合格率为2.32%、双乙酸钠不合格率2.05%,泡椒鸡块和泡椒凤爪不合格率较高。据此对泡椒肉制品的安全性进行评估并提出相关建议。     

顶空气相色谱质谱(HS-GC-MS)法测定白乳胶中乙酸乙烯酯的含量

应用顶空气相色谱-质谱法对白乳胶样品和其半成品中的乙酸乙烯酯含量进行了测定,试验采用气相DM-5MS毛细管柱分离,质谱选择离子扫描(SIM)监测,外标法定量,保留时间和谱库检索定性。测定结果工作曲线线性关系良好,线性方程和相关系数分别为:Y=4E-06x-1.4831,R2=0.9991,该方法操作简便,快速,灵敏,适合于工厂质量控制、质检检测等领域,乙酸乙烯酯保留时间1.91min。     

液化石油气中二甲醚的气相色谱分析

建立了利用填充柱测定液化石油气中二甲醚含量的气相色谱方法。采用水浴完全气化样品,气体进样六通阀进样,热导池检测器检测。定量标准曲线的相关系数大于0.999,最低检测限(S/N=3)为0.8%(V/V),该方法简便快速,已成功地应用于液化石油气样品的测定。     

The influence of recess depth and crystallographic orientation of seed sides on homoepitaxial growth of CVD single crystal diamonds

Microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) has gained increasing attention as a feasible and effective way to produce large, high-quality, single-crystal diamonds. However, the growth of polycrystalline diamond on the periphery of the seed crystal and the cracking generated by the internal stress during the growing process lead to significant decline of the quality and integrity of the CVD diamond, thus increasing the difficulty of synthesizing large diamond layers. Although optimized growth parameters and refined substrate holders have been employed by some researchers to improve the periphery quality of CVD diamond layers, more research needs to be done in this area. In this study, we used a specially designed substrate holder with a circular recess, in which the seed crystal was placed. By designing substrate holders with different recess depths and a seed crystal with different side-surface crystallographic orientations, we aimed to determine the influence of the recess depths and the crystallographic orientation of seed sides on the growth quality according to polarizing microscope, laser Raman spectroscopy, UV fluorescence imaging, and photoluminescence (PL) mapping measurements. The results demonstrate that as the recess depth increases, the amount of polycrystalline diamonds and the internal stress on the periphery are controlled effectively. The crystalline quality is improved, and the growth rate is decreased. In addition, compared to the periphery with {100} seed sides, the periphery with {110} seed sides displays better crystalline quality, lower internal stress, and fewer polycrystalline diamonds after growth, which is probably due to the intrinsic nature of the growth steps propagating on the {100} diamond surface and the effect of nitrogen atoms on the growing process in the diamond lattice.     

提高炭黑分散性能的硝酸氧化研究

为了得到具有优良分散性的炭黑,利用硝酸长时间氧化。作沉降实验,用稳定系数检测炭黑的分散稳定性;用红外光谱、激光粒度仪、元素分析仪、光电子能谱检测其表面的物化性质;用单晶X射线衍射仪确定炭黑的晶相结构。研究表明：通过硝酸氧化,增加了炭黑的表面含氧量,使炭黑的分散性得到了极大的提高;硝酸氧化在炭黑表面引入了羧基、羟基等酸性含氧基团。     

皮革制品有毒有害物质检测现状

随着国内外消费者绿色消费意识的日益加深,皮革制品有毒有害物质检验检测相关标准及技术文件也日益增多。本文列出了国内外关于皮革制品有毒有害物质限量标准及检测方法,讨论其对我国相关企业的影响。     

烫漂方式对苹果脆片褐变和多酚及其抗氧化活性的影响

为阐明烫漂方式对热风干燥苹果片品质特性的影响,采用热水、蒸汽和微波对苹果片进行烫漂处理,测定苹果片在烫漂和干燥过程中的色泽、多酚及其抗氧化活性的变化情况。结果表明,热水烫漂苹果片的干燥时间最短,为270 min;不同烫漂方式对苹果片褐变有显著影响(P<0.05),其中热水烫漂的苹果片色泽变化最小,微波烫漂的苹果片色泽最差;与鲜样相比,烫漂方式对苹果片还原糖含量影响较小;干燥过程中微波烫漂的苹果片中产生的5-羟甲基糠醛含量最高,蒸汽烫漂次之,热水烫漂最低;苹果片经热水烫漂和干燥后维生素C损失率分别为34%和52%,而蒸汽烫漂和微波烫漂的苹果片中维生素C损失率较小;热水烫漂的苹果脆片总酚含量最高,达到11.82 mg GAE/g DW;苹果片经烫漂处理后游离多酚和结合多酚单体无显著性变化(P>0.05),但干燥后,所有样品中结合多酚单体含量均显著提高(P<0.05)而游离多酚单体的含量无显著性变化(P>0.05),表明3种烫漂方式都有利于多酚单体的保留;多酚抗氧化能力实验表明烫漂和干燥后苹果片中结合多酚抗氧化活性有显著性变化(P<0.05),其中热水烫漂的苹果...     

Application of Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction and Multivariate Analysis for the Differentiation Between Edible Oils and Waste Cooking Oil

Waste cooking oil (WCO) can be recovered and processed into animal feed additives and bio-oils after purification. Unfortunately, edible oils (EOs) were adulterated with refining and purificating WCO, especially in China. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis has been applied for the determination of the characteristic volatile profile of pure EOs (sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, and olive oil), WCO, and their mixture. Coupling the HS-SPME/GC-MS analysis data with multivariate analysis (MVA) techniques, such as principal components analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis, it has been possible to classify EOs and WCO on the basis of different volatile compounds. Fresh EOs were characterized by a low number of volatile compounds, while WCO and its mixture are characterized by a prevalence of hexanal, (E)-2-heptenal, hexanoic acid, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, p-allylanisole esdragol, dihydroanethole, anethole, eugenol, and curcumene. PCA showed similarities in clustering of the data obtained by GC-MS. MVA facilitates comparison of chromatographic profiles of volatile compounds characteristic for various EOs, WCO, and the different oil mixture for monitoring oil quality. MVA has been successfully applied to the analysis of adulterated EOs by the addition of cheaper WCO.     

丝胶/Poly(NIPAm-LMSH)纳米复合凝胶的层状形态和溶胀行为

采用半互穿网络技术和原位自由基聚合将生物相容性和吸水性优良的丝胶蛋白（SS）引入聚异丙基丙烯酰胺-硅酸镁锂（Poly（NIPAm-LMSH））纳米复合凝胶网络,制得高溶胀度和快速响应的SS/Poly（NIPAm-LMSH）纳米复合凝胶,研究了丝胶含量对纳米复合凝胶的孔洞形态、溶胀动力学、结晶结构、相容性和稳定性的影响。结果表明：冷冻干燥后的SS/Poly（NIPAm-LMSH）水凝胶呈多孔结构,孔洞尺寸为20~30 μm,孔壁薄,为1~4 μm,且随丝胶含量增加而由多面体结构变为狭长形的层状结构。相比于溶胀平衡的纯纳米复合凝胶,丝胶的引入显著提高了其溶胀度,溶胀初期属于Non-Fickian扩散,37 ℃ 10 min内即可失去90%的水。丝胶在凝胶中具有良好的相容性,SS/Poly（NIPAm-LMSH）纳米复合凝胶的 T_g为141~144 ℃,最大热分解温度为365~373 ℃,质量残留率随丝胶含量的增加而增大。