TiO2活性剂对不锈钢激光焊接等离子体声发射效应的影响

针对不锈钢采用添加TiO₂活性剂进行活性脉冲激光焊接研究,通过实时检测焊接过程的结构负载声发射信号,研究了激光焊接过程等离子体信息的表征方法及其活性焊接机理.结果表明,添加TiO₂活性剂增强了材料对激光能量的吸收,增强了等离子体的能量及其对材料的传热,从而影响焊接过程传热效应,这是添加TiO₂活性剂的脉冲激光焊接熔深增加的主要机理.利用实时检测焊接过程中的等离子体声发射信号可以对活性脉冲激光焊接过程的等离子体变化行为进行检测和评估.由焊接过程中采集得到的等离子体声发射信号统计而来的振铃计数特征值,以及计算而来的RMS波形和相应信号的功率谱分布,均反映了活性剂的添加增强了激光焊接过程等离子在时频域上的活动.     

硼化物原位自生增强TiAl基复合材料的组织演化、热变形行为及加工工艺设计（英文）

硼元素添加造成的相转变和硼化物析出等因素会对原位TiAl基复合材料显微组织演化及热变形行为产生影响。利用等温压缩实验、扫描电子显微技术以及透射电子显微技术等研究材料的动态再结晶和动态回复机制,并计算出其表现变形激活能为691.506 k J/mol。在1100～1200℃温度区间,再结晶γ和α晶粒的形核长大分别主导α₂→α相转变温度上、下的热变形行为。α相的动态回复主导材料在1250℃低应变速率下的热变形行为;同时,硼元素会提高α相含量,降低γ→α和α₂→α相转变温度,进而促进加载过程中回复α相晶粒的形核长大。根据新建的本构模型,对TiAl基复合材料的变形机制和加工工艺进行详细阐述.     

Open-circuit corrosion as the origin of the electrical instability arising from the dissolved metal content in insulating oils in EHV current transformers

It is proposed that the source of dissolved copper in the oil within a transformer is the open-circuit corrosion of the copper parts in contact with the oil; the magnitude of this corrosion is proportional to the concentration of dissolved oxygen gas in the oil, based on data for six transformer units.     

基于三矢量的并网逆变器模型预测直接功率控制

并网逆变器采用双矢量模型预测直接功率控制策略时,存在输出电压矢量覆盖范围受限、并网电流谐波含量高、功率脉动大的问题。对此,提出了一种基于三矢量的并网逆变器模型预测直接功率控制策略,通过构建αβ坐标系下预测功率模型,在每个控制周期进行2次电压矢量选择,用相邻2个非零电压矢量和1个零电压矢量合成出期望电压矢量,使输出电压矢量方向与幅值均可调,同时对有功功率和无功功率进行无差拍控制,有效改善并网电能质量及减小功率脉动,并通过空间矢量脉冲宽度调制使开关频率固定。仿真和实验结果表明,相比单、双矢量模型预测直接功率控制策略,所提方法并网电流谐波含量低、功率脉动小,具有良好的动稳态性能。     

Observation of the growth process of CuInSe2 thin films

In order to observe the growth process of CuInSe₂ thin films by a usual vacuum evaporation method with two sources, thin films of the compound were grown on different substrates: glass slides, SnO₂, Al₂O₃, and molybdenum. During deposition, the shutter was moved stepwise to obtain layers for different evaporation times, and crystallographical, compositional, optical and electrical properties were investigated. In general, in the initial stage of evaporation, the films are In-rich, and then move toward the stoichiometrical composition. The grain size grows larger, and the film quality becomes better with time. The detailed variations of the properties of the films are presented.     

5056铝箔表面新型三价铬转化膜的形成过程及影响因素

目的 提高5056铝箔的耐腐蚀性能,探究新型三价铬转化膜的形成过程和主要影响因素。方法 在自主研发的新型三价铬转化液中对5056铝箔进行表面处理,通过改变镀膜时间、镀液p H、镀液温度来调控转化膜的结构和性能;通过重铬酸钾点滴测试、电化学测试、接触角测试、中性盐雾试验,对新型转化膜的耐腐蚀性能和表面特性进行表征;采用超薄切片辅助扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、拉曼光谱对膜层的结构和成分进行分析。结果 在优化工艺条件下,可在5056铝箔表面获得一层厚度约为80 nm、具有较强疏水特性的化学转化膜,其主要成分为Ti O2、Zr O2、Al2O3、Cr(OH)3;经过三价铬转化膜处理后,在中性盐雾试验进行1 632 h后未观察到5056铝箔试样出现明显腐蚀迹象,也未发现三价铬向六价铬的转变。结论 采用新型三价铬镀膜处理可以大幅提高5056铝箔在含Na Cl环境中的耐腐蚀性能,随着镀膜时间的延长,合金表面先后经历转化膜的形核、稳定生长、开裂起皮、再生长与开裂起皮动态平衡等4个阶段,当转化膜稳定生长并完全覆盖合金表面时,其耐腐蚀性能最好。     

High quality sapphire crystal by advanced chemical transport process

Single crystal sapphire was synthesized by chemical transport of Al-O generated by the reaction of polycrystalline Al₂O₃ ceramic and carbon. Using C-axis oriented polycrystalline Al₂O₃ ceramics as a seed crystal in the deposition temperature range, a C-axis sapphire crystal (Φ5xL35 mm) was grown at a temperature range of 700–1000 °C, and the growth rate in the C-axis direction was about 3.5 mm/h. The transmittance in the visible to infrared region of the synthesized sapphire is a theoretical value (transmission loss is lower than 0.1 %/cm), and the absorption edge was less than 200 nm (the band gap is 6.2 eV), which is shorter than the absorption edge (240 nm) of the commercially available single crystal (band gap 5.2 eV) synthesized by the Czochralski method. The dislocation density in this material was extremely low, and it was confirmed by lattice image observation that it was a high-quality single crystal with very few defects.     

高效高功率密度车载双向电能变换器设计

研究设计了一种用于电动汽车电池充放电的车载双向电能变换器.充电状态下,前级采用PWM整流技术,后级采用移相全桥零电压开关电路,实现电气隔离高效的降压变换.放电状态下,双向DC-DC变换器实现升压变换,双向AC-DC作为单相全桥逆变器采用电压前馈、电压电流双闭环控制策略.本系统采用全控型器件GaN控制电流电压通断,能够使...     

基于机器视觉与单片机结合的机械臂抓取系统

抓取规划和控制是机械臂抓取系统中的难点.为了有效的解决这两个问题,本文提出一种基于机器视觉和单片机相结合的机械臂抓取系统.首先利用前期视觉测量成果对目标定位,然后设计了一种软件接口将目标表面三维信息进行可视化,并通过人为经验手动选择一个良好的抓取点;再结合逆运动学求解和轨迹规划算法,利用单片机驱动舵机使机械臂末端执行器...