Numerical analysis on combustion process and sodium transformation behavior in a 660 MW supercritical face-fired boiler purely burning high sodium content Zhundong coal

CHEMKIN software was used to optimize the reaction mechanism of sodium in flue gas to study the influence of targeted design for purely burning Zhundong (ZD) coal on boiler characteristics. Then, the optimized 32-step elemental reaction was combined with CFD software. An eddy-dissipation concept model considering detailed chemical reactions was used to simulate the transformation behavior of sodium-containing substances. The combustion characteristics of the 660 MW face-fired boiler under various loads were also simulated. The field distribution in the furnace and the migration path of sodium along the track of pulverized coal particles were obtained. The results show that the interference between each burner in the furnace is small at the BMCR load, and the phenomenon of “wind wrapping fire” is distinctly clear. The temperature at furnace outlet is approximately 970.98 °C. At a low load, the combustion in the furnace is stable, and the temperature at the furnace outlet reaches the design value. The sodium present in ZD coal is involved in the reaction after it is released in the form of Na and NaCl. Sodium is present in different forms in the main burner zone, mainly NaCl (67%), NaOH (12%), Na (9%), and Na₂SO₄ (7%). The forms of sodium at the furnace outlet are NaCl (50%), Na₂SO₄ (37%), Na₂Cl₂ (9%) and NaHSO₄ (4%). A small amount of Na₂SO₄ is formed by NaHSO₄ reaction in the main burner zone. It then reacts to form NaSO₄, wherein NaHSO₄ is formed by path 2. Na₂SO₄ is mainly generated in the burnout zone through path 1, and paths 2, 3, and 4 are hardly observed. The findings of this research can provide reference for the design of a purely fired ZD coal boiler and further studies on slagging observed on the heating surface.     

Luminescent and thermal properties of a new green emitting Ca6Sr4(Si2O7)3Cl2:Eu2+ phosphor for near-UV light-emitting diodes

A novel green emitting phosphor, Eu²⁺-activated Ca₆Sr₄(Si₂O₇)₃Cl₂, was synthesized using the solid-state reaction and its temperature-dependent luminescence characteristic was reported for the first time. Crystallographic site-occupations of Eu²⁺ ions in this host were assigned and two distinguishable Sr²⁺ sites were confirmed. As the temperature increases, the emission lines of Ca₆Sr_3.99(Si₂O₇)₃Cl₂:0.01Eu²⁺ show an anomalous blue-shift along with the broadening bandwidth and decreasing emission intensity, which is ascribed in terms of the phonon-assisted back tunneling from the excited state of low-energy emission band to the high-energy emission band in the configuration coordinate diagram. Further, the luminescence quenching temperature, the activation energy for thermal quenching (ΔE), and the chromaticity coordinates were also investigated. In view of its preferable excitation spectrum profile, intense green emission peaking at 511 nm, and high thermal luminescence stability, the as-prepared phosphor is expected to find applications as a new green emitting phosphor for near-UV light emitting diodes.     

负载型磷钼钒钴杂多酸盐催化氧化乙苯合成苯乙酮

采用浸渍法制备了系列负载型杂多酸盐催化剂,并将其应用于乙苯氧化合成苯乙酮的反应中。考察了载体类型、负载量、焙烧温度、催化剂用量、反应时间等因素对催化活性的影响。结果表明,以HZSM-5为载体,杂多酸盐Co_4HP_2Mo_（15）V_3O_（62）负载量30%,固定乙苯用量25mmol,催化剂用量0.4g,m（催化剂）：m（KBr）=2：3,n（乙苯）：n（过氧化氢）=0.125：1,反应温度80℃.反应时间1h,乙苯转化率达到82.21%,苯乙酮收率为55.75%。     

模糊自适应PID控制在高炉TRT系统中的仿真研究

针对高炉TRT顶压控制系统存在的复杂性,高度非线性,时变不确定性等特点,提出一种模糊自适应PID优化控制算法,应用模糊推理的方法实现对TRT顶压控制系统中PID参数的自整定,达到对高炉顶压的稳定控制。实验结果表明,采用该优化算法可使控制效果得到明显改善,系统运行速度及可靠性等得到进一步提高,达到优化系统控制性能的目的,满足TRT系统的控制要求。     

有底柱阶段自然崩落法系统的设计与实现

为了使设计人员快速而准确地得到最合理的给定矿体的有底柱阶段自然崩落采矿法的二维图形和三维可视化模型的模拟图,文中通过分析有底柱自然崩落采矿法的生产过程（采准、切割、回采）以及读入的预先生成的矿体信息并将提取分析出来的崩落采矿法信息作为参数,实现了有底柱自然崩落采矿法系统的设计与实现。设计人员在使用该系统时,只需将分析得到的崩落采矿法信息输入,并读入预先生成的矿体即可得到基于该矿体的有底柱阶段自然崩落法的二维图形和三维模型的模拟图。使用该系统使得设计人员能够快速地得到该采矿方法的二维和三维模型的模拟图,给设计人员带来了方便,在采矿领域起着极其重要的作用。     

Ultrahigh storage density achieved with (1-x)KNN-xBZN ceramics

A series of (1-x)K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃-xBa(Zn_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃ ((1-x)KNN-xBZN) nanostructural ceramics was successfully synthesised via solid-state reactions. These nanostructural ceramics exhibited high energy storage density compared with pure KNN ceramics. Further analysis of their dielectric/ferroelectric properties and structures revealed that the addition of BZN alloy disrupted the long-range order of the ferroelectric lattice of pure KNN and favoured the formation of ferroelectric islands and/or polar nano-regions. Consequently, the nanostructured ceramic with x = 0.05 exhibited ultrahigh energy storage density, W, of approximately 9.14 J/cm³ and recoverable energy storage density, W_rec, of approximately 4.87 J/cm³ under a fairly low applied electrical field (220 kV/cm). These values exceed the highest values ever reported for KNN-based bulk ceramics. In addition, both excellent fatigue endurance (10⁵ cycles) and temperature stability (Δε'/ε_100°C < 15 % in the range 30–390 °C) were realised with the 0.97KNN-0.03BZN ceramic. Their excellent energy storage properties render KNN-based ceramics potential candidates for application in pulsed-power systems.     

相同速度比搅拌摩擦加工对Al-Mg-Si合金搅拌区微观组织演变、力学性能和腐蚀行为的影响

采用搅拌摩擦加工技术对2 mm厚Al-Mg-Si（6061-T6）合金板材进行加工。研究了具有相同速度比的搅拌摩擦加工对搅拌区微观组织演变、显微硬度分布、拉伸性能和腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明,加工区微观组织如晶粒形貌、平均晶粒尺寸、晶界分布和析出相演变特征具有明显差异,进而对力学性能和腐蚀行为产生显著影响。加工区等轴再结晶晶粒平均尺寸随着加工速度增加而逐渐减小。转速8000 r/min和加工速度800 mm/min工艺下制备的加工区平均晶粒明显细化,析出相分布也更加接近于母材分布特征。最终,该加工区除了耐腐蚀性能轻微改变之外,展现出了较优的力学性能。加工区最大抗拉强度和延伸率分别达281.5 MPa和34.8%,分别为母材的86.3%和122.1%。高速搅拌摩擦加工对腐蚀性能改善不明显,但可有效改善Al-Mg-Si合金的力学性能。     

碳纤维/环氧树脂预浸带铺放应力场及制品微观结构的模拟与实验

碳纤维/环氧树脂预浸带复合材料在铺放成型时,由于树脂基体与碳纤维之间的热膨胀系数存在差异以及成型时热-力参数作用下由于纤维的变形而导致纤维与基体接触处产生应力集中等原因,在制品材料中会产生热残余应力。针对碳纤维/环氧树脂预浸带复合材料的实际结构特点,利用ABAQUS有限元软件建立含有界面的碳纤维/环氧树脂预浸带复合材料的细观代表性体积单元(Representative volume element, RVE)有限元模型,采用实验研究和有限元仿真分析的方法,研究在温度-压力参数作用下预浸带铺放制品残余应力的分布规律及影响机理。首先,建立预浸带铺放时的温度和压力模型,研究不同温度和压力参数条件下碳纤维/环氧树脂预浸带铺放制品残余应力的分布情况。其次,采用耦合降温法模拟碳纤维/环氧树脂预浸带残余应力随纤维体积含量、铺放压力以及铺放温度的变化规律,并采用扫描电镜对不同工艺参数条件下预浸带铺放制品的微观结构进行分析。通过对模拟结果进行分析比较得到各因素对制品残余应力的基本影响规律;最后进行不同温度和压力等铺放参数对预浸带铺放成型时残余应力影响的实验测试研究。      

二氧化碳矿化养护加气混凝土试验研究

二氧化碳矿化养护混凝土技术使得混凝土早期在较短时间内快速成型和提升力学性能,极大缩短养护周期,提高生产效率,是颇具大规模工业化应用前景的二氧化碳利用方式。对基于工业固废的加气混凝土的二氧化碳养护技术进行了初步探索,着重研究了原料掺比、养护压力以及养护制度在CO₂矿化反应中的影响。二氧化碳养护加气混凝土配方主要由试件的抗压强度和固碳性能共同决定。通过SEM和XRD分析等方法表征了在不同养护工况下反应产物的变化特点,同时使用压汞法测定了CO₂养护前后的孔隙分布。结果表明,对自然养护4 d后的加气混凝土进行2 h CO₂养护,试件固碳率随着养护压力升高而升高,低压养护和梯级养护有利于降低加气混凝土试件的力学强度损失,梯级养护中CO₂浓度/分压力越高,加气混凝土试件表观固碳率越高;在相同的CO₂养护条件下,SEM观察到矿化反应产物有不同形貌,如球状和纺锤形等,XRD分析则进一步证明了碳酸钙有3种不同晶型;CO₂养护后,孔径0.01~0.10μm微孔降低明显,表观固碳率越高,对加气混凝土试件的填充效果越显著。