Preparation and thermal property of hybrid nanocomposites by free radical copolymerization of styrene with octavinyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane

The poly(styrene‐co‐octavinyl‐polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane) (PS–POSS) organic–inorganic hybrid nanocomposites containing various percent of POSS were prepared via one‐step free radical polymerization and characterized by FTIR, high‐resolution ¹H NMR, ²⁹Si NMR, GPC, DSC, and TGA technologies. The POSS contents in these nanocomposites were determined using FTIR calibration curve. The result shows that the POSS contents in nanocomposites can be tailored by varying the POSS feed ratios. On the basis of the POSS contents in the nanocomposites and the ¹H NMR spectra, the number of reacted vinyl groups of each octavinyl‐POSS macromonomer were calculated to be 6–8. DSC and TGA measurements indicate that the incorporation of POSS into PS homopolymer can apparently improve the thermal properties of the polymeric materials. The dramatic T_g and T_dec increases are mainly due to the formation of star and low cross‐linking structure of the nanocomposites, where POSS cores behave as the joint points and hinder the motion and degradation of the polymeric chains. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

离子交换增强玻璃表面化学稳定性的研究

系统研究了化学钢化及盐溶液后处理对Na2O-CaO-SiO2玻璃表面化学稳定性的影响。详细考察了用熔融KNO3化学钢化的玻璃以及用适当盐溶液后处理的化学钢化玻璃,在受水侵蚀后R2O的沥滤量和失重以及受碱侵蚀后SiO2的溶出量和失重。结果表明,用熔融KNO3对玻璃进行钢化处理后,玻璃的耐水性和耐碱性均有明显下降。而将化学钢化的玻璃利用适当盐溶液处理后,可以改善钢化玻璃的化学稳定性,因而可以进一步提高化学钢化玻璃的使用性能和拓展其使用范围。     

Dispersant-free dyeing of polyester with temporarily solubilised azo disperse dyes from 1-substituted-2-hydroxypyrid-6-one derivatives

Four temporarily solubilised azo disperse dyes based on 1-substituted-2-hydroxypyrid-6-one were synthesised and characterised. The dyes showed high extinction coefficients and had a yellow shade on polyester fabric. They were successfully applied to polyester without the use of dispersants and the optimum pH was found to be 5. It was found that the dyes could be alkali-cleared due to ionisation of the dye under mild alkaline conditions. The dyes exhibited good to excellent fastness properties on the polyester fabric.     

Experimental investigations and thermodynamic modelling of KCl–LiCl–UCl3 system

Experimental investigations and Gibbs energy modelling of KCl–LiCl–UCl₃ system employing CALPHAD method are reported. Gibbs energy modelling of the subsystems KCl–UCl₃ and LiCl–UCl₃ was carried out primarily using phase diagram data from the literature. For the Gibbs energy modelling of the KCl–LiCl subsystem, new phase boundary data corresponding to four terminal compositions $(x_{\mathrm{LiCl}}=0.03$, 0.05, 0.95 and 0.97) obtained through differential thermal analysis data along with thermochemical and phase diagram data from the literature were used. Thermal analysis was also carried out for KCl–LiCl eutectic mixture containing small amounts of UCl₃ $(x_{{\mathrm{UCl}}_3}=9.03\times {10}^{-3}$ and $1.79\times {10}^{-2}$). The liquidus temperatures for these compositions were found to be 637 K and 674 K. Electromotive force data for dilute solutions of UCl₃ in the KCl–LiCl eutectic melt, measured in the temperature range 708–833 K in the present work, were found to be in good agreement with the literature data. These data were also used as input for the Gibbs energy modelling of the KCl–LiCl–UCl₃ system. In order to improve the quality of the resulting Gibbs energy functions of the quasibinaries and the quasiternary, enthalpies of mixing of the corresponding melts estimated using an empirical correlation based on surrounded-ion model were also used as input. Finally, the generated Gibbs energy functions were used to compute phase equilibria.     

Model for the impedance analysis in a three electrode solid state electrochemical cell

A T-network model for the determination of the electrode impedances in a three electrode solid state electrochemical cell is postulated and discussed. The model is applied to a Li solid battery where the electrolyte is the polymer (PEO)₈LiCF₃SO₃ and the positive electrode is the insertion electrode V₆O_{13 + x}. The Li metal reference electrode is found to have an impedance considerably greater than that of the working (V₆O₁₃ + x) or the counter electrode (Li). The significance of these impedances is discussed in relation to the geometry and construction of solid electrolyte cells, and to their suitability for potentiostatic measurements.     

Synthesis of N-methylglucamine modified macroporous poly(GMA-co-TRIM) and its performance as a boron sorbent

A chelating polymeric sorbent was developed by functionalizing poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate), poly(GMA-co-TRIM), with N-methylglucamine (MG) via a simple post-grafting route. The resulting well-defined millimeter-sized spheres of poly(GMA-co-TRIM)–MG had permanent macropore structures and low swelling degree, with accessible ligands of 1.84 mmol/g. The boron adsorption behavior of the sorbent was studied in batch mode by varying different parameters like the pH value, the initial concentration of boron and the adsorption time under noncompetitive conditions. It was found that the sorbent always maintained the high capacity between pH 2.6 and 8.6, in which the optimum pH was 7.5. The adsorption behavior of the sorbent obeyed the Langmuir isotherm well. The adsorption capacity of the sorbent for boron was in the same level as that of a commercially available N-methylglucamine-type polystyrene resin. However, it adsorbed boron more quickly. The sorbent also showed good durability and reusability through the fixed-bed adsorption tests. The study on the separation of boron from brine of salt lake showed a high selectivity of the sorbent, though the capacity for boron decreased due to the interference of diverse ions in brine.     

氧化锌对高胶凝性水泥熟料矿物形成及强度的影响

采用工业原料配料，对以硅酸三钙（C3S，C=CaO，S=SiO2）、硫铝酸钙（C4A3 S^-，C=CaO，A=Al2O3，S^-=SO4^2-）为主导矿物的含C4A3 S^-矿物硅酸盐水泥熟料的矿物形成及其强度进行了研究。借助X射线衍射和热重一差热分析研究了矿物形成过程；探讨了微量元素ZnO对熟料性能的影响及在熟料体系中的固溶情况。研究结果表明：生料中掺入ZnO可使C4A3 S^-和CaS等矿物通过低温反应形成，共存于同一熟料体系中，并可提高熟料的强度；过高的ZnO含量亦会降低C4A3 S^-矿物的分解温度。     

负载型钴铜双金属氮化物催化氨分解研究

Co and Mo bimetallic nitrides supported on Mg（Al）O, MgO and γ-Al2O3 were prepared in temperatureprogrammed reactions with NH3. The surface morphology, chemical composition and catalytic activity for NH3 decomposition on the supported Co and Mo bimetallic nitrides were studied by X-ray diffractometer （XRD）, NH3 temperature-programmed desorption and mass spectrometer （NH3-TPD-MS）, temperature-programmed desorption and mass spectrometer （TPD-MS）, H2 temperature-programmed surface reaction （H2-TPSR） and activity test. The phases of Co3Mo3N and MoN could be formed on Mg（Al）O, MgO and Al2O3 during the nitridation, and they might be more uniformly dispersed on Mg（Al）O and MgO than on γ-Al2O3. Transition metallic nitrides are generally considered as potential catalysts for hydrogen-involving reactions due to the entrance of hydrogen atoms into subsurface and the lattice of metallic nitrides. The diffusion of nitrogen in the bulk and the structure transformation of Co and Mo nitride compounds occur during NH3-TPD, but the supported Co and Mo bimetallic nitrides are not easily reduced at H2 atmosphere. Co3Mo3N/Mg（Al）O catalyst exhibits the highest activity, while Co3Mo3N/Al2O3 exhibits the lowest activity for NH3 decomposition. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of Co and Mo bimetallic nitrides is not only much higher than that of supported single metallic nitride, but also highly dependent upon the surface acidity and BET surface area of support.     

Crystal structure and microwave dielectric properties of (Ba1−αSrα)6−3xSm8+2xTi18O54 solid solutions

The tungstenbronze-type-like (Ba_1−αSr_α)_6−3xR_8+2xTi₁₈O₅₄ (R = rare earth) solid solutions have been studied. Microwave dielectric properties of these solid solutions link to the substitution of large cations such as Ba ions by small Sr ions. In these solid solutions for x = 0, the quality factor (Q·f) exibits extremely low due to the inner strain resulting by the occupation of large Ba ions at relatively small A1-sites. However, dielectric constant (ɛ_r) of this composition show a high value. In this paper, improvement of quality factor (Q·f) by substituting small Sr ions for Ba ions in (Ba_1−αSr_α)_6−3xSm_8+2xTi₁₈O₅₄ solid solutions, where x = 0, is reported. In addition, the relationship between crystal structure and microwave dielectric properties is discussed from the viewpoint of structural formula and occupational state of large cations such as Ba, Sr and Sm in A1-sites.     

Preparation of DNA-encapsulated polyethersulfone hollow microspheres for organic compounds and heavy metal ions removal

DNA-encapsulated polyethersulfone (PES) hollow microspheres are fabricated by means of a liquid-liquid phase separation technique; the hollow microspheres are then used to remove environmental pollutant organic compounds and heavy metal ions. The amounts of DNA encapsulated in the microspheres are dependent on the PES concentration, the DNA concentration used to prepare the particles, and the diameter of the syringe needle. The hollow microspheres can be used to remove harmful organic compounds including ethidium bromide (EB), acridine orange (AO) and endocrine disruptors. With the increase of the DNA amount encapsulated into the hollow microspheres, the removal ratios of these compounds increased. Additionally, the DNA-encapsulated PES hollow microspheres can selectively accumulate and remove heavy metal ions such as Ag⁺, Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ These results suggested that the DNA-encapsulated PES hollow microspheres have a potential to be used in environmental applications.