C/C材料表面ZrB2-SiC功能梯度涂层残余应力分析

目的以C/C复合材料为基体,设计ZrB_2-SiC功能梯度材料。方法利用Ansys软件对等离子喷涂ZrB_2-SiC功能梯度涂层在沉积过程中产生的残余应力进行数值模拟,分析成分分布指数p和梯度层厚度t对梯度涂层残余应力的影响;并通过基于悬臂梁理论的热应力解析,计算与基体接触的涂层在涂层与基体厚度比λ不同时的残余应力值。结果模拟分析结果表明,在涂层与基体的界面,梯度层的厚度对轴向压应力影响不大,径向压应力和切向应力均随厚度的增加而增大,在边缘区域应力集中较为严重,易产生层间破坏;纯ZrB_2层为表面层,其应力主要为径向压应力,且沿径向逐渐减小至0,到边缘处又突变为拉应力,并随p的增大而减小。对比解析法分析可得两者计算的与基体接触的涂层内部的残余应力随λ的增大都是逐渐降低的,这符合涂层内部的应力分布原理。根据优化设计,获得功能梯度材料在各梯度层厚度d为0.1~0.2 mm,成分梯度指数为4时的热应力变化缓和效果较好。结论基于悬臂梁理论的解析解可以很好地评估热应力,并验证了该模拟的正确性。     

基于改进的边界追踪算法的管道法兰焊缝识别

针对目前管道法兰焊接中存在的缺点,文中对管道法兰焊缝进行先检测后识别,提出了一种基于改进的边界追踪算法的管道法兰焊缝识别方法.在焊缝检测阶段,利用曲率角估计的方法精确确定焊缝位置.在焊缝识别阶段,利用膨胀和掩码操作,根据检测到的焊缝位置,提出了一种在原图中设置不规则感兴趣区域的方法;细化边缘,并提出一种过滤伪边缘的算法.通过实际焊缝的试验验证,结果表明,基于改进的边界追踪算法的管道法兰焊缝识别方法能够准确的识别焊缝边缘,并且系统的识别稳定性好.     

冲蚀角对碳纤维增强树脂复合材料(CFRP)蒙皮涂层去除及重涂附着力的影响

为解决飞机CFRP蒙皮涂层高效去除问题,改善重涂涂层附着力,采用塑性磨料射流加工方法对CFRP蒙皮损伤涂层去除,通过分析单颗磨料的速度和冲击力,研究不同冲蚀角度下磨料对涂层的冲蚀行为,探究塑性磨料射流冲蚀角对表面形貌、去除机制、材料去除率、接触角与表面自由能及重涂涂层的附着力方面的影响。结果表明：塑性磨料对涂层的冲蚀机理为塑性变形去除,在30°～70°冲蚀角下,磨料对涂层的冲蚀模式为滑擦、耕犁和切削。随着冲蚀角的增加,颗粒的切向分力减小,法向分力增加,法向冲蚀的冲蚀模式为剪切和挤压变形去除材料去除率递减。在所选冲蚀角范围内,当冲蚀角为30°时,聚氨酯涂层的材料去除率最大。随着冲蚀角的改变,表面粗糙度、润湿性和表面自由能发生变化,当冲蚀角为70°时,重涂后的涂层附着力较好,较初始涂层附着力提高28%左右。研究成果可为飞机CFRP蒙皮涂层的高效去除及附着力的改善提供参考。     

单颗团聚CBN磨粒磨削TC4钛合金表面创成机制

目的 提出一种兼具耐磨性好、自锐性能优异的新型团聚CBN磨粒研制方法,解决单晶CBN磨粒因其力学特性各向异性而极易出现沿解理面大块破碎的问题,进而提升加工效率和磨削性能。方法 利用模压成形和高温液相烧结技术,制备了综合性能优异的新型团聚CBN磨粒,探究磨粒结合界面形成机制,并通过单颗磨粒磨削TC4钛合金试验,综合对比团聚CBN磨粒与单晶CBN磨粒的磨损状态和磨痕形貌,探明团聚CBN磨粒的磨削性能优势。结果 团聚CBN磨粒烧结界面新生成了TiB2、TiB和TiN;优选的烧结工艺参数为800 ℃,保温时间为10 min;相比于单晶CBN磨粒,团聚CBN磨粒的耐磨性和锋利度显著提升,磨削加工效率和质量明显改善。结论 由于团聚CBN磨粒内部微晶颗粒间金属结合剂的存在,提高了磨粒的断裂韧性,降低了因磨粒内部裂纹扩展而引起的宏观裂纹损伤深度,有效提升了磨粒的加工性能;磨削过程中随着磨粒的不断磨损,未出露的CBN晶粒逐渐参与磨削,确保了磨粒工作面有效磨粒数的动态平衡,有助于提升磨粒整体自锐能力。     

钛合金磨料流光整加工表面完整性研究

目的 研究磨料流光整加工钛合金格栅表面完整性。方法 用电火花加工制备钛合金试样,通过磨料粒径、加工压力、加工次数的单因素试验,来研究其对试样表面粗糙度和表面形貌的影响规律,选用三种初始粗糙度不同的钛合金试样来进行磨料流光整加工效果试验,对比分析磨料流光整加工对试样表面残余应力的影响,进行加工次数的单因素试验研究磨料流加工过程中其对工件表面显微硬度的影响。结果 对于钛合金试样来说,磨料粒径和加工压力越大,表面抛光效果越明显,表面粗糙度就越低。当磨料粒径从38 μm增加到420 μm时,相对应的表面粗糙度值Ra从5.815 μm降低到0.824 μm;当加工压力从8 MPa增加到24 MPa时,相对应的表面粗糙度值Ra从4.314 μm降低到1.398 μm。而随着加工次数的增加,表面粗糙度值Ra从整体上呈现下降趋势,最后趋于稳定,当加工次数从10增加到80时,相对应的表面粗糙度值Ra从5.925 μm降低到0.307 μm,并且最后稳定在0.300 μm附近。钛合金试样经磨料流光整加工之后,表面残余应力由原来的拉应力变成了压应力。随着加工次数的增加,钛合金试样表面显微硬度整体上呈现先减小后增大的趋势,当加工次数从10增加到50时,显微硬度值从532.83HV降到357.73HV,当加工次数从50增加到90时,显微硬度值从357.73HV上升到393.48HV,试样表面显微硬度的均匀性也显著增加。结论 增大磨料粒径和加工压力或者增加加工次数,都能降低工件表面粗糙度,钛合金工件经过磨料流光整加工之后,表面完整性有较大改善。     

Effect of prestressed ultrasonic peen forming parameters on bending curvature and spherical deformation of plate

The elastic prestressed ultrasonic peen forming (UPF) was adopted in order to solve problems of insufficient bending deformation and large spherical deformation of plate during free UPF. The theoretical analysis of prestressed UPF and the influence of elastic prebending moment on deformation were analyzed. Spherical deformation coefficient was defined to quantificationally describe the spherical deformation. Experiments were conducted to compare the differences between free UPF and prestressed UPF processes and the effects of processing parameters on bending curvature and spherical deformation coefficient were studied. The results show that peening trajectory in chordwise direction is beneficial to enlarging spanwise bending deformation and decreasing spherical deformation coefficient. Large prebending curvature is helpful to increase spanwise bending deformation and decrease chordwise deformation, thereby obviously decreasing spherical deformation coefficient. Large spanwise deformation can be obtained under large firing pin velocity, small plate thickness and small offset distance. Large firing pin velocity plays a positive role in decreasing spherical deformation, while plate thickness and offset distance have little effect on it. Above all, prebending curvature and peening trajectory are the most important factors during prestressed UPF process. This study provides guidance for parameters optimization of prestressed UPF for wing plate with large thickness.     

Low dielectric loss ceramics in the Mg4Nb2O9-ZnAl2O4-TiO2 ternary system

This study used a traditional solid-state reaction method to prepare a series of composite ceramics in the 0.7Mg₄Nb₂O₉-(0.3-x)ZnAl₂O₄-xTiO₂ ternary system. Crystalline phases and microstructure of Mg₄Nb₂O₉-ZnAl₂O₄-TiO₂ dielectric ceramic composites were investigated and correlated with the relevant dielectric properties. It was observed that the addition of Ti⁴⁺ substituted Nb⁵⁺ in the Mg₄Nb₂O₉ structure, which promoted the decomposition of Mg₄Nb₂O₉ to form the second phase, Mg₅Nb₄O₁₅, during sintering. The synergistic effect of ZnAl₂O₄-TiO₂ co-doping promoted the Mg₄Nb₂O₉ ceramic densification. The sample (0.7Mg₄Nb₂O₉-(0.3-x)ZnAl₂O₄-xTiO₂) with x = 0.15?0.2 exhibited dielectric constants of 13–14, larger than those of ZnAl₂O₄, Mg₄Nb₂O₉ and Mg₅Nb₄O₁₅, due to the NbO₆ octahedra distortion resulting from the substitution of Al³⁺/Ti⁴⁺ for Nb⁵⁺ in Mg₄Nb₂O₉ and Mg₅Nb₄O₁₅. The long-range order of the NbO₆ octahedra was enhanced by co-doping ZnAl₂O₄ and TiO₂, thereby enhancing the Qxf value. A dielectric constant of 13.1, Qxf value of 366,000 GHz and a τ_f of ?60.8 ppm/°C were obtained from 1300 °C sintered 0.7Mg₄Nb₂O₉-0.15ZnAl₂O₄-0.15TiO₂. These results show that 0.7Mg₄Nb₂O₉-0.15 ZnAl₂O₄-0.15TiO₂ ceramic is a good candidate for microwave electronic device applications.     

圆弧柔性铰链的优化设计

柔性铰链是高精度柔性机构的关键部件,其运动精度与运动范围影响着柔性机构的性能,本文对圆弧柔性铰链进行了柔度矩阵推导,并依据柔度方程进行优化设计。采用结构矩阵法建立了圆弧柔性铰链的柔度方程,对矩形截面的翘曲抗扭刚度进行推导,得到了约束扭转状态下的扭转柔度近似方程。为相对长度较小铰链的扭转刚度精确求解提供了依据。对比理论计算结果与有限元分析结果,结果显示扭转柔度的最大相对误差在10%左右,其余方向柔度相对误差低于6%,验证了柔度方程的准确性。采用正交试验直观分析法得到柔性铰链各设计参数对转动刚度的灵敏度,并利用多目标遗传算法对柔性铰链的转动柔度以及轴向刚度两个目标进行了参数优化。通过优化结果与设计经验选取参数的对比,发现优化后圆弧柔性铰链的弯曲柔度提升了5.12%,同时铰链的轴向刚度提升了4.72%,证明针对圆弧柔性铰链的优化设计具有明显效果。     

Calculation of the Fe-C-Ti ternary phase diagram

A thermodynamic analysis of phase equilibria in the Fe-Ti, Ti-C, and Fe-C-Ti systems has been carried out. The Gibbs energy has been expressed by the two-sublattice model being separated into the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic terms. In particular, the equilibrium between austenite and NaCl type Ti-carbide has been treated as a portion of the miscibility gap in the fcc phase. The thermodynamic parameters for each phase were evaluated on the basis of experimental phase equilibrium and activity data. The calculated phase boundary of austenite in equilibrium with Ti-carbide exhibited a characteristic shape, not only in the isothermal but also in the vertical section.     

一种V型坡口焊缝图像处理方法及特征提取算法研究

为了提高V型坡口焊缝特征提取算法的效率和准确性,对V型坡口光条图像预处理,在图像感兴趣区域(Region of Interest,ROI)开窗基础上构建差异化卷积模板,经图像差分后实现光条纹增强及噪声颗粒化.通过形态学开运算和小连通域去除提取出二值化光条,并采用几何中心法完成光条骨架细化.通过对光条形态学特征分析,初步...