Highly active and stable BaCo0.8Zr0.1Y0.1O3-δ cathode for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells

Developing cathode material with high performance and excellent stability is the ultimate goal for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Based on this consideration, we design a new simple perovskite oxide BaCo_0.8Zr_0.1Y_0.1O_3-δ (BCZY) as the cathode material of SOFC without any further modification, which has good oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and excellent stability in air and CO₂ at an intermediate temperature range of 600 ℃? 800 ℃. The area specific resistance (ASR) of symmetrical cell with BCZY cathode is 0.041 Ω cm² at 700 ℃, moreover, BCZY cathode keeps good structural and catalytic stability during 100 h test in air. The electrolyte-supported single cell fabricated with BCZY as cathode delivers a maximum power density of 460 mW cm^?2 and a superior steady operation over 200 h at 700 ℃. The good thermal physical structure stability of BCZY is further demonstrated by in-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD), good ORR activity and excellent CO₂ tolerance are further confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. These results indicates that BCZY maybe a potential cathode material for intermediate temperature SOFCs (IT-SOFCs).     

Crystallography and morphology of needle-like α-Fe precipitate particles in a Cu matrix

Nearly spherical α-Fe precipitate particles in a Cu matrix grow and elongate to become needle-like by prolonged annealing of a CuFe alloy. The elongated particles exhibit the Kurdjumov-Sachs orientation relationship to the Cu matrix. Depending on the Kurdjumov-Sachs variants, two distinct elongation directions (growth direction), one parallel to 〈110〉 and the other parallel to 〈19 16 3〉 of the Cu matrix, are observed. The detailed observation of the particle cross section has revealed that the particle-matrix interface consists of several facets of low-index habit planes. It is founf that these crystallographic and morphological features can be explained excellently by adopting the recently developed geometrical criteria for interface crystallography.     

Free-space microwave characteristics of polypyrrole coated glass fibre

A series of polypyrrole coated glass fibre fabrics having different sheet resistivities has been chemically prepared from aqueous solution. The free-space microwave reflective properties of these materials has been measured, and their electrical characteristics described by a parallel RC network. The effects of rotation and fabrication into an epoxy resin matrix on the microwave reflective properties of polypyrrole coated glass fibre fabric have been measured. Polypyrrole coated glass fibre fabrics have also been used to construct a Salisbury screen absorber, and showed promising characteristics for their possible use as radar absorbing materials.     

Creep of SiC/Ti-1100 composite in a vacuum environment

This study examines the longitudinal creep behavior of a unidirectionally reinforced SiC fiber/Ti-1100 composite at 540°C in a vacuum. Primary creep behavior is predicted by the McLean creep model for elastic fibers in a creeping matrix provided the initial damage in the composite is taken into account and no damage accumulates during creep. At higher stresses, where the composite accumulates damage and eventually fails, both the strain and time to rupture can be predicted using the Bundle model, a modification of the McLean/Curtin creep model. In predicting rupture, the strength distribution of the weakest fibers in the composite is the controlling factor.     

The effects of the variations of carbon nanotubes on the micro-tribological behavior of carbon nanotubes/bismaleimide nanocomposite

Two kinds of original multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with different diameters, and one carboxyliated MWCNTs were used to prepare three kinds of MWCNTs/bismaleimide (BMI) nanocomposites. The effects of the diameter, concentration and functional group of MWCNTs used in the composites on the micro-tribological behavior of the MWCNTs/BMI nanocomposites were investigated in this paper. The microhardness, the morphology of the worn surface, the glass transition temperature and dynamic mechanical properties of the MWCNTs/BMI nanocomposites were also measured to figure out the possible main wear mechanism of the composites. Results show that the addition of MWCNTs in BMI resin decreases the friction coefficient of the resin no matter what kind of MWCNTs is added. Moreover, the wear loss rate of all nanocomposites considerably decreases with the increasing of nanotube content until the content reaches 2.5 wt%. Functionalization of MWCNTs changes the main wear mechanism of the MWCNTs/BMI composite from adhesive wear (for pure BMI resin) to abrasive attrition by changing the self-lubricating property of the wore surface, the dispersion of MWCNTs in the BMI matrix, the interfacial strength between MWCNTs and the matrix as well as the internal strength of the materials.     

Enhanced wave-absorbing performances of silicone rubber composites by incorporating C-SnO2-MWCNT absorbent with ternary heterostructure

SnO₂ and amorphous carbon were simultaneously introduced onto the surface of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) by a simple and green hydrothermal process followed by heat treatment, finally to obtain the C-SnO₂-MWCNT absorbent with ternary heterostructure. Subsequently, the C-SnO₂-MWCNT/silicone rubber wave-absorbing composites were prepared. XRD, Raman, XPS, SEM, TEM and TGA indicated the C-SnO₂-MWCNT absorbent with ternary heterostructure was fabricated successfully. When the mass fraction of C-SnO₂-MWCNT was 30 wt% and the thickness was 2.65 mm, the minimum reflection loss (RL_min) and effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of the C-SnO₂-MWCNT/silicone rubber wave-absorbing composites could reach −53.5 dB and 3.16 GHz, respectively. Excellent wave-absorbing performance was due to the synergistic effect of multiple interface & dipole polarization and conduction loss. Furthermore, the corresponding heat resistance index (T_HRI) of the C-SnO₂-MWCNT/silicone rubber wave-absorbing composites with 30 wt% C-SnO₂-MWCNT reached 209.9 °C, higher than that of neat silicone rubber (187.4 °C).     

基于等位基因的实数编码量子进化算法

为改善量子进化算法的早熟问题,提高算法搜索精度和收敛速度,提出了一种基于等位基因的实数编码量子进化算法。该算法以概率叠加的方式将实数变量按照等位基因进行编码,采用混合更新策略根据基因的"相对优良性"对等位基因进行变尺度变异,在全局搜索与局部搜索平衡的前提下提高搜索速度,之后引入Hε门更新等位基因对应的概率幅度。最后利用Markov链证明了其全局收敛性。数值算例将所提及算法与量子进化算法和基于双链编码的量子遗传算法进行比较,验证了算法的收敛速度和求解精度,并将该算法应用于纺织浆纱工艺参数的优化问题,获得了良好的优化效果。     

栅极宽度对IGBT通态压降的影响

利用silvaco软件对PT-IGBT的I-V特性进行了仿真,在同一电流密度下提取了不同栅极宽度IGBT的通态压降,得到了通态压降随栅极宽度变化的曲线,该仿真结果与理论分析一致。对于相同的元胞尺寸,栅极宽度存在最优值,只要合理地选取,可以有效地降低通态压降。     

Thermal energy storage performance of hierarchical porous kaolinite geopolymer based shape-stabilized composite phase change materials

Phase change materials (PCMs) are prospective energy materials that are widely applied in building energy conservation, waste heat recovery, infrared stealth technology and solar dynamic power system. The enhancement of heat transfer and leak-proof performance are critical to PCMs. Although geopolymers have been applied in thermal energy storage, meanwhile, hierarchically porous geopolymers have already shown superb performance in various functional applications, to the authors’ knowledge, no report concerning the application of hierarchical porous ones have been issued. This paper concerns the preparation of a shape-stabilized composite PCMs, consisting of hierarchically porous kaolinite-based geopolymer (PKG) embedding polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG4000), which shows promising prospects in thermal energy storage. Optimized porous geopolymer matrices feature high porosity (>83%), combined with high specific surface area (4.7 m²/g) and thermal conductivity (TC, 1.324 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹). Furthermore, the shape-stabilized composite PCMs show excellent thermal energy storage properties: loading rate of 80.93 wt%, latent heat of 168.80 J g⁻¹ and TC of ∼0.36 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹ at 20–30 °C, which is 1.64 times of the TC of pure PEG4000. Finally, the photothermal conversion performances of the shape-stabilized composite PCMs were also simulated.     

Prototyping Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-based multilayer ceramic capacitors for high-temperature and power electronics

Currently, research on capacitor materials for high-temperature and power electronics focuses on achieving new record-breaking limits for dielectric properties or energy storage densities, with little regard for the stability of key parameters during operation or component reliability. While environmental conditions usually do not exceed 300 °C, the voltage ratings of capacitors are still unclear. Within this work, multilayer ceramic capacitors based on lead-free sodium bismuth titanate with AgPd inner electrodes have exhibited exceptional stability of properties and capacitance at high temperatures and voltages during operation. Despite the lack of precise requirements and limits specified by manufacturers and industry, these prototype MLCCs can help to open up the field of high-temperature and power electronics. Their extensive stability of dielectric properties allows for a rather universal application.