添加银对大变形Cu-14Fe原位复合材料性能的影响

成分为Cu-14Fe合金及Cu-14Fe-0.1Ag合金经熔炼后,经拉拔成变形量为4,6,7,8的线材,随后进行了时间为1h的等温时效,在此基础上测试了合金的拉伸力学性能和电导率,用金相和扫描电子显微分析研究了不同处理态合金的微观组织结构及其变化.结果表明,添加银后,合金的强度和电导率均略有提高,且经合适的等温时效工艺...     

海洋能源综合优化开发及经济评价模型的构建

通过对海洋各种资源的开发特点、现阶段海洋资源开发单一性问题及经济评价形式不足等因素的阐述,提出能源综合优化开发的研究思路和可持续发展的研究对策,构建出海洋能源综合优化开发经济评价模型。研究认为应该：依托海洋油气生产设施在进行传统油气开采的同时,对天然气水合物进行全面开发;充分利用波浪、潮汐、洋流及海洋温差等海洋能进行发电,降低生产成本;还可实现CO2以水合物的形式封存海底,削弱全球温室效应;优化传统海上油气开采工艺,调整产业结构,开发独特的海洋资源综合优化技术,提高海洋资源利用率;构建综合经济评价模型实现海洋资源利用效益最大化,以减少投资决策过程中的主观性和盲目性,提高投资效益、降低投资风险、优化资源配置,为海洋项目的实施和资本运作提供科学依据。     

The effect of volume fraction of WC particles on wear behavior of in-situ WC/Fe composites by spark plasma sintering

Tungsten carbide (WC) particles have been in-situ synthesized through the reaction between tungsten particles and carbide particles by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The composites with different WC content were comparatively observed by the techniques of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction, hardness and pin-to-disc abrasive wear test. The results showed that the formed WC particles were homogenously distributed in the iron matrix with the size of smaller than 25 μm. Additionally, with the increasing of the WC content, the hardness of composites, the microhardness of matrix and the wear resistance increased, but there was no change significantly between 32 vol% WC/Fe composites and 42 vol% WC/Fe composites. The composites possessed excellent wear resistance comparing the specific wear rate determined in the present work to the martensitic wear-resistant steel under the load of 80 N after a sliding distance of ~ 950 m. The specific wear rate of the martensitic wear-resistant steel was a factor of 24 and 48 times higher than WC/Fe composites, when the content of WC was 32 vol% and 42 vol% in WC/Fe composites, respectively. The main wear mechanism was synthetic of abrasion wear and oxidation wear. The wear performance of 32 vol% WC/Fe composites didn't appear to be much different from 42 vol% WC/Fe composites, due to the WC particles in the 42 vol% composites produced stress concentration easily, which could ultimately induce the creak initiation around WC particles in the subsurface (near wear surface) and propagation to wear surface promoting the breakup of surface film.     

CrN涂层电化学剥离研究

CrN涂层因其热稳定性、沉积温度、优秀的耐磨性能和良好的抗腐蚀性而在加工领域得到应用.不过,在某些情况下经常需要将此种涂层剥离下来而不伤及基体表面.本文利用电化学技术开发了一种在碱性溶液中剥离CrN涂层的工艺.在恒电流条件下,我们分别研究了CrN单一涂层和复合涂层剥离.由于在电流作用下氮化物具有较强的表面活性,从而产生更多的可溶成分.此控制过程简单易行,当电流密度突然上升时,就意味着CrN涂层完全剥离.涂层剥离后的样品表面形态良好,由于剥离后的表面上并没有发现蚀损斑,且表面均匀一致,这为CrN涂层的再沉积创造了必要的条件.     

耐烧蚀酚醛树脂的研究进展

从酚醛树脂(PF)的改性和合成新型结构的PF两方面讨论了PF用作耐烧蚀材料的研究进展。其中PF的改性主要包括有机硅改性、重金属改性、钼酸改性、硼酸改性及胺类改性等;而合成新型结构的PF种类主要有马来酰亚胺官能线形PF、烯丙基官能线形PF、烯丙基-双马来酰亚胺官能线形PF、酰亚胺的酚三嗪树脂、酚三嗪树脂及炔基官能PF等。     

Effect of Boron and Cerium on Microstructures and Properties of Cu-Fe-P Alloy

The effects of B and Ce on the removal of inclusions, microstructures, and properties of Cu-Fe-P alloys were studied. Certain impurity elements and the microstructures, mechanical properties, and conductivity of four experimental alloys, Cu-0.22Fe-0.06P, Cu-0.22Fe-0.06P-0.05Ce, Cu-0.22Fe-0.06P-0.02B, and Cu-0.22Fe-0.06P-0.05Ce-0. 02B （ %, mass fraction）, were tested and analyzed. Results show that on one hand, B and Ce have a remarkable function of removing S, Pb, and Bi from copper alloys ; on the other hand, the recrystallization temperature of the Cu-Fe-P alloy is considerably increased by adding trace B and Ce, resulting in the combined strengthening effect of precipitation hardening and cold work hardening after cold working and aging, while the negative effect of B and Ce on conductivity is slight. Therefore, a good combination of high strength and conductivity is achieved.     

25Cr2Mo1VA钢奥氏体晶粒长大规律探讨

 为了研究不同加热温度和保温时间下25Cr2Mo1VA钢奥氏体晶粒长大规律,利用金相显微镜、TEM、EDS以及截距法分析了不同状态下奥氏体晶粒大小、形貌,析出相类型及其大小分布等。结果表明,当加热温度在900 ℃以下,试验钢的奥氏体晶粒长大缓慢且细小;随着温度加热至950 ℃,奥氏体晶粒出现了“混晶”现象,再加热超过1 000 ℃后,奥氏体晶粒异常长大。随保温时间的延长,奥氏体晶粒也会长大,但保温时间对奥氏体晶粒尺寸的影响没有加热温度显著。试验钢中出现近似球形状的析出相,即为富钒的非计量化合物M₈C₇析出相。根据Anelli改进模型和回归分析,建立了试验钢奥氏体晶粒长大的热力学模型,并结合析出相粒子对奥氏体晶粒钉扎作用,探讨了25Cr2Mo1VA钢的奥氏体晶粒长大规律及成因。     

化学法去除废旧硬质合金表面TiN涂层过程中的腐蚀行为

采用3D高景深显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和能谱分析,观察和分析废旧硬质合金表面的TiN涂层在K2C2O4+H2O2+NaOH介质中的腐蚀形貌和腐蚀产物,并研究TiN涂层的腐蚀类型及腐蚀机理。结果表明,废旧硬质合金试样在草酸钾和双氧水的碱性溶液中的反应时间超过2 h后,合金表面的TiN涂层能完全去除干净,去除时存在点腐蚀、缝隙腐蚀和均匀腐蚀等腐蚀类型。涂层中的钛以Ti(C2O4)22的形式溶解在溶液中,氮则以NH3的形式从溶液中释放出来。     

高速钢钻头的热处理工艺及辅助夹具

在热处理生产中,因零件的形状各异,技术要求及热处理设备差异等原因,设计和制作一些热处理工装夹具以配合零件热处理是十分必要的。本文以高速钢直柄钻头为例,介绍了钻头热处理工艺改进,通过分级、等温淬火和深冷处理,提高了钻头的硬度、耐磨性,并在一定程度上改善了钻头的韧性。同时配备合适的热处理辅助夹具,不但可减少零件的变形,满足零件的技术要求;而且还极大地降低了劳动强度,提高了生产效率。     

Effect of the displacement damage from argon ion irradiation on the synergistic effect of helium–hydrogen in tungsten

The effect of argon ion pre-irradiation on helium and hydrogen ion irradiation was investigated in tungsten. At the same time, comparative experiments were carried out on the irradiation of helium and hydrogen ions in tungsten. Without the argon ion irradiation, the energy of 35 keV hydrogen ions mainly accelerated the coalescence of defects created by the 60 keV helium ions, the irradiation damage degree increased with hydrogen ion fluence increasing. With the argon ion irradiation, lots of voids were created by argon ion irradiation, which increased the helium and hydrogen retention and the synergistic effect of helium–hydrogen in tungsten. In the same hydrogen fluence, the surface damage degree with argon ion pre-irradiation was higher than that without argon ion pre-irradiation.