新型等效斜楔设计

针对现有的静态斜楔干涉具无法实现零光程差,并且对被测光的空间相干性要求较高,进而影响光谱反演的准确性和复杂性问题,提出了一种新型等效斜楔干涉具,该等效斜楔由两种折射率不同的材料构成,两个反射面完全垂直,干涉的两束光是由同一束光分开而得,因此对光的空间相干性无太高要求,并且可以实现零光程差。理论推导了该斜楔不同位置的光程差公式和光谱反演公式,并且设计了该等效斜楔,其最大光程差可达168.3 m,对光谱测量过程进行了仿真分析,结合最大光程差和所测光谱波段分析了线阵CCD的像元数要求。采用532 nm单纵模激光器和632.8 nm氦氖激光器进行了实验分析,实验结果得到中心波长误差小于0.2%。     

基于C8051f040单片机的光离子化气体浓度检测电路设计

对光离子化气体浓度的测量,本质上是对其产生的微电流的测量。为此以C8051f040单片机为核心器件,采用内部ADC、信号采集单元设计一种测量系统,可以对0~200×10-6量程范围内的待测气体浓度实时检测并用数码管显示。该系统通过金属屏蔽信号采集单元和在软件编程中采用过采样、数字滤波相结合的方法来提高系统的信噪比。在计算机自动配气系统中测试了二甲醚的气体浓度,误差范围≤0.07×10-6,响应速度快、工作可靠、可作为实际应用。     

高Q值光学微球腔的温度系数研究

光学微球谐振腔由于其具有超高的Q值及极小的模式体积等优点,在高灵敏度传感和光通信等方面得到了广泛的研究。测试了未封装和封装后微球腔谐振波长随温度的变化,实验结果表明随温度增大,谐振波长线性红移,且线性度高。二者温度系数不同,未封装时为25.6 pm/℃,封装后为4.4 pm/℃,主要原因为紫外胶的负热光系数所致。理论分析了紫外胶的热光效应,通过控制紫外胶厚度可以改变光在紫外胶中的比例,从而调节温度系数。当光在紫外胶中比例为0.1135时,温度系数变为0,可以抑制温度漂移,实现了温度补偿;该比例继续增大,温度灵敏度提高。低温漂、高灵敏度、微型化拓宽了回音壁模式(WGM)传感器的应用潜力。     

MEMS压电-磁电复合式振动能量采集器

具有高能量输出密度的自我供电振动能量采集技术有着迫切的应用需求,是智能化MEMS器件系统发展的重要方向。研究了一种可将外界环境振动能转化为电能的MEMS压电-磁电复合振动能量采集器,其综合了压电发电和磁电发电的优势,为新型MEMS供电研究提供了新思路。利用溶胶-凝胶工艺完成锆钛酸铅(PZT)压电功能薄膜的制备,采用MEMS加工技术完成器件四悬臂梁-中心质量块基础结构的设计和制作,结合集成封装技术实现微结构与永磁铁的微组装。测试结果表明:在一阶谐振频率247 Hz,10 g加速度激励的振动状态下,器件压电部分压电敏感单元与磁电部分电感线圈的单位体积最大有效输出电压分别为2.066×107和5.002×106 mV/cm3。     

像增强器在高速图像采集中的应用分析

对以9350EOS-3-PRO三代像增强器和MC1362高速相机为平台搭建的高速采集系统进行了简单介绍,对可能影响像增强器工作的外部因素进行了实验分析。从电压和照度两个方面出发,通过实验采集数据并用MATLAB软件处理后得到结果。分析结果表明,当电压在2.98 V~4.22 V之间时,成像效果无明显变化,但在低照度环境下能显著提高成像效果,在高照度环境下工作容易饱和,有待进一步改善     

Large electrocaloric effect with ultrawide temperature span in Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3-based lead-free ceramics

Innovative cooling technologies are recognized by many industries as a crucial part of their system design. A large electrocaloric effect (ECE) and extended working temperature are the key issues hindering the realization of electrocaloric refrigeration technology. In this work, large ECE (ΔT = 0.8–0.9°C @ 4 kV/mm) with an ultrawide temperature span from 30 to 120°C is noted for lead-free (Na_1/2Bi_1/2)_0.80Sr_0.20(Zn_1/3Nb_2/3)_xTi_1-xO₃ ceramics. The excellent ECE performance can be ascribed to the evolution of polar nanoregions. Our work suggests that this material is promising for applications in solid-state refrigeration systems with a broad range of operating temperatures.     

Achieving both high electromechanical properties and temperature stability in textured PMN-PT ceramics

Textured piezoelectric ceramics, such as textured Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-PbTiO₃ (PMN-PT) ceramics, have attracted considerable attention from both academia and industry, as they possess crystal-like piezoelectric properties, high composition homogeneity, and low manufacturing cost. However, the main difficulty with the textured piezoelectric ceramics is the presence of BaTiO₃ (BT) templates, which greatly reduces their piezoelectricity and phase transition temperature. Thus, it is highly recommended to fabricate textured piezoelectric ceramics using as few templates as possible. Here, we successfully fabricated high-quality <001>-textured PMN-28PT ceramics (texturing degree of 99%) by using an extremely small amount of BT templates (1 vol.%) with the help of CuO/B₂O₃ sintering aids. The textured PMN-28PT ceramic exhibits 80% piezoelectric coefficient (d₃₃ ∼ 1200 pC/N), 96% electromechanical coefficient (k₃₃ ∼ 88%) and the same temperature stability (T_rt ∼ 100, T_c ∼ 150°C) when compared to its single crystal counterpart. In addition, by using an alternating current electric field poling (AC-poling), the piezoelectric coefficient d₃₃ and dielectric permittivity ε₃₃ of the textured PMN-28PT ceramics were further enhanced around 5–8%. It is believed that the advantages of high electromechanical properties, low cost, and easy mass production of textured PMN-28PT ceramic will make it a promising candidate for advanced electromechanical devices.     

基于TDLAS和ICL的紧凑中红外痕量气体探测系统

为了实现基于可调谐激光吸收光谱技术的高检测灵敏度、低功耗、小型中红外痕量气体传感器设计,结合锑化镓(GaSb)ICL和紧凑型多反射气体吸收气室(MPC)研制了基于不同结构传感光学核的两个小型TDLAS传感系统。两个传感光学核的总功率消耗为3.7 W,并通过探测甲烷(CH4)和甲醛(CH2O)分别验证了双层结构和单层结构系统的性能。实验结果表明:CH4和CH2O系统的检测灵敏度分别为5.0nL/L和3.0nL/L,测量精度分别为1.4nL/L和1.0nL/L。此外,相同配置情况下将两种结构系统应用于甲、乙烷(C2H6)同步检测,通过对校园环境中甲、乙烷进行连续66h的监测试验,验证了设计的紧凑型中红外痕量气体检测系统能够稳定有效地工作,基本满足目前民用气体测量的稳定可靠、精度高、抗干扰能力强等要求。     

633 nm激光辐射沿心包经脉线传输特性的实验测量

基于生物医学光学的原理与测量技术,设计了无损检测光波沿人体经脉线传输特性的实验方案,测量了633 nm光波沿心包经脉线和旁开非经脉线方向的光波辐出度特征,分析了光波调制频率对测量光信号的影响.实验对象为20例健康青年志愿者,实验结果采用医学统计软件SPSS13.0进行统计分析.研究初步表明:光波沿经脉线方向和非经脉线方向的光强度衰减差异明显(P＜0.01),且光波沿经脉线方向的衰减小于非经脉线方向;在低频范围内,光波调制频率越大,光波沿经脉线的衰减越快.