基于纯声子散射模型的梯度阻热涂层热力分析

梯度阻热涂层(由不同混合比的阻热涂层和底层材料组成)可以降低阻热涂层(陶瓷)材料和底层(金属)材料之间因热失配而产生的热应力.结合纯声子散射模型(用于梯度阻热涂层)与傅里叶热传导模型(用于底层),用数值方法求解梯度阻热涂层的温度场和应力场,研究了阻热涂层参数(松弛时间、声子速度)梯度分布对温度场的影响以及阻热涂层力学性能(弹性模量、热膨胀系数)梯度分布对热应力的影响.结果表明:阻热涂层参数梯度分布能明显减小梯度阻热涂层的温度梯度;阻热涂层力学性能梯度分布能降低梯度阻热涂层的热应力,其中热膨胀系数梯度分布的影响明显大于弹性模量梯度分布的影响.     

Geometric,kinematical and thermal analyses of non-round cylindrical grinding

This paper is concerned with the analyses of grinding geometry and kinematics in the grinding zone and develops a thermal model, along with a chip-thickness-dependent value of specific grinding energy into the workpiece. The grinding geometry and kinematics are modeled for arbitrary non-round workpiece forms. Unlike other models, which are based on a fixed, constant geometry, the model presented here is based on first principles using a fundamental, transient, non-constant geometry and thus constitutes a much-needed advancement in grinding technology. A novel experimental approach is also taken, which uses the specific grinding energy into the workpiece, rather than the total specific grinding energy coupled with an estimate of the energy partition, an estimate which previously has proven difficult to achieve accurately. The model is verified with experimental work and predicted temperatures are in reasonable agreement with temperatures associated with the onset of thermal damage, determined via metallographic examination and Barkhausen noise. Finally, some of the challenges of using Barkhausen noise to evaluate thermal damage are investigated, namely the differing response characteristics of stressed and overtempered material vs. rehardened material, and how these can be overcome in practice.     

Hemp yarn reinforced composites – I. Yarn characteristics

The potential of plant fibres in structural materials components is explored by applying textile hemp yarn for fabrication of composites with aligned fibres. This first paper presents a detailed characterisation of the hemp yarn. It is shown that the hemp yarn has a high cellulose content (about 90%), the fibres are evenly dispersed within the yarn with a mean twisting angle of about 11°, the moisture sorption capacity is relatively low (e.g. moisture content of about 8% at 65% RH), and the mechanical properties are good (e.g. tensile ultimate stress of about 660 MPa). These findings show that textile hemp yarn is well suited for composite reinforcement. The accompanying second paper is addressing the mechanical properties of the composites.     

主动结构的控制律辨识研究

主动控制结构主要运用于包括振动、声学、转子动力学的一些工程项目中。对于各种主动结构,其控制律显然是最能反映主动结构动力学特征的参数。在对相关参数进行了初步的探讨后,得到了在单点控制单点反馈条件下,对其反馈信号类型及其反馈增益的辨识公式。该方法由频响函数直接构造,其表达简洁,具有一定的工程实用价值。通过实例的数值计算也证实了该方法的正确性。     

The voids formation mechanisms and their effects on the mechanical properties of flax fiber reinforced epoxy composites

Unidirectional flax fiber reinforced composites (FFRC) were made by hot press. Effects of processing parameters, including curing pressure, time and temperature on the distribution, shape and content of the voids formed during the manufacturing process of FFRC were investigated. The voids were characterized with the aid of ultrasonic C-scan and optical microscopy. Tensile and interlaminar shear properties of FFRC containing different content and shape of the voids were tested. The results showed that the voids were easily trapped in both the intralaminar and inside the flax yarns of FFRC due to the distinct structural characteristics of flax fibers. The relationships between voids and mechanical properties of the composites were established.     

The compressive responses of glass fiber composite pyramidal truss cores sandwich panel at different temperatures

A new method for fabricating glass fiber composite sandwich panel with pyramidal truss cores was developed based on the vacuum assisted resin transfer molding technology. The microstructure and organizations of fabricated sandwich panels were examined by the scanning electron microscope. The out-of-plane compressive tests of composite sandwich panels were performed throughout the temperature range from −60 °C to 125 °C. Then the effects of temperature on the compressive strength, compressive modulus and failure mechanism were investigated and analyzed. Our results indicated that cryogenic temperature resulted in the increasing of the compressive modulus and strength, while high temperature caused the degradation of the compressive modulus and strength. The effect of temperature on failure mode of composite sandwich panel was also observed. Analytical expressions were presented to predict the compressive modulus and strength of composite sandwich panels at different temperatures.     

Hierarchical wood cellulose fiber/epoxy biocomposites – Materials design of fiber porosity and nanostructure

Delignified chemical wood pulp fibers can be designed to have a controlled structure of cellulose fibril aggregates to serve as porous templates in biocomposites with unique properties. The potential of these fibers as reinforcement for an epoxy matrix (EP) was investigated in this work. Networks of porous wood fibers were impregnated with monomeric epoxy and cured. Microscopy images from ultramicrotomed cross sections and tensile fractured surfaces were used to study the distribution of matrix inside and around the fibers – at two different length scales. Mechanical characterization at different relative humidity showed much improved mechanical properties of biocomposites based on epoxy-impregnated fibers and they were rather insensitive to surrounding humidity. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of cellulose-fiber biocomposites were compared with those of cellulose-nanofibril (CNF) composites; strong similarities were found between the two materials. The reasons for this, some limitations and the role of specific surface area of the fiber are discussed.     

考虑断面及纵向施工效应时支护圆形洞室黏弹解析分析

针对深埋圆形洞室,用半径时变函数模拟断面开挖过程,引入空间影响系数对力学模型进行修正以考虑纵向开挖影响。当岩体模拟为任一黏弹性材料时,将方程拉普拉斯变换求得位移通解,逆变换后代入边界条件确定待定函数,最终得到用洞周面力表达的围岩应力、位移统一解。区分开挖与支护时段,利用围岩与支护接触条件建立关于支护力的积分方程。当取 Boltzmann 黏弹模型时,求解积分方程得到支护力的确切表达,并可求得开挖过程及任意时刻支护后应力、位移分段解析表达。算例分析表明,纵向推进速度越大,位移越大; 断面开挖较快时纵向推进速度对位移的影响越显著 。最终洞型和纵向推进速度均相同时,采用不同断面开挖速度且挖完立即支护时,开挖较快的情况位移变化较剧烈,而支护后最终稳定位移较小。但是,相应支护阶段产生的位移较大,支护力也较大。文中导出的解可用于计算圆形洞室半径任意开挖并加支护后的应力、位移,该方法也适用于其它黏弹模型岩体的施工分析。     

功能梯度材料单参数反演分析(英文)

功能梯度材料的材料参数随位置变化,以目前的实验手段来看,逐一测定各个材料参数的分布曲线工作量很大,有些材料常数的测定十分困难(特别是沿厚度材料常数梯度分布).本文利用细观元法探讨功能梯度材料参数的反演识别问题,即在获知实测位移或固有频率的情况下,对功能梯度材料的内部参数及其分布进行反演识别.显然,这可大大简化功能梯度材料的基本力学性能测试工作,为功能梯度材料的进一步研究奠定基础.