Preparation and thermal performance analysis of novel multilayer cladding structure composites

With regard to the adiabatic principle of insulation, a novel multilayer cladding structure composites (MCSC) with vacuum inside was put forward, which could be used in high temperature insulation field. In the composites, SiO₂ was used to fill the microcracks and protect the carbon matrix from oxidizing. This novel material was composed of two parts, one was the core material consisted of SiC foam ceramic, the other was the flawless outer shell consisted of carbon fiber reinforced composites with vacuum inside that produced by Chemical Vapor Infiltration (CVI) Pyrolytic Carbon (PyC) and silicasol-infiltration–sintering methods. Material density was 0.81 g/cm³. The effective thermal conductivity of MCSC ranged from 0.193 W/m · K to 0.721 W/m · K within the temperature from 303 K to 703 K, which was 13.5–23.3% lower than the value of SiC ceramic foam core materials. However, at 1473 K, the measured data of MCSC and SiC foam were 1.815 W/m · K and 1.911 W/m · K, respectively. It was only 5.02% lower than that of SiC foam.     

Crystal structure and magnetic dynamics of a novel salen type and β-diketonate Dy2 complex

A novel salen type dinuclear dysprosium complex e.g., [Dy₂(H₂L)(acac)₆]·4CH₃OH (1) [H₂L = N,N′-(1.3-propylene)bis(3-methoxysalicylideneimine) has been isolated by reactions of Dy(acac)₃·H₂O (acac = acetylacetonate) with salen type (H₂L), respectively. X-ray crystallographic analyses reveal that asymmetric Dy(III) ions for 1 was bridged by one ligand displaying bicapped trigonal prism coordination geometry. Magnetic measurement shows that complex 1 exhibit slow relaxations under zero dc field. The presence of two magnetic relaxations in complex 1 is associated with the presence of minute differences in bond lengths around Dy(III) center.     

光催化-生物杂合系统设计优化用于燃料和化学品绿色合成

光催化-生物杂合系统耦合了光催化对光能的高收集效率和广谱吸收性能,以及生物催化温和、高效且高特异性转化的优势,可实现多种高值化学品和燃料分子的绿色、可持续合成,符合“碳中和”发展大方向。按照生物催化载体的不同,光催化-生物杂合系统可分为：光催化-生物酶杂合系统和光催化-微生物杂合系统两大类。光催化-生物酶杂合系统根据作用机制细分为：辅因子介导的间接反应体系、直接电子传递的反应体系以及混合型光催化-生物酶杂合系统;光催化-微生物杂合系统分为：直接电子传递的胞外供能模式、化学物质介导的胞外供能模式以及胞内的能量供给模式。对这些模式的具体作用机制,以及存在的优缺点和关键问题做出了综合评述,并对该领域提出了未来展望。     

三维菱形结构微通道内气液传质与强化

研究了具有三维交错菱形结构的微通道对离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([Bmim][BF₄])水溶液吸收CO₂过程的传质增强作用。实验主要聚焦于弹状流和破碎弹状流。考察了弹状流型下气液流量、离子液体浓度对体积传质系数k_La、增强因子E、CO₂吸收率X及压力降ΔP的影响。结果表明,较之于直通道,三维菱形通道可以显著提高体积传质系数和CO₂吸收率,其增强因子可达2.1,压力降仅增加 0.9 kPa。提出了一个新的体积传质系数k_La预测式,预测效果良好。采用VOF法模拟了微通道内气液两相流动过程,获得了连续相的速度矢量场。三维菱形通道能诱导涡流,强化传质过程。     

维生素A生物合成的研究进展

维生素A是维持人体代谢的必需维生素,在食品、药品及护肤品等多个领域占有重要地位,是三大维生素支柱产品之一,应用前景广阔。市场上的维生素A主要来源于化学合成和天然提取。近年来,随着绿色生物制造的发展,维生素A的生物合成研究取得了重大的进展。总结了维生素A生物合成的研究现状,并对维生素A生物合成的优化改造方案进行了分析归纳,概述了维生素A发酵生产以及产品组分调控和储存策略,最后对生物合成维生素A的现状进行总结与展望。     

Direct ink writing of cordierite ceramics with low thermal expansion coefficient

Since the application of cordierite ceramics is limited by the disadvantages of traditional preparation techniques, 3D printing technology provides the only choice for the rapid preparation of cordierite ceramics with highly complex structures. In this work, the fabrication of cordierite ceramics with complex structures was achieved by direct ink writing. The near-net-shape of cordierite ceramics was realized by the volume expansion caused by the phase transformation. A cordierite ceramic with an average shrinkage rate of 1.58 % was obtained at 1400 °C. The low shrinkage avoids design and manufacturing procedures carried out for dimensional and alignment errors. In addition, the coefficient of thermal expansion was as low as 1.69 × 10^?6 °C^?1. The effect of configuration on the thermal behavior of cordierite ceramics is understood by analyzing the phase composition and microstructure. The cordierites ink reported in this work offers additional possibilities for the production of novel complex structures.     

嗜盐单胞菌利用乙酸盐合成PHB的研究

首先测试了嗜盐单胞菌Halomonas sp.TD1.0对乙酸钠的耐受性,结果显示乙酸钠浓度由25 g·L^-1提高到100 g·L^-1时对TD1.0生长的抑制率只有45.8%。在摇瓶培养中,TD1.0在36 h内消耗完27.3 g·L^-1乙酸钠,细胞干质量达到9.6 g·L^-1,其中PHB质量分数为61%,表明该菌株具有很好的高浓度乙酸钠耐受性和利用乙酸合成PHB的特性。随后为进一步提高乙酸钠的利用速度,在TD1.0中分别用高拷贝和低拷贝表达载体表达了来自枯草芽孢杆菌的乙酰辅酶A合成酶基因acs,结果显示,含有高拷贝表达质粒的菌株TD-PN59的乙酸盐平均利用速率为0.91 g·L^-1·h^-1,比 TD1.0提高了19.7%。TD-PN59的细胞干质量和PHB质量分数分别达到9.98 g·L^-1和65%,PHB产量达到6.49 g·L^-1,比TD1.0提高了约10.8%。在以葡萄糖和乙酸钠为混合碳源(10 g·L^-1 Glu和10 g·L^-1 NaAC)的培养基中,利用低拷贝载体表达acs的TD-PN85菌株的乙酸钠利用速率显著高于TD1.0,并且在一定程度上缓解了碳分解代谢物阻遏现象(CCR),促进了葡萄糖和乙酸钠的共利用。     

二异丁烯反应精馏生产过程控制策略设计

二异丁烯是一种重要的化工中间体,近年来研究者提出了以催化裂化C₄为原料、采用反应精馏技术同时生产高纯二异丁烯和汽油添加剂的新工艺。由于反应精馏过程中非线性程度高,稳定控制困难,使得采用反应精馏技术生产二异丁烯过程的控制策略研究较少。采用Aspen dynamic软件进行动态模拟,针对反应精馏生产二异丁烯过程开发了温度控制方案、组分温度联合控制方案和组分温度串级控制方案。对3个控制系统进行（±10）%的进料流量扰动和（±5）%组成扰动测试并进行对比。结果表明：组分温度串级控制方案在添加扰动的情况下依然保证了二异丁烯质量分数99%,三异丁烯质量分数小于10%以及异丁烯转化率大于99%的要求,并且最终稳定时间约5 h,具有更好的抗干扰性能。研究结果能够为二异丁烯产品的生产工艺工业化应用提供设计依据。     

ε-CL-20在二元混合溶剂中晶体形貌的分子动力学模拟

利用分子动力学模拟的方法探究了乙酸乙酯与二溴甲烷组成的二元溶剂在298.15 K,1 atm下对ε-CL-20晶体形貌的影响。通过修正附着能模型(MAE)模型探究了溶剂-晶体相互作用,用分子动力学模拟预测了不同组成的乙酸乙酯/二溴甲烷混合溶剂中ε-CL-20的晶体形貌并与实验获得ε-CL-20的晶体形貌进行了对比。结果表明,实验获得的晶体形貌与模拟结果一致,且晶面粗糙度越大,溶剂-晶体相互作用越强。此外,还通过均方位移(MSD)分析了溶剂分子在不同晶面的扩散系数,探究了溶剂扩散速率对不同晶面的影响,并利用径向分布函数(RDF)分析了溶剂分子与晶体分子间相互作用的组成。     

Chemical reactions of oily sludge catalyzed by iron oxide under supercritical water gasification condition

Supercritical water gasification is a promising technology in dealing with the degradation of hazardous waste, such as oily sludge, accompanied by the production of fuel gases. To evaluate the mechanism of Fe₂O₃ catalyst and the migration pathways of heteroatoms and to investigate the systems during the process, reactive force field molecular dynamics simulations are adopted. In terms of the catalytic mechanisms of Fe₂O₃, the surface lattice oxygen is consumed by small carbon fragments to produce CO and CO₂, improving the catalytic performance of the cluster due to more unsaturated coordination Fe sites exposed. Lattice oxygen combines with •H radicals to form water molecules, improving the catalytic performance. Furthermore, the pathway of asphaltene degradation was revealed at an atomic level, as well as products. Moreover, the adsorption of hydroxyl radical on the S atom caused breakage of the two C–S bonds in turn, forming •HSO intermediate, so that the organic S element was fixed into the inorganic liquid phase. The heteroatom O was removed under the effects of supercritical water. Heavy metal particles presented in the oily sludge, such as iron in association with Fe₂O₃ catalyst, helped accelerate the degradation of asphaltenes.