Al2O3对AlPO4催化剂的结构及其缩醛化反应活性的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了系列AlPO₄-Al₂O₃催化剂,利用XRD、TG-DTA、NH₃-TPD和催化剂评价等方法,研究了制备条件对催化剂结构和缩醛化反应催化性能的影响,结果表明,Al₂O₃的存在不仅能提高AlPO4的热稳定性,而且可以调节催化剂的表面酸性性能。在适宜的缩醛化反应条件下,400 ℃焙烧和Al₂O₃质量分数为15%的AlPO₄-Al₂O₃催化剂样品具有较好的催化活性,1,2-丙二醇转化率达28.1%,AlPO₄-Al₂O₃催化剂的缩醛化反应活性与表面弱酸中心的酸量成顺变关系。     

Ethanol steam reforming reactions over Al2O3 · SiO2-supported Ni-La catalysts

Nickel-based catalysts supported on Al₂O₃ · SiO₂ were prepared with modification of the second metal involving La, Co, Cu, Zr or Y, of which the catalytic behaviors were assessed in the ethanol steam reforming reaction. Activity test indicated that addition of La resulted in higher selectivity of hydrogen and lower selectivity of carbon monoxide, compared with Co-doped nickel catalyst. Influences of lanthanum amounts on catalytic performance were studied over 30NixLa/Al₂O₃ · SiO₂ (x = 5, 10, 15), and characterizations by XRD, TPR and XPS indicated that low amount of lanthanum additives (5%) was superior to inhibit the crystal growth of nickel as well as beneficial to the reduction of nickel oxide. Finally 100 h test for the optimal catalyst 30Ni5La/Al₂O₃ · SiO₂ indicated its good long-term stability to provide high hydrogen selectivity and low carbon monoxide formation, as well as good resistance to coke deposition at low temperature.     

Preparation and properties of porous ceramic aggregates using electrical insulators waste

In this paper, porous ceramic aggregates were prepared by electrical insulators waste (EIW). Effects of sintering temperature and content of EIW on the aggregates’ properties such as bulk density, and apparent porosity, total porosity, and cold crushing strength were investigated. With increasing sintering temperature and content of EIW, bulk density and cold crushing strength of the aggregates increased, apparent porosity and total porosity decreased. Based on these results, total porosity of specimens in group B sintered at 1200 °C is 62.0%, cold crushing strength is 35.3 N, and thermal conductivity is 0.165 W/(m K) at 300 °C. Comprehensive properties of specimens can be optimized by adjusting sintering temperature. Meanwhile, strength variation resulted from the combined effects of phase transformation and matrix densification under different sintering temperatures.     

热敏黑可逆热致变色复配物及其微胶囊化研究

分别选用了二苯甲酮、苯甲酸苯酯和苄基苯基醚作为3组分可逆热致变色复配物的溶剂,选出变色较灵敏、对比度较高的苯甲酸苯酯复配物进行微胶囊包覆。结果表明溶剂与显色剂的作用力强度对热致变色复配物可逆变色性能有很大的影响,而通过微胶囊包覆的方法可以得到稳定性好、变色灵敏程度高、对比度强的可逆热致变色材料。     

聚合物电解质膜燃料电池气体扩散层上新型双层微孔层的制备和性能

聚合物电解质膜燃料电池（PEMFC）的微孔层对电池性能有重要影响。首次使用多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）在碳纸上先制备1层微孔层,再用碳黑（CB）在其上制备第2层微孔层,形成双层微孔层。从不同尺度上观察了微孔层（MPL）的形貌和结构,测量了气体扩散层（GDL）垂直向电阻,并测试了电池性能。结果表明,双层微孔层的平整程度与单独使用碳黑制备的微孔层相似,比单独使用MWCNTs制备的微孔层更加平整;双层微孔层的GDL垂直向的电阻比单层微孔层的GDL更小;使用双层微孔层制备的膜电极比相同碳载量下的单层微孔层制备的膜电极性能更好。     

A Two-step Design Method for Shaft Work Targeting on Low-temperature Process

In low-temperature processes, there are interactions between heat exchanger network （HEN） and refrig-eration system. The modification on HEN of the chilling train for increasing energy recovery does not always coor-dinate with the minimum shaft work consumption of the corresponding refrigeration system. In this paper, a sys-tematic approach for optimizing low-temperature system is presented through mathematical method and exergy analysis. The possibility of＂pockets＂, which appears as right nose section in the grand composite curve （EGCC） of the process, is first optimized. The EGCC with the pockets cutting down is designed as a separate part. A case study is used to illustrate the application of the approach for a HEN of a chilling train with propylene and ethylene refrig-erant system in an ethylene production process.     

聚碳酸酯聚氨酯的结构及性能

引言 聚氨酯由于具有很好的生物相容性和血液相容性,加上优异的机械强度和耐挠屈性[1-2],很早就作为医用材料受到人们的重视.过去很多研究工作集中在对聚醚型聚氨酯的合成方面[3-5],但大量研究表明,聚醚聚氨酯容易在血液中巨嗜细胞所产生氧自由基的作用下氧化降解,导致生理条件下的应力开裂.与聚醚聚氨酯相比,聚碳酸酯聚氨酯(PCNU)在小直径血管和内部血管治疗中,显示出了更好的向内生长能力,且有较低的水透过率,后者对永久人工心脏的制造有着极为重要的意义.     

新型渗透蒸发膜聚甲基双苯基硅氧烷膜的制备和分离

采用2种不同配方制备出苯基含量不同的聚甲基双苯基硅氧烷(PMPhS)膜并用于分离苯-水体系。接触角测定结果表明2种膜比PDMS膜亲苯疏水性增强。以渗透通量和分离因子为评价指标,研究了原料液温度、流动状况、质量分数、膜下游侧压力对渗透蒸发分离性能的影响,结果表明,随着原料液温度、流速以及料液浓度的提高,通量和分离因子都增加,随着下游侧压力的升高,通量和分离因子均降低。     

对叔丁基苯酚连续精馏技术的开发与应用

通过对混合叔丁基苯酚分离过程的模拟计算与设计,开发出了对叔丁基苯酚的连续精馏技术。该技术工业应用结果表明,与传统的间歇精馏技术相比,该技术具有产品含量和收率高、产品质量稳定及能量消耗低等特点。采用连续精馏技术,对叔丁基苯酚生产工艺路线合理,具有推广应用价值。     

新型抗肿瘤药物Epothilones的电子结构研究

采用量子化学和分子力学方法寻找一类新型促微管蛋白聚合的大环内酯类抗肿瘤药(Epothilones)的优势构象并进行定量构效关系的研究。通过相关性分析得知,分子的偶极矩和核-核排斥能对分子的活性差异性有显著的影响,可以通过改变C12和C15侧链来改变分子的偶极矩从而提高Epothilones的生物活性。此外,C7上的O原子和C15侧链噻唑基团上的N原子的负电荷增加,对Epothilones的生物活性的增大有利。