Molecular mechanism for the effects of trehalose on beta-hairpin folding revealed by molecular dynamics simulation

Recent work has shown that trehalose can facilitate and inhibit protein folding, but little is known about the molecular basis of these effects. Molecular-level insights into how the osmolyte affects protein folding are of significance for the rational design of small molecular additives for enhancing or hindering the folding of proteins. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of the facilitation and inhibition effects of trehalose on protein folding, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of a beta-hairpin peptide (Trp-Arg-Tyr-Tyr-Glu-Ser-Ser-Leu-Glu-Pro-Glu-Pro-Asp) in different trehalose concentrations (0-0.26 mol/L) is performed using an all-atom model. It is found that at a proper trehalose concentration (0.065 mol/L), the peptide folds faster than that in water, but it cannot fold to the beta-hairpin at higher trehalose concentrations. Free energy landscape analysis indicates the presence of three intermediate states in both pure water and in 0.065 mol/L trehalose, but the potential energy barriers in the folding pathway decrease greatly in 0.065 mol/L trehalose, so the peptide folding is facilitated. Moreover, at this trehalose concentration, there is a favorable balance between the peptide backbone hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) and the peptide-trehalose H-bonds, leading to the stabilization of the folded peptide. At higher trehalose concentrations, however, trehalose molecules cluster in the peptide region and interact with the peptide via many H-bonds that prevent the peptide from folding to its native structure. The energy landscape analysis indicates that the potential energy barriers increase so greatly that the peptide cannot overcome it, getting trapped in a local free energy basin. The work reported herein has elucidated the molecular mechanism of the peptide folding in the presence of trehalose.     

软模板法制备球形TiO_2中空纳米电泳粒子

电泳粒子的稳定性对电泳显示器件的显示效果至关重要.由于二氧化钛粒子密度较大,极易团聚,所以很难悬浮于有机溶剂中.模板法可以有效控制所合成纳米材料的形貌、结构和大小.以聚合物为模板,通过湿化学法模板上沉积,在空气氛围中高温煅烧以去掉内核来制备球形TiO2中空纳米粒子.用红外光谱、热重分析、X射线衍射和透射电镜进行了表征,并通过微电泳仪测TiO2粒子的Zeta电位.结果表明：球形颗粒比表面积大、流动性好,能减小粒子运动的阻力,而且中空结构能明显降低密度.     

A weight function-critical plane approach for low-cycle fatigue under variable amplitude multiaxial loading

Low‐cycle fatigue data of type 304 stainless steel obtained under axial‐torsional loading of variable amplitudes are analyzed using four multiaxial fatigue parameters: SWT, KBM, FS and LKN. Rainflow cycle counting and Morrow's plastic work interaction rule are used to calculate fatigue damage. The performance of a fatigue model is dependent on the fatigue parameter, the critical plane and the damage accumulation rule employed in the model. The conservatism and non‐conservatism of predicted lives are examined for some combinations of these variables. A new critical plane called the weight function‐critical plane is introduced for variable amplitude loading. This approach is found to improve the KBM‐based life predictions.     

微滤提纯莲心碱操作条件对膜阻力影响的实验研究

采用十字流微滤方法分离莲子心醇提液中的莲心碱和叶绿素，考察了不同操作条件下微滤过程中各种过滤阻力的大小及其构成情况，分析了影响莲心碱和叶绿素微滤的主要因素，并提出降低膜污染、提高膜过滤速率的改进措施．     

木糖醇工业结晶过程控制系统设计与开发

设计开发了木糖醇工业结晶过程的计算机控制系统.使用浊度仪准确检测出晶点；研究开发了自校正模糊控制器，用于控制滞后较大的结晶液相温度回路；采用多参数相关综合控制策略实现了木糖醇工业结晶生产过程的优化操作时间表.工业生产实践表明，该控制系统自动化程度高、性能稳定，满足工艺过程要求.     

Developing a Simplified Analytical Thermal Model of Multi-chip Power Module

The study of the thermal behavior of power modules has become a necessity regarding the known rapid development in modern power electronics, and the prediction of temperature variation has generally been performed using transient thermal equivalent circuits. In this paper we have developed a simplified analytical thermal model of a power hybrid module. This analytical method is used to evaluate the thermal parameters of a device. The model takes into account the thermal mutual influence between the different module chips based on the analytical method. The thermal interaction between components is dependent on the boundary condition, the dissipated power value in the different components and the number of operating chips constituting the module. This effect is modelled as a source energy and a thermal resistance simply computed tanks to reasonably low measurement applied on the module. The derived thermal models offer an excellent trade-off between accuracy, efficiency and CPU-cost.     

Solution processable PEDOT:PSS based hybrid electrodes for organic field effect transistors

We report high performance solution processed conductive inks used as contact electrodes for printed organic field effect transistors (OFETs). Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) electrodes show highly improved very low sheet resistance of 65.8 ± 6.5 Ω/square (Ω/□) by addition of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and post treatment with methanol (MeOH) solvent. Sheet resistance was further improved to 33.8 ± 8.6 Ω/□ by blending silver nanowire (AgNW) with DMSO doped PEDOT:PSS. Printed OFETs with state of the art diketopyrrolopyrrole-thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (DPPT-TT) semiconducting polymer were demonstrated with various solution processable conductive inks, including bare, MeOH treated PEDOT:PSS, single wall carbon nanotubes, and hybrid PEDOT:PSS-AgNW, as the source and drain (S/D) electrode by spray printing using a metal shadow mask. The highest field effect mobility, 0.49 ± 0.03 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹ for DPPT-TT OFETs, was obtained using blended AgNW with DMSO doped PEDOT:PSS S/D electrode.     

Ku band damage characteristics of GaAs pHEMT induced by a front-door coupling microwave pulse

A study on the damage effect of a GaAs pseudomorphic high-electron-mobility transistor (pHEMT) low-noise amplifier (LNA) induced by a Ku-band microwave is presented in this paper based on an experiment and simulation study. The experimental results suggest that the burn-out in the first stage is responsible for the LNA damage. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to observe the damage situation and compare the element composition before and after the high power microwave (HPM) injection. It is found that the gate metal is melted as a result of heat generation. The location beneath the gate near the source side is badly burned and splashes out. A detail simulation is performed by establishing a two-dimensional electric-thermal model considering several physical models and thermal parameters using the simulator Sentaurus-TCAD. The results show that the burn-out location is consistent with the experiment findings. Meanwhile, a temperature elevation occurs in both the positive and negative half cycles. Moreover, the damage to pHEMT shows the working voltage dependence, and the burn-out time increases with the increase in drain voltage.     

Ultraviolet photoresponse of ZnO nanostructured AlGaN/GaN HEMTs

We present the first active visible blind ultraviolet (UV) photodetector based on zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructured AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). The ZnO nanorods (NRs) are selectively grown on the gate area by using hydrothermal method. It is shown that ZnO nanorod (NR)-gated UV detectors exhibit much superior performance in terms of response speed and recovery time to those of seed-layer-gated detectors. It is also found that the best response speed (~10 and~190 ms) and responsivity (~1.1×10⁵ A/W) were observed from detectors of the shortest gate length of 2 µm among our NR-gated devices of three different gate dimensions, and this responsivity is about one order higher than the best performance of ZnO NR-based UV detectors reported to date.