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91.
Spherical YAG: Ce particles were successfully synthesized at 350 °C by the molten-salt method. The effect of temperature and amount of salt on the crystallization and particle size of YAG: Ce were investigated thoroughly. The results demonstrated that the powders prepared at 350 °C in salt to reactant ratio 2:1 were pure YAG: Ce phase with 200–300 nm in particle size. The as-synthesized phosphors were later post annealed at 1200 °C in O2, air and N2, respectively. The results showed that the emission intensity of YAG: Ce sensitively depended on the post-treated atmosphere and the phosphor annealed in N2 showed the highest emission intensities and a good thermal stability. 相似文献
92.
《Carbon》2014
Reduced GO in confined space of silica gel nanopores doped with sulfur shows high catalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline medium and exhibits a superior tolerance to the presence of methanol. Even though the partially reduced GO with hydroquinone structures is a good catalysts for ORR, it shows instability in KOH. The good performance of S-doped material is linked to the coexistence of sulfur and oxygen on the surface in equal atomic quantities and a unique porosity being the replica of the silica pores. The former leads to the positive charge on the carbon atoms, which are the reaction sites. Hydrophobicity of the surface and small pores enhance adsorption of O2. 相似文献
93.
Magnetic nanoparticles embedded in the active layer of the Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) significantly increases the electroluminescence and the charge transport without influencing the transparency of these devices. A brief comparison was done in order to identify which parameter influences these properties, by comparing the CoFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles with CoFe2 metallic magnetic nanoparticles, the latter one being obtained by thermal reduction in hydrogen of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles. CoFe2 have shown a better efficiency of the metallic nanoparticles where probably the main advantage is the higher magnetization property instead of the coercive field. Concerning the charge transport across the OLEDs, these nanoparticles reduce the electron injection, acting as filling traps, which directly increases the electroluminescence and the current at the same voltage. 相似文献
94.
Argon glow discharge has been employed as a cheap, environmentally friendly, and convenient electron source for simultaneous reduction of HAuCl4 and PdCl2 on the anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) substrate. The thermal imaging confirms that the synthesis is operated at room temperature. The reduction is conducted with a short time (30 min) under the pressure of approximately 100 Pa. This room-temperature electron reduction operates in a dry way and requires neither hydrogen nor extra heating nor chemical reducing agent. The analyses using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirm all the metallic ions have been reduced. The characterization with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) shows that AuPd alloyed nanoparticles are formed. There also exist some highly dispersed Au and Pd monometallic particles that cannot be detected by XRD and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) because of their small particle sizes. The observed AuPd alloyed nanoparticles are spherical with an average size of 14 nm. No core-shell structure can be observed. The room-temperature electron reduction can be operated in a larger scale. It is an easy way for the synthesis of AuPd alloyed nanoparticles. 相似文献
95.
Polycrystalline Sn1−xFexS2 samples with (x=0, 0.125, 0.250 and 0.375) have been prepared by the molten salt solid state reaction method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that all the samples crystallize in the hexagonal structure, with P-3m1 space group in preferred orientation of (011). The electrical properties have been studied by complex impedance spectroscopy over the frequency range (20 Hz up to 1 MHz) at room temperature. The Nyquist plot for all samples have been fitted using ZMAN software. The impedance analysis showed that all samples exhibit both bulk and grain boundary contributions and it was found that by increasing the iron content, the resistance increases, but, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent decrease which leads to decrease in conduction. The absorption coefficient (α) has been calculated from the complex dielectric constant. Interestingly, there was a significant correlation between the electromagnetic wave absorption and the reduction in the peak intensity of the XRD patterns indicating that when the iron content increases the sample seems to be a good absorber of electromagnetic waves. 相似文献
96.
A large amount of heat trapped inside Light Emitting Diode (LED) is the consequence of large thermal resistance between the heat source and the heat sink. Zinc oxide (ZnO) thick film was screen-printed from thixotropic paste that consisted of binder, filler and solvent to act as thermal interface material. Structural, surface morphology, vibrational and thermal properties of the samples were studied by means of Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Atomic Force Measurement (AFM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermal Transient Tester (T3ster). XRD analysis revealed that the formation of hexagonal wurtzite ZnO powder, which is free of hydroxide. FESEM results indicated that 50 wt% of filler loading in the thick film had created longer thermal transportation chain. The surface roughness of thick film displays variation in the range of from 64.8 to 218 nm. The presence of ZnO and binder were confirmed by FTIR spectrum at 518 cm−1 and 668 cm−1 to 2974 cm−1, respectively. Thermal characterization reveals a drop in film’s resistivity with the higher content of filler loading of 50 wt% and 55 wt%. The lowest rise in junction temperature of tested LED is reported to be 14.7 °C of 50 wt% of filler loading. 相似文献
97.
Internally heat-integrated distillation column (HIDiC) is the most radical approach of a heat pump design, making efficient use of internal heat-integration: the rectifying section of a distillation column operating at a higher pressure becomes the heat source, while the stripping part of the column acts as a heat sink. Remarkably, a HIDIC can bring up to 70% energy savings compared to conventional distillation columns. This is highly appealing regarding the fact that distillation is one of the most energy intensive operations in the chemical process industry accounting for over 40% of the energy usage. This review paper describes the latest developments concerning this promising but difficult to implement process intensification technology, covering all the major aspects related to the working principle, thermodynamic analysis, potential energy savings, various design configurations and construction options (ranging from inter-coupled or concentric columns, shell and tube and plate–fin heat exchanger columns to SuperHIDiC), design optimization, process control and operation issues, as well as pilot-scale and potential industrial applications. Further advancement, i.e., development of HIDiC technology for multi-component mixture separations is an extremely challenging research topic, especially when HIDiC becomes associated with other technologies such as dividing-wall column (DWC) or reactive distillation (RD). 相似文献
98.
《Carbon》2014
The evolution of structure in multi-step thermal treatment of polyimide–mesophase pitch (PI–pitch) blend nanofiber mats obtained by an electrospinning process is described. The mats were thermally treated at a series of stages up to 3000 °C. The structural transformation of the nanofiber mats consisted of three regimes. First regime corresponds to the removal of the majority of non-carbon elements and the formation of initial residual carbon. Second regime involves slow growth of the graphitic layers and slow improvement of their stacking order. Progressive graphitization occurs in regime three when the fibers become highly graphitic. The addition of pitch was found to give rise to overall enhanced graphitic order in the PI–pitch blend nanofibers as reflected in the smaller inter-layer spacing d002 approaching that of the perfect graphite crystal, and the larger crystal sizes, Lc and La, confirmed by XRD analysis, as well as the higher ratio of graphitic structure revealed by Raman spectroscopy. Development of highly localized oriented domains in these nanofibers were observed by dark field TEM. The addition of pitch led to enhancement of both electrical and thermal conductivity. 相似文献
99.
The junction-to-case thermal resistance (RθJC) of a GaN/AlGaN HEMT is measured by Transient Dual Interface Method (TDIM). Different from other works about TDIM, an improved transient infrared microscope is used to measure the cooling curves, other than the traditional electrical method. Zth curves are used to determine the RθJC following the procedure of JESD51-14. The results demonstrate that the RθJC at 40 W power dissipation are about 0.791 K/W. In order to validate the method, measurements following MIL Std 833 have been done, and the results are consistent with the existing papers. 相似文献
100.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(73):36124-36136
Selective hydrogenation of nitroarene to aniline is a key reaction for the manufacture of fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and dyes. In this study, N-doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) are prepared by the pyrolysis of chitosan-CNTs composite. The outside diameter of CNTs, concentration of chitosan, pyrolysis temperature and heating rate are tuned to improve the catalytic performance. The catalyst of CS/CNTs-800 doped with 0.33% pyrrolic N and 0.30% graphitic N exhibits good activity and high selectivity for the hydrogenation of nitroarenes. The kinetics data reveal that the hydrogenation reaction is zero-order for 4-nitrophenol and first-order dependence to H2 pressure, and H2 dissociation on the active sites is the rate-determining step. On CS/CNTs-800, the nitro groups of 12 different substrates can be selectively reduced with the protection of the other reducible groups. Nonpolar H radicals are found to be formed on CS/CNTs-800 for efficient hydrogenation. In addition, the catalyst showed good stability. 相似文献