Fatigue-induced in-situ strength deterioration of micro-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber in cement matrix

For soft fiber and brittle matrix system such as polymeric fiber-reinforced cementitious composites, the fiber strength deterioration dominates the performance of composites subject to fatigue loading. The fatigue-induced in-situ fiber strength deterioration in brittle matrix, however, has rarely been studied. In this paper, fatigue-induced in-situ strength deterioration of micro-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber in cement matrix was experimentally investigated. The effects of fiber embedment, fiber inclination, and fiber surface treatment on the in-situ strength of micro-PVA fibers are reported. The results show that fiber embedment into cement matrix not only reduces the in-situ strength of fiber but also changes the fatigue stress-cycle (S-N) curve and failure mode of fiber. Fiber inclination further decreases the in-situ strength of embedded fiber due to local stress concentration of bent fibers. Oil-treatment on fiber surface can effectively delay fatigue-induced in-situ strength deterioration of micro-PVA fiber.     

Ultrasonic broadband signals monitoring of glass-fiber reinforced cement (GRC) bending tests

In this study, complete ultrasonic monitoring of Glass-fiber Reinforced Cement plates under bending tests was addressed. In this kind of experiment, the mechanical properties of the specimen continuously change during the test, thus, the acquisition time of the ultrasonic signals is a critical variable. In order to overcome this drawback, a new ultrasonic procedure based on broadband signals (chirp) has been applied. Following this line of thought, the analysed ultrasonic parameters have been split into the parameters that only depend on time, and those that depend on both time and frequency. In particular, the frequency dependent attenuation parameter allows characterizing the evolution of the plate being damaged over a wide frequency range and significantly detecting the main two events happening during the experiment: the first crack and the maximum stress point. In short, this paper demonstrates the suitability of ultrasonic broadband signals for characterizing fiber-reinforced cementitious composites under bending stress.     

水力冲击内蕴初始裂纹混凝土致裂机理

为研究水力冲击内蕴初始裂纹混凝土破碎机理,采用光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)方法建立了水力冲击含竖向裂纹混凝土数值模型,并基于图像处理技术,量化表征了混凝土致裂区破碎规律。研究表明:在初始裂纹弱作用区,水锤效应导致液固接触边界出现剪切断裂,贯通后形成近似"碗状"破碎坑;在初始裂纹强作用区,液固接触边界压剪应力和初始裂纹上部应力集中共同作用引发了初始裂纹上尖端裂纹;"水楔+砼楔"效应与初始裂纹下部应力集中导致了初始裂纹下尖端裂纹;水力冲击激发的应力波在自由边界和初始裂纹反射后相互叠加,引发了锥形裂纹;混凝土破碎度沿射流轴向呈非线性阶跃衰减,表明初始裂纹对混凝土破碎演化有明显阻断及强干扰作用。     

波纹钢腹板组合箱梁桥PBL剪力连接件研究

为了研究波纹钢腹板组合箱梁PBL剪力连接件的力学性能.分别通过非线性有限元和实验研究,分析了PBL剪力连接件力学性能.采用PBL连接件的推出实验试件,进行了推出实验研究;用有限元方法模拟PBL连接件从开始受力到剪断破坏的全过程,研究了PBL连接件的滑移量、承载能力等力学性能.有限元分析结果和试验实测结果的对比分析表明:...     

湿热环境下粘钢加固混凝土界面的粘结性能

钢板-混凝土界面粘结性能是粘贴钢板加固混凝土结构的关键。通过对湿热环境下27个钢板-混凝土试件进行试验研究,分别进行5、10、15 d的加速湿热老化,然后进行双剪试验,获得了钢板-混凝土界面发生剪切剥离破坏过程中的极限荷载、钢板应变分布及荷载-位移关系。分析了环境温度、湿度耦合作用对钢板-混凝土界面粘结耐久性能的影响,并综合考虑钢板-混凝土的粘结破坏模式、受力过程、粘结界面相对位移发展规律,提出了粘结界面剪应力、滑移与温度和湿度相关的表达式。建立了考虑温度、湿度影响的粘结-滑移本构关系模型,数值模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

深层排水孔堵塞对富水岩质高边坡稳定性的影响

高边坡施工或运营期间常因多种因素作用导致排水孔堵塞,从而抬升地下水位,影响边坡稳定性和支护结构的安全。基于渗流折射定律,采用空气单元法模拟排水孔,开展了岩质高边坡渗流应力耦合分析,重点研究了排水孔不同堵塞工况下的坡后地下水位变化及支护结构力学响应。计算结果表明：排水孔堵塞对坡后地下水位影响显著,坡内位移整体变化不大,坡趾位置岩体变形最大;坡体锚杆轴力明显增加,最大增长幅度达到45%。对于布设深层排水孔的岩质高边坡,排水孔堵塞后边坡支护结构的位移变化明显,对支护结构的影响不容忽视,尤其体现在坡趾剪出口位置。此外,排水孔接近完全堵塞时,边坡安全系数显著降低。提出了以框架式格构和锚杆共同作为支护体系的高边坡处理措施,即下部边坡加强格构支护强度,上部边坡增加锚杆锚固长度。     

土木工程专业研究生创新思维和科研自信的培养方法

新时代"国家战略、"新工科"教育改革行动和"工程教育的国际认证"为传统工科的研究生培养提出了新的要求、新的标准。研究生招生规模的不断扩大和新工科培养目标的提升已成为我国研究生培养的主要矛盾，亟需教育工作者思考如何培养"适应未来的工程师"。分析目前土木工程专业研究生培养存在的主要问题，从培养理念、教学方法、导师指导模式、学术例会组织模式等方面，探讨新工科理念土木工程专业研究生培养的具体方法。     

青藏铁路粒径改良路基热状况分析

基于青藏铁路北麓河试验段粒径改良路基、普通路基、天然场地的地温监测资料,定量分析了3种方式下土层的热状况变化特征。结果表明:修筑有路基的吸热量大于天然场地的吸热量;粒径改良路基经历的融化期略长于天然场地,但远短于普通路基。从热收支状况来看,粒径改良路基放热强度大于吸热强度,总体呈现出放热状态,但同天然场地相比,热收支变化不甚突出。粒径改良路基有使路基表层热收支趋于天然状态的趋势,具有保护多年冻土的作用,是一种积极保护冻土的较好的措施。     

废弃PE裂解蜡作为沥青温拌剂的可行性研究

以高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)和低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)共混废塑料为原材料,在不同温度下裂解得到的2种裂解蜡WMa-1和WMa-2,采用该裂解蜡对70~#基质沥青进行改性,探讨聚乙烯废塑料裂解蜡作为沥青温拌添加剂的可行性。试验结果表明,在试验掺量范围内,WMa-1和WMa-2均具有良好的降黏效果,WMa-1能提高沥青的高温性能和抗车辙性能,但对沥青的低温性能不利;WMa-2能显著降低沥青硬度,改善沥青的低温塑性,但使沥青的高温抗变形能力明显降低。     

Design analysis of metallic single electron tunneling circuits

We carried out a design study of single electron devices based on submicron metallic islands and tunnel junctions. The results of a first capacitive design analysis using a three-dimensional numerical field computation of separated circuit cells are used as input for an optimization with respect to cross-talk between neighboring circuit cells. We discuss the reduction of parasitic effects by use of additional shielding electrodes on the top of the substrate or in the background. In view of the influenced charge associated with parasitic background charges we discuss the charge distribution on a three-dimensional scan of the substrate below the structures for the study of critical influence regions, where a certain threshold of influenced charge at neighbor electrodes is given. We show that the influence calculation of the parasitic background charge is of significant importance for the design and fabrication of single charge circuits.