On the composite characteristics of small binary granules formed in a continuous rotating conical vessel with grinding media

In order to produce small composite granules having binary components of CaCO₃ and SiC powders, experiments were carried out by the simultaneous operation of granulation, grinding, and separation in a single continuous rotating conical vessel with grinding media. To characterize these composite granules, SiC agglomerates contained in a granule were separated by chemical methods, and the size distributions of granules and SiC agglomerates were measured by an image analyzer through a microscope. The structure of a composite granule was characterized by comparing the size of a composite granule with that of SiC agglomerates in the granule. It was found that composite structures of the granules could be classified into six kinds of structural models, and that the composite structure depended on the size of the granules and the volume fraction of the SiC component in the granule.     

304不锈钢管TIG焊接头凝固行为及热力耦合研究

目的 对2mm厚不锈钢管的焊接工艺参数进行优化,并基于模拟仿真软件对接头的热应力场进行模拟,以解决薄壁管件接头应力测试不方便的问题。方法 以TIG焊对2 mm不锈钢管进行焊接,通过对接头宏观形貌、微观组织、显微硬度等结果进行优化进而得到最佳焊接工艺参数,采用双椭球热源和温度-位移耦合方法结合最优工艺参数进行数值模拟。结果 当焊接电流为150 A、焊接速度为66 cm/min时,焊接接头全部熔透,且正面及背面焊道均匀致密,成形良好。焊缝中心上部区域和下部区域均呈现等轴晶形貌,下部区域尺寸较上部区域尺寸略大,熔合线附近为柱状晶组织。焊接接头显微硬度整体分布呈现U形,其中热影响区显微硬度（197HV）大于焊缝区域硬度（162HV）,熔合线附近显微硬度达到最低值（145HV）。模拟结果显示,在焊接过程中,当纵向残余应力从母材向焊缝中心过渡时,由压应力逐步转化为拉应力;焊缝中心横向应力呈现为压应力,向两侧母材过渡时应力值逐渐趋近于0,径向应力值变化幅度较小,模拟数据变化趋势与实测数据变化趋势接近。     

基于深度多源子域适应网络的滚动轴承跨域故障诊断

针对域适应技术在源域数据集子类距离过近以及样本数量少时分类精度低的问题,提出一种基于深度卷积生成对抗网络(DCGAN)数据扩充的深度多源子域适应网络(DMSAN)故障诊断方法.首先,针对目标域样本少的问题,引入深度卷积生成对抗网络对其进行数据扩充;其次,通过网络分支结构获取多源域的共享特征;再次,使用局部最大均值差异(LMMD)进行特征映射,对齐每个源域和目标域的子领域;最后,采用加权模块实现全局损失的最小化,以及多源域联合诊断.引入美国凯斯西储大学(CWRU)数据集和搭建故障诊断平台测得的轴承故障数据集进行实验,结果表明所提出模型的跨域故障诊断精度高于其他域适应对比模型,在目标域数据较少时优势尤为明显.     

三维可视化HDD钻导向孔钻柱力学分析软件的研制与应用——以3300m长江天然气管道穿越工程为例

钻导向孔的成功与否是决定3 300m长江天然气管道穿越工程成败的关键,需要对钻导向孔的钻柱进行力学分析,提前判断钻柱的受力情况,并判断钻具组合是否满足施工要求。为此,综合利用传统的软钻柱模型和较新的ABIS模型,研发了HDD钻导向孔钻柱力学分析软件,可进行钻导向孔时钻柱的受力分析和三维图像显示。将该软件与国外常用的Ridgewood Software(RS)软件进行对比,从井口推力及井口扭矩来看,两者的计算结果很接近;同时还将该软件在某管道穿越工程中进行了模拟应用,将软件计算结果与实测数据进行了比较。结果表明:HDD钻导向孔钻柱力学分析软件能够很好地预测钻导向孔时钻柱的力学状态,并能用三维图像直观地显示导向孔内钻杆的变形与应力分布情况。该软件的成功研制与应用,为长江3 300m天然气管道穿越工程钻导向孔的钻具组合提供了技术支持,其国产化对管道穿越工程钻导向孔的设计和大规模的工程应用奠定了基础。     

焊后热处理消除管道环缝焊接残余应力的有限元模拟

以ABAQUS模拟软件为基础,创建管道环缝二维轴对称有限元模型,利用完全耦合方式计算了304不锈钢管焊接过程中的温度场和残余应力场,并在焊接完成后的残余应力场的基础上进行了焊后热处理工艺过程的有限元模拟。结果表明:二维轴对称模型能够有效地模拟304不锈钢管焊接热力耦合机制,相较于三维模型单元数目更少,节省大量计算时间;热处理后的残余应力场与热处理前相比,厚度方向残余应力降低,环向和纵向残余应力没有降低,但应力集中位置明显减少,应力分布较为平缓;焊后热处理过程中的塑性应变和高温蠕变是残余应力消除的力学机制,其中塑性应变起主要作用。     

热泵型干燥室气流组织综述

在过去的十年中,由于对干燥农产品的高需求,在全球范围内引发了高密度热泵型干燥技术快速扩张. 干燥室内物料的干燥速率与气流分布有很大的关系,已提出了多种配置和方法来提高干燥室内的气流分布. 阐述了热泵干燥系统的运行原理和特点,分别从干燥室内部结构、工况设计、节能形式三大方面对国内外相关研究和案例进行综述. 指出了干燥室内气流分布不均匀是造成物料干燥效率低、不均匀和品质差的主要原因,分析了各种空气管理的办法,包括采用不同的送回风方式可避免干燥室内部形成回流,应用优化的几何结构可减小流体流动过程中的阻力,提高热泵干燥室内的综合性能. 指出需要进一步探索如何合理设计排湿口位置并对应设计不同的管道布置,以改善干燥室内热量及湿度的合理分布.     

Hydrogen storage in thin film metal hydride—a review

During the last decade hydrogen has attracted world wide interest as a secondary energy carrier resulting in a lot of research work on its production, storage and use. The incorporation of hydrogen into thin film form discussed in this article is a relatively new field of research. The main advantages of thin film metal hydrides are that these provide large surface area with fast charging discharging rate for hydrogen, pulverization is slower, both critical pressure and critical temperature are significantly lower, better heat transfer arrangements, protective surface coating could be done to stop poisoning by oxygen and activation of thin film hydrides is possible by coating with a layer of catalytic material.     

T2铜箔空化射流柔性微冲裁机理分析

目的 分析针对不同形状特征时空化射流箔材微冲裁工艺的加工效果,确定工艺参数的影响规律。方法 通过在3种模具（正三角形、正六边形以及圆形模具）下设计6种特征尺寸,分析空化射流对不同厚度T2铜箔的冲裁加工效果,同时通过单因素实验法确定空化射流的入射压力、喷孔直径以及靶距3种工艺参数对微冲裁加工能力与成形质量的影响规律,记录不同工艺参数下T2铜箔的最大可冲裁箔厚。结果 T2铜箔的最大可冲裁箔厚与凹模特征尺寸之间存在线性关系,并且入射压力的增大可显著提高空化射流微冲裁工艺的最大可冲裁箔厚,然而,过大的喷孔直径与靶距均会造成最大可冲裁箔厚下降。通过对实验结果进行表征,发现正多边形冲裁件在边角处会出现裂纹、撕裂等缺陷,而圆形冲裁件的冲裁轮廓无明显缺陷,冲裁质量较好。结论 空化射流柔性微冲裁工艺对正多边形冲裁件边角处的加工效果较差,但加工的圆形冲裁件具有良好且均匀的轮廓质量。该工艺的加工能力随入射压力的提高而提高,且在靶距为120 mm、喷孔直径为1.6 mm时较优。     

On the mechanical properties of hierarchical lattices

Hierarchical lattices are made of finer lattices in successive smaller scales. This paper analytically studies the effect of hierarchy on the stiffness and strength of self-similar and hybrid type lattices, made by combining two distinct variants of topologies, governed by the bending and stretching dominated architectures. Scaling argument and physical reasoning are used to explain the behaviour of these lattices. The results show that the in-plane stiffness and the elastic buckling strength of the bending–bending lattices progressively improve with hierarchy; in contrast, only the buckling strength improves substantially for the stretching–stretching lattices, while the stiffness decreases. Low density bending–stretching lattices are unique with a significant improvement in stiffness, buckling, plastic collapse or crushing strength with hierarchy, whereas the stretching–bending lattices exhibit flexibility with lower strength. Despite no gain in stiffness, substantial gain in out-of-plane compressive strength is obtained with hierarchy because of the enhanced elastic and plastic buckling strength. Thus the advantage of combining lattices at multiple length scales provides a wide spectrum of choices for tailoring the properties for target applications including high performance core material, energy absorption or packaging.     

FD-SSD: An improved SSD object detection algorithm based on feature fusion and dilated convolution

Objects that occupy a small portion of an image or a frame contain fewer pixels and contains less information. This makes small object detection a challenging task in computer vision. In this paper, an improved Single Shot multi-box Detector based on feature fusion and dilated convolution (FD-SSD) is proposed to solve the problem that small objects are difficult to detect. The proposed network uses VGG-16 as the backbone network, which mainly includes a multi-layer feature fusion module and a multi-branch residual dilated convolution module. In the multi-layer feature fusion module, the last two layers of the feature map are up-sampled, and then they are concatenated at the channel level with the shallow feature map to enhance the semantic information of the shallow feature map. In the multi-branch residual dilated convolution module, three dilated convolutions with different dilated ratios based on the residual network are combined to obtain the multi-scale context information of the feature without losing the original resolution of the feature map. In addition, deformable convolution is added to each detection layer to better adapt to the shape of small objects. The proposed FD-SSD achieved 79.1% mAP and 29.7% mAP on PASCAL VOC2007 dataset and MS COCO dataset respectively. Experimental results show that FD-SSD can effectively improve the utilization of multi-scale information of small objects, thus significantly improve the effect of the small object detection.