中间退火对Al-Mg-Si系铝合金汽车板组织和性能的影响

对Al-Mg-Si系铝合金汽车板进行了不同的中间退火处理(无中间退火、300 ℃×2 h、420 ℃×2 h),并利用光学显微镜、XRD、TEM、拓扑仪、拉伸试验机对板材进行了检测分析。结果表明,中间退火处理对T4P态板材的微观组织、织构、罗平纹和力学性能影响显著,提高中间退火温度有利于获得等轴晶粒、增大应变硬化指数(n值)、降低板材各向异性(Δr值),但塑性应变比(r值)也会有所降低。此外,经过300 ℃×2 h中间退火处理的板材在10%预拉伸后表现出最好的表面质量,无中间退火和420 ℃×2 h中间退火处理的板材在预拉伸后罗平纹缺陷严重。这主要归因于中间退火引发的板材微观组织和织构的差异。300 ℃×2 h的中间退火处理可以使Al-Mg-Si系铝合金板材在不降低力学性能的前提下显著改善罗平纹,表现出最佳的综合性能。     

浅谈JSP程序设计的教学现状及解决对策

目前,以JSP为主的动态网页设计被越来越多的高校所看重,但其在教学方法上存在一些问题。就当前JSP的教学现状,分析其存在的问题,从课程设置和实践等方面提出可行的教学建议,希望能对JSP教学的改革有一些帮助。     

Constraint data‐driven optimal terminal ILC of end product quality for a class of I/O constrained batch processes

In order to deal with the I/O constraints in a practical plant, a soft limiter is often added into the control design procedure directly; however, the performance of the soft limiter based control approach will be degraded greatly due to the use of the soft constraints. This paper proposes a data‐driven optimal terminal iterative learning control (constraint‐DDOTILC) approach for the end product quality control of batch processes with I/O hard constraints. To deal with nonlinearities, a novel iterative dynamic linearization method without omitting any information of the original plant is introduced such that the derived linearized data‐driven model is completely equivalent to the original nonlinear system. By transferring all the constraints on the system output, control input, and the change rate of input signals into a linear inequality, a novel constraint‐DDOTILC is developed by minimizing an objective function under the derived linear matrix inequality constraint. The optimal learning gain of the constraint‐DDOTILC can be updated iteratively according to the input and output measurements to enhance the flexibility for modifications and expansions of the controlled plant. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed constraint‐DDOTILC.     

旋转式环形立体车库的电控系统设计

为了解决生活中汽车数量多、停车难的问题,在综合对比分析各类机械立体车库的优缺点等因素后,采用旋转式环形立体车库来解决此类问题。首先对立体车库模型总体结构方案进行了分析设计,选择采用STC89C52单片机为系统控制芯片,着重对电控系统中的升降设备、横移设备、旋转台设备进行了研究。在系统模型硬件具体设计中,选用限位开关、TCRT5000传感器等模块作为检测部件,选用28BYJ-48步进电机、SG90舵机等电机对该系统中的机械设备进行驱动。本设计还对车库系统平层存取车路径优化算法进行了研究,实现了平层最短路径存取车辆。通过最后的模拟仿真及模型实物运行结果可以看出本方案对提高立体车库运营的智能化、稳定性,以及对有效缓解城市停车难问题具有借鉴意义。     

Detection of the airborne MIMO radar moving target in the non-Gaussian clutter

Due to the moving platforms, the clutters in distributed airborne MIMO radar are non-Gaussian and non-homogeneous, which leads to having no independent and identically distributed training data to estimate the clutter covariance matrix. To solve the problem, we propose that the covariance of the clutter should be modeled as an inverse complex Wishart distribution whose average value is a Hadamard product of the covariance matrix taper (CMT) and the clutter Doppler spectrum component. Based on this clutter model, a novel detector combing the Bayesian approach and the generalized likelihood ratio test(GLRT) is proposed. Numerical simulation results show that the proposed detector has a better detection performance compared with two current commonly used non-Bayesian detectors.     

时效工艺对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu铝合金组织与性能的影响

向Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金中添加0.22%的过渡族元素Ti,通过一级时效、二级时效与三级时效工艺处理,研究了时效工艺对含Ti铝合金的组织与性能的影响。利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、微控万能试验机、显微硬度计等测试合金铸态组织及相析出分布形态、时效后力学性能与断口形貌等。结果表明:添加Ti元素可以细化晶粒、改善枝晶偏析并强化合金;一级时效态合金具有最高强度586 MPa,三级时效态合金具有最大硬度与最长伸长率,强度与一级时效态相当,分别为183.2 HV0.1、8.8%和579 MPa。三级时效对合金的力学性能提高最显著。     

形变诱导析出对7A20铝合金组织与性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射仪和拉伸试验机等手段研究了预变形温度和预析出时间对7A20铝合金中第二相析出行为和组织性能的影响。结果表明:300~450 ℃预变形温度下析出的MgZn₂相,粒子尺寸基本在0.1 μm左右,400 ℃析出的粒子数量最多,分布更均匀。不同预处理制度下,合金在400 ℃保温2 h的预析出处理后,屈服强度和抗拉强度达到最高值,分别为170 MPa和310 MPa,同时伸长率也达到20%。拉伸断口均表现为韧性断裂特征。热轧形变和预析出处理后,MgZn₂析出相衍射峰主要出现在40°~45°之间。试验合金1、2和4 h预析出处理后,MgZn₂相的尺寸分别为0.1~0.2、0.3~0.8和0.6~1.0 μm。第二相粒子密度随预析出时间的延长逐渐降低。     

固溶处理对7B04铝合金冷轧板组织性能的影响

在实验室中制备了试验用7B04铝合金,经铸造-均质化退火-热轧-中间退火-冷轧后制得7B04铝合金板材,并对合金板材进行了后续固溶时效处理,研究了固溶处理对其组织和性能的影响。结果表明,470 ℃×1 h固溶+120 ℃×21 h时效处理铝合金冷轧板材再结晶明显,有少量晶粒处于伸长状态,除粗大第二相粒子外,未发现细小第二相粒子,综合力学性能较好,抗拉强度为596 MPa,屈服强度为537 MPa,伸长率为14.88%。固溶温度达到480 ℃时,合金再结晶明显,但保温时间不能超过0.5 h,否则合金强度和塑性下降。     

连接套热挤压凸模的改进

分析了热挤压连接套毛坯壁厚差超差原因,将凸模材料由模具钢3Cr2W8V改为高速钢6W6Mo5Cr4V,同时采用相应的锻造工艺和热处理工艺,热挤压的连接套毛坯壁厚差完全满足零件要求,凸模的使用寿命大大提高,最高达到2.8万件.     

AlGaAs/GaAs 三角形量子势阱与方形量子阱的界面粗糙散射的比较

We have theoretically studied the mobility limited by interface roughness scattering on two-dimensional electrons gas（2DEG） at a single heterointerface（triangle-shaped quantum well）.Our results indicate that,like the interface roughness scattering in a square quantum well,the roughness scattering at the Al_xGa_1-xAs/GaAs heterointerface can be characterized by parameters of roughness height A and lateral A,and in addition by electric field F.A comparison of two mobilities limited by the interface roughness scattering between the present result and a square well in the same condition is given.