Fractal characterization for the mining crack evolution process of overlying strata based on microseismic monitoring technology

In order to study the evolution laws during the development process of the coal face overburden rock mining-induced fissure,we studied the process of evolution of overburden rock mining-induced fissures and dynamically quantitatively described its fractal laws,based on the high-precision microseismic monitoring method and the nonlinear Fractal Geometry Theory.The results show that:the overburden rock mining-induced fissure fractal dimension experiences two periodic change processes with the coal face advance,namely a Small→ Big→ Small process,which tends to be stable;the functional relationship between the extraction step distance and the overburden rock mining-induced fissure fractal dimension is a cubic curve.The results suggest that the fractal dimension reflects the evolution characteristics of the overburden rock mining-induced fissure,which can be used as an evaluation index of the stability of the overburden rock strata,and it provides theoretical guidance for stability analysis of the overburden rock strata,goaf roof control and the support movements in the mining face.     

Stability analyses of vertically exposed cemented backfill:A revisit to Mitchell's physical model tests

Mitchell's solution is commonly used to determine the required strength of vertically exposed cemented backfill in mines. Developed for drained backfill, Mitchell model assumed a zero friction angle for the backfill. Physical model tests were performed. Good agreements were obtained between the required strengths predicted by the analytical solution and experimental results. However, it is well-known that zero friction angle can only be possible in terms of total stresses when geomaterials are submitted to unconsolidated and undrained conditions. A revisit to Mitchell's physical model tests reveals that both the laboratory tests performed for obtaining the shear strength parameters of the cemented backfill and the box stability tests were conducted under a condition close to undrained condition. This explains well the good agreement between Mitchell's solution and experimental results. Good agreements are equally obtained between Mitchell's experimental results and FLAC3 D numerical modeling of shortterm stability analyses of exposed cemented backfill.     

A comparative study of dust control practices in Chinese and Australian longwall coal mines

Mine dust is one of the main hazards in underground longwall mines worldwide.In order to solve the mine dust problem,a significant number of studies have been carried out regarding longwall mine dust control,both in China and Australia.This paper presents a comparative study of dust control practices in Chinese and Australian longwall mines,with particular references to statutory limits,dust monitoring methods and dust management practices,followed by a brief discussion on the research status of longwall mine dust control in both countries.The study shows that water infusion,face ventilation controls,water sprays,and deep and wet cutting in longwall shearer operations are commonly practiced in almost all underground longwall mines and that both Chinese and Australian longwall mine dust control practices have their own advantages and disadvantages.It is concluded that there is a need for further development and innovative design of more effective dust mitigation products or systems despite the development of various dust control technologies.Based on the examinations and discussions,the authors have made some recommendations for further research and development in dust control in longwall mines.It is hoped that this comparative study will provide beneficial guidance for scholars and engineers who are engaging in longwall mine dust control research and practice.     

A new design of foaming agent mixing device for a pneumatic foaming system used for mine dust suppression

To overcome the drawbacks of the conventional foam technology used for dust suppression,including large pressure loss,high water pressure and low driving pressure,a new pneumatic foaming system is introduced.Then an original design of foaming agent mixing device is proposed,and its performance is investigated and evaluated under different pressure compensations.Experimental results show that the maximum absorption amount increases by 2.9-6.7 times at a pressure compensation of 0.04-0.2 MPa compared with no pressure compensation.The pressure loss and pressure fluctuation both reduce significantly with increasing pressure compensation.The critical outlet pressure increases by30.4-240%.Field application indicates that the proposed mixing device ensures the reliable addition of foaming agent used for foam dust suppression.The effect of foam on dust suppression is remarkable,and the economic cost of foam is low.Therefore,there is reason to believe that the new mixing device will greatly promote foam technology to be widely used for suppressing dust in underground coal mines.     

PAC投加对絮体破碎后再絮凝特性和颗粒去除的影响

为改善絮体破碎后的再絮凝能力,提高颗粒的去除效率,以西宁地区低温低浊水为研究对象,通过光学检测仪器及数学拟合方式,分析补投聚合氯化铝(PAC)对破碎后絮体粒径与分布、生长速率变化的影响,描述颗粒及浊度的去除效果.结果表明:随PAC补投量的升高,絮体粒径和生长速率均先增大后减小,各自达到峰值所需补投药量分别为4和6 mg/L;剩余浊度和颗粒数先降低后升高,最低时可分别降至0.79 NTU、90个·m L-1.补投2 mg/L药剂后,280~630μm絮体颗粒体积分数由22.85%增大到46.36%,4~35μm絮体颗粒体积分数由1.21%减小至0.19%,再絮凝后絮体平均粒径为400μm,大于未破碎前的370μm,粒径增长率为8.11%,絮体生长速率为77.26μm/min.补投PAC可促进絮体破碎后的再絮凝,提高浊度及颗粒数的去除效果,可有效改善实际工程絮凝工艺效果.     

Removal of Methyl Orange from Aqueous Solution by Mineral-based Porous Granulated Material

Sodium bentonite, graphite, light calcium carbonate and diatomite were used as parent minerals for the mineral-based porous granulated material(MPGM) which was tested for the removal of methyl orange(MO), a cationic dye, from aqueous solution. The adsorption capacity was evaluated under the conditions of varied initial p H, adsorbent dosage, dye concentration, temperature, reaction time, and static regeneration. Experimental results showed that the maximum capacity of MPGM adsorbing MO was more than 80 mg·g-1. The adsorption equilibrium and kinetics of MPGM followed typical pseudo-first-order and Langmuir adsorption models respectively. The thermodynamic parameters of ΔGo, ΔHo and ΔSo showed that the adsorption was an endothermic and spontaneous process without remarkable change. The spent MPGM was regenerated 5 times and probable pathway for the efficient and re-utilizing adsorbent has been proposed. The results indicate that MPGM has a structure of silicon-aluminium-calcium-carbon, and could be employed as porous, low density, and large specific surface area alternatives for the removal of cations dyes from industrial wastewater.     

不同曝气剪切条件下活性污泥絮体特性研究

采用轮流搅拌-曝气SBR系统模拟两种不同曝气方式(分点曝气和分段曝气),研究其形成的污泥絮体特性.结果表明:在相同的运行条件下,分点曝气形成的污泥絮体尺度大、沉降性能好,两者的SVI平均值分别为133mL/g和202mL/g,平均粒径分别为74.26μm和53.46μm,而且分点曝气中拥有更多的大颗粒絮体;分点曝气形成的污泥絮体稳定性优于分段曝气,在连续曝气条件下,两种污泥絮体均受到剪切破碎,不仅初始粒子被剥离,而且絮体也被打碎变小,但分段曝气被破碎的程度更大;分点曝气和分段曝气所形成的污泥絮体的EPS含量分别为31.21mg/gVSS和21.6mg/gVSS,且前者EPS中的多糖、蛋白质和DNA组分均比后者多,两者EPS的主要组分以蛋白质为主.两种污泥经连续曝气3h后,EPS皆增大,且多糖含量增加较多;分点曝气和分段曝气形成的污泥比阻分别为5.21×1012 m/kg和7.94×1012 m/kg,前者污泥的脱水性能较好.经连续曝气3h后,两种污泥的比阻明显增大,脱水性能变差.     

不同电子受体微生物燃料电池处理含DCB废水试验

以碳刷为电极,分别采用高锰酸钾和铁氰化钾为阴极电子受体,构建双室型化学阴极微生物燃料电池(MFC),并以3,3′-二氯联苯胺(3,3′-dichlorobenzidine,DCB)和葡萄糖为共基质,研究DCB的降解特性及MFC的产电性能。结果表明:当电子受体浓度为500mg/L,DCB浓度50mg/L时,以高锰酸钾和铁氰化钾分别为电子受体的MFC最大开路电压相应达到741.1mV和277.2mV;MFC的输出电压随电子受体浓度的增大而增大;当外接电阻1 000Ω,DCB浓度为100mg/L时,两种电子受体的MFC均能获得最大输出电压,其中高锰酸钾阴极MFC为426.1mV,铁氰化钾阴极MFC为225.7mV,过高的DCB浓度会抑制MFC的产电效果;两种电子受体的MFC在49h内对DCB去除率均可达到70%左右。     

层状岩体受压力学特征结构面效应数值分析

煤层底板岩体是沉积岩,具有显著的层状结构特点。为研究层状岩体压缩强度的结构面效应,通过FLAC3D数值软件,结合改进的遍布节理本构模型,建立层状岩体压缩数值模型,分析单轴、三轴压缩情况下的应力应变响应以及强度特征。研究结果表明：层状岩体压缩强度具有显著的结构面倾角效应。随着倾角的增大,层状岩体的压缩强度呈现先减小后增大的趋势。当结构面倾角为40＆#176;～80＆#176;时,岩体强度整体较低,破裂面主要沿结构面展开。数值试验和理论分析反映的岩体强度随结构面倾角变化规律一致。层状岩体弹性模量沿平行于结构面方向最大,而垂直于结构面方向最小,并随结构面与水平面之间夹角的增加而增大。     

Improving classification-based diagnosis of batch processes through data selection and appropriate pretreatment

This work considers the application of classification algorithms for data-driven fault diagnosis of batch processes. A novel data selection methodology is proposed which enables online classification of detected disturbances without requiring the estimation of unknown (future) process behavior, as is the case in previously reported approaches.The proposed method is benchmarked in two case studies using the Pensim process model of Birol et al. (2002) implemented in RAYMOND. Both a simple k Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) and complex Least Squares Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM) are employed for classification to demonstrate the generic nature of the proposed approach. In addition, the influence of different data pretreatment methods on the classification performance is discussed, together with a motivation for selecting the correct pretreatment steps. Finally, the influence of the number of available training batches is studied.The results demonstrate that a good classification performance can be achieved with the proposed data selection method even with a low number of faulty training batches by exploiting knowledge on the nature of the to-be-diagnosed faults in the data pretreatment. This provides a proof of concept for classification-based batch diagnosis and demonstrates the importance of incorporating process insight in the construction of data-driven process monitoring and diagnosis tools.