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61.
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Poly-γ-glutamic acid is an extracellular polymeric substance with various applications owing to its valuable properties of biodegradability, flocculating activity, water solubility, and nontoxicity. However, the ability of natural strains to produce poly-γ-glutamic acid is low. Atmospheric and room temperature plasma was applied in this study to conduct mutation breeding of Bacillus licheniformis CGMCC 2876, and a mutant strain M32 with an 11% increase in poly-γ-glutamic acid was obtained. Genome resequencing analysis identified 7 nonsynonymous mutations of ppsC encoding lipopeptide synthetase associated with poly-γ-glutamic acid metabolic pathways. From molecular docking, more binding sites and higher binding energy were speculated between the mutated plipastatin synthase subunit C and glutamate, which might contribute to the higher poly-γ-glutamic acid production. Moreover, the metabolic mechanism analysis revealed that the upregulated amino acids of M32 provided substrates for glutamate and promoted the conversion between L- and D-glutamate acids. In addition, the glycolytic pathway is enhanced, leading to a better capacity for using glucose. The maximum poly-γ-glutamic acid yield of 14.08 g·L–1 was finally reached with 30 g·L–1 glutamate.  相似文献   
63.
The procedure for the elimination of the terms of model equations of non-isothermal adsorption dynamics for multicomponent mixtures that take into account dispersive factors (both the kinetics of mass and heat transfer and longitudinal mixing and longitudinal heat conductance along the adsorber) has been analysed. It is emphasized that the elimination of terms is only valid in the case where conditions ‘F’ (see References 19 and 20) are satisfied. The transformation of the stable frontal patterns into unstable frontal patterns using the Langmuir thermal adsorption equations is shown. The concept of effective thermal diffusion for the adiabatic adsorption of one substance in the mixed kinetic region in the absence of the ‘classical’ thermal diffusion transfer within porous grains of adsorbents is considered. The role and the influence of effective thermal diffusion and diffusion thermal heat and mass transfer on the kinetics and dynamics of adiabatic adsorption have also been analysed. For various thermal models of the adiabatic case simple practical formulae have been obtained for use in calculating the width of heat and mass transfer zones in the real laboratory and in industrial adsorbers.  相似文献   
64.
Structural changes of the ErNi2 Laves phase during the hydrogen absorption and desorption process are investigated by X-ray diffraction measurements and differential scanning calorimetry. In order to investigate the mechanism of the hydrogen induced amorphization in ErNi2, a kinetic studies on the crystalline to glass transition are performed by measuring X-ray intensities at different states of the transition and interpreted using the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami equation. The transformation from the crystalline into the amorphous state is confirmed in the temperature range of 463–573 K at 50 atm H2. The amorphous phase gradually grows after hydrogen absorption is finished. The structure of the hydrogenated sample, which is examined just after hydrogen absorption, is found to be a tetragonal structure. The activation energy and rate constant exponent, n, for the amorphization is 17 kcal/mol and 0.5, respectively. The hydrogenated amorphous ErNi2 returns to the original Laves structure after hydrogen desorption is accomplished. From the measured activation energy and rate constant exponent, it is believed that the mechanism of the hydrogen induced amorphization is not related to the motion of hydrogen atom but to the lattice distortion by the motion of Ni atoms so that the surroundings of hydrogen atoms in the amorphous state is similar to those of hydrogen atoms in ErH2.  相似文献   
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The relationship of management to capital as resources invested in the productive process in construction is discussed. Capital and labour are shown to be interdependent in the process with management a catalyst facilitating their combination. A perspective of the labour-capital relationship emphasizing the benefits that can result from mutual understanding and respect is presented.  相似文献   
67.
研究外源γ-氨基丁酸(γ-Aminobutyric Acid,GABA)联合超声处理绿豆淀粉结构特性及血糖指标变化影响,获得低GI值绿豆淀粉制品,该文以不同萌发时间的绿豆淀粉为研究对象,通过扫描电镜、X-射线衍射、傅里叶红外光谱等分析方法,探讨外源GABA协同超声处理对绿豆淀粉萌发过程中结构特性和血糖指标影响。结果表明,处理后,绿豆中总淀粉含量从52.13%下降到发芽96 h的21.18%;发芽12 h时,抗性淀粉含量达到70.65%。发芽后绿豆淀粉颗粒形貌无显著变化。发芽后绿豆淀粉的相对结晶度由39.64%下降到96 h的12.72%,但发芽处理并未改变绿豆淀粉的结晶类型。发芽处理后绿豆淀粉没有产生新的基团,但淀粉晶体结构的有序性降低。发芽后绿豆淀粉的凝沉性增强,其抗消化能力也增强,在发芽12 h时,发芽绿豆淀粉的估计血糖生成指数达到了22.52,相较于未处理时的27.13,可起到减缓血糖升高的作用。外源GABA联合超声处理降低了总淀粉含量,提高了抗性淀粉含量,使绿豆淀粉的消化特性发生了显著变化,为其在功能食品中的应用提供了理论依据。  相似文献   
68.
作为核桃制油副产物的核桃蛋白是一种优质植物蛋白,核桃蛋白高值化利用,对核桃产业可持续发展具有重要意义。该研究采用挤压法对核桃蛋白进行组织化,考察挤压工艺参数对组织化核桃蛋白色泽、质构特性和组织化度的影响。通过采用单因素法,研究了挤压温度、水分含量、螺杆转速、喂料速度和冷却温度5个挤压工艺参数对组织化核桃蛋白的影响。根据单因素试验结果,选择挤压温度、水分含量和喂料速度三个参数为响应面实验的试验因素,以组织化度为响应值,应用响应面分析法对挤压工艺参数进行优化,得到了最优挤压工艺参数为挤压温度141 ℃,水分含量52.7%,螺杆转速160 r/min,喂料速度26 g/min,冷却温度65 ℃,此时组织化度为1.209。该研究为核桃蛋白基素肉开发奠定了基础。  相似文献   
69.
为建立“台农1号”芒果成熟度判定指标体系,并确定代表性成熟度判定指标,以不同采收期、不同产地的“台农1号”芒果为研究对象,分析果实后熟生理指标果肉和果皮色泽、质构(硬度、胶着性、弹性、咀嚼性)、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸的变化,基于主成分分析与偏最小二乘法方法进行果实后熟生理指标系统研究。结果表明:在以商户初始采收成熟度相同的条件下,各批次“台农1号”芒果果实后熟生理指标间存在差异。应用偏最小二乘法方法与主成分分析方法确定了果肉b*、可滴定酸、硬度作为评判果实成熟度的一、二、三级最终指标,通过三个指标的成熟度判定准确率验证一级指标为94.34%,二级指标为87.21%,三级指标为68.09%。综上所述,基于主成分分析与偏最小二乘法建立芒果成熟度判定指标体系是可行的,该研究为各地区“台农1号”芒果适时采收及销售提供理论指导和实用价值。  相似文献   
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