淀粉基木材胶黏剂研究现状与展望

利用廉价的淀粉开发高性能的木材胶黏剂是人类永久的梦.但是传统的淀粉胶黏剂不能用于木材的黏结.早期的淀粉基木材胶黏剂研究是将淀粉在强烈的反应条件下转化为低分子物质来充当酚醛胶的填料.而目前的发展趋势是既要考虑充分利用淀粉的大分子特性,避免过度降解,又要能够向淀粉链中引入足够的均匀分布的化学键,使其与氢键的弱化学作用力有效配合,达到木材胶黏剂耐水的要求.双醛淀粉树脂胶;淀粉、聚乙烯醇和六甲氧甲基三聚氰胺共混胶;淀粉氧化降解接枝改性聚氨酯型胶等都是这类努力的代表性工作.我们的研究结果表明,淀粉经常压快速液化可以制备高活性的多羟基化合物.利用淀粉基多羟基化合物与多元酸（酐）聚合成功地制备了新型聚酯型的木材胶黏剂,成本与酚醛树脂相当,但其施胶量仅为酚醛树脂的1/3～1/2,可以用于高耐水性胶合板的生产.     

Preparation of semirigid polyurethane foam with liquefied bamboo residues

Bamboo residues were liquefied by using a solvent mixture consisting of polyethylene glycol 400 and crude glycerol (4/1, w/w) with 98% sulfuric acid as catalyst at 160°C for 120 min. The liquefied bamboo had hydroxyl values from 178 to 200 mg KOH/g and viscosities from 507 to 2201 mPa S. The obtained bamboo‐based polyols were reacted with various amounts of polyaryl polymethylene isocyanate (PAPI), using distilled water as blowing agent, silicone as surfactant, and triethylenediamine and dibutyltine dilaurate as cocatalyst to produce semirigid polyurethane (PU) foams. The [NCO]/[OH] ratio was found to be an important factor to control the mechanical properties of PU foams. At a fixed [NCO]/[OH] ratio, both density and compressive strength of PU foams decreased with the increase of bamboo content. The microstructure of PU foams indicates that [NCO]/[OH] ratios are important for cell formation and chemical reactions. The uniformity and cell structure of the foams are comparable to their corresponding compressive strengths. Moreover, the thermogravimetry analysis showed that all the semirigid PU foams had approximately the same degradation temperature of about 250 to 440°C. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

水平荷载作用下填充墙高度对RC框架结构受力性能影响的非线性分析

采用ANSYS软件对3个单层单跨开洞率不同的填充墙钢筋混凝土框架水平荷载试验模型进行了非线性分析,由分析结果可得计算值与试验结果吻合良好。用同样的模拟方法,对5个单层双跨不同填充墙高度的钢筋混凝土框架模型进行了水平荷载作用下的全过程模拟分析。研究结果表明,随着填充墙高度的增大,填充墙框架结构侧移刚度和水平承载力显著提高,结构延性相对降低;框架结构开裂荷载有所提高,但框架柱原有的"强剪弱弯"性能可能改变,出现箍筋先于纵筋屈服的不利情况;框架柱上段剪力值比原纯框架柱有明显增大,各跨墙高不等时,增幅更大;按照现行结构设计方法,框架柱正截面和框架梁弯、剪承载力设计是安全的,但是框架柱斜截面抗剪承载力的设计存在极大的安全隐患。     

铬铜导电板的铸造工艺选择

在砂型铸造生产条件下,运用多种强制冷却工艺措施,使Cu-Cr合金从糊状凝固方式转变为顺序凝固方式,生产致密的铬铜导电板。     

5-氯-2-[2-羟基-3-叔丁基-5-(3-丙酸甲酯基)苯基]-2H-苯并三唑的合成

通过重氮偶合、还原环化和酯化反应合成了5-氯2-[2-羟基-3-叔丁基-5-(3-丙酸甲酯基)苯基]-2H-苯并三唑,并进行了工业放大实验,收率53．0%～55．0%。偶合反应时,以十二烷基苯磺酸钠为乳化试剂,pH=5～8,收率为73．7%;采用n(偶合物)：n(保险粉)：n(NaOH)=1．0：3．5：15．8进行还原反应,收率81．0%。用MS和~1H NMR谱图表征了产物的结构,测定了产物的紫外吸收和透光率。     

抗坏血酸对猴头菇β-葡聚糖表观黏度及结构特征的影响

采用碱提醇沉法制备猴头菇 β-葡聚糖(Hericium erinaceus alkali-extracted polysaccharide,HEAEP),系统研究了不同条件(抗坏血酸浓度、金属离子、温度、pH值等)下抗坏血酸对HEAEP表观黏度的影响,并深入分析了抗坏血酸对HEAEP结构特征的影响.研究结果表明:猴头菇...     

乳酸乳球菌乳亚种NCU036018细菌素的分离纯化及其抗菌机制

从自然发酵泡菜中筛选到1株对金黄色葡萄球菌具有抑制作用的乳酸菌,经16S rDNA和生理生化实验鉴定其为乳酸乳球菌乳亚种（Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis）并命名为NCU036018。NCU036018发酵上清液中的抑菌物质对胰蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、蛋白酶K、α-糜蛋白酶敏感,而对胃蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶以及过氧化氢酶不敏感,在pH 2.0～10.0、温度50～100℃的范围内分别保留了70%和90%以上的抑菌活性。随后通过硫酸铵盐析、超滤、阳离子交换层析对发酵上清液抑菌成分进行分离纯化,将得到的细菌素命名为乳球菌素036018,其分子质量在14.4～20 kDa之间,最小抑菌浓度为0.50 mg/mL。乳球菌素036018能有效降低金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜的形成率,损坏细胞表面形态、破坏细胞膜的通透性,从而抑制甚至杀死细胞。将乳球菌素036018添加至牛奶中,发现其具有显著抑制金黄色葡萄球菌生长的效果,具有良好的食品防腐保鲜的应用前景。     

硅粉对直接合成三乙氧基硅烷的影响研究

研究了直接法合成三乙氧基硅烷所用硅粉对合成的影响,结果表明,处理后的硅粉与处理前相比,比表面积增加了181%,对反应有不良影响的元素铁和铅均大幅下降,铁元素减少94.42%;铅元素含量减少93.05%;温度为210℃,其他条件下相同时,处理后的硅粉比处理前反应选择性提高75%。     

Influence of microbiological and chemical quality of traditional starter made from cassava on “attiéké” produced from four cassava varieties

Attiéké is a steamed fermented cassava semolina and food now included in many African countries habits. Non-control of production factors is an important constraint causing manufacturing defaults. Moreover, toxic varieties are used in fermented foods.The aim of this study was to characterize and optimize microbiological, physicochemical and biochemical qualities of attiéké Ebrié. The analyses were performed on traditional inoculum and 4 cassava varieties.The lactic fermentation of cassava dough had positive impact on microbiological and chemical qualities of prepared attiéké that showed slight acidity (pH = 4.6), high starch (80–90 g/l00 g) and low cyanide contents (2.79–5.00 mg/kg). Therefore, sweet varieties are suitable for preparing attiéké.     

2,4-二磺酸基苯基重氮氨基偶氮苯与Cd(Ⅱ)的显色反应

合成新显色剂2,4-二磺酸基苯基重氮氨基偶氮苯(简称DSDAA),将其与镉进行显色反应,测定了一些影响因素。实验结果表明,在非离子表面活性剂TritonX-100及碱性介质存在下,显色剂与镉离子形成2:1的红色络合物,λmax为530nm,ε为2.25×105L.mol-1.cm-1,镉含量在0.06-11μg/25mL范围内符合比耳定律,在掩蔽剂1%NaF-硫脲-柠檬酸钠下,测定环境水样和工业废水中微量镉。