On the advantages of using a hypoeutectic Sn-Zn as lead-free solder material

Hypoeutectic Sn-Zn may be a better choice than the eutectic Sn-9Zn as a lead-free solder. We checked the non-equilibrium melting behaviors of a series of Sn-Zn alloys (2.5-9 wt.% Zn) by differential thermal analysis, and found that at a heating rate of 5 °C/min, Sn-6.5Zn behaves the same way as the eutectic Sn-9Zn in melting. Dipping and spreading tests were carried out to characterize the wettability of Sn-Zn alloys on Cu. Both tests indicated that Sn-6.5Zn has significantly better wettability to Cu than Sn-9Zn does. The reaction layers formed during the spreading tests were examined. For all samples with 2.5-9 wt.% Zn, two reaction layers are formed at the interface, a thick and flat Cu₅Zn₈ layer adjacent to Cu and a thin and irregular Cu-Zn-Sn layer adjacent to the alloy. The total thickness of the reaction layers between the alloy and Cu was found to remarkably decrease with decrease of the Zn concentration.     

多元校正-分光光度法同时测定六种除草剂

草达津、阿特拉津、西草净、敌草隆、非草隆和敌稗6种除草剂的紫外吸收光谱严重重叠,不经预先分离很难进行单一组分的直接测定.提出了一种同时测定上述6种除草剂的分光光度法,该方法是基于在pH5.0的Britton-Robinson(B-R)缓冲溶液中,应用多元校正模型解析6种除草剂混合物重叠光谱,并对其浓度进行同时测定.结果表明,主成分回归(PCR)和偏最小二乘法(PLS)对合成样中6种化合物的测定结果要优于经典最小二乘法(CLS),PCR和PLS浓度预报的总相对预报误差均为4.9%.用PCR结合分光光度法对实际样品进行测定,结果满意.     

枝向量矩阵反馈环算法的MATLAB实现

找到系统中的全部反馈环是系统动力学模型分析的基础.针对这一问题,比较了几种常见的反馈环计算方法,得出在时间复杂度上矩阵算法优于行列式算法.在计算机上用MATLAB实现了基于流率基本入树和强简化流率基本入树枝向量矩阵计算所有反馈环的矩阵算法,分析了算法的复杂性,并给出了相应的算例.     

负载型纳米ZrO2复合载体的制备条件对催化剂活性的影响

在制备大孔氧化铝基载体的基础上,采用浸渍-沉淀法制备了负载型纳米ZrO2复合载体,并以此载体负载Ni制成催化剂用于CO2重整CH4制合成气的反应.探讨了制备条件对催化剂活性的影响,以XRD、TEM和BET等测试方法对载体和催化剂分别进行了表征.结果表明,制备大孔Al2O3基载体扩孔剂的最佳条件是m(PEG)∶m(Al2O3)=0.05,焙烧温度900℃;在制备负载型纳米复合载体时尿素是理想的沉淀剂,沉淀反应最佳温度为50℃.载体和催化剂具有较大的比表面积和适宜的孔径分布,纳米ZrO2在基载体上分布均匀,聚集尺度为15 nm,催化剂对CO2重整CH4制合成气具有高的活性.     

Size effects of magnetic beads in circulating tumour cells magnetic capture based on streptavidin–biotin complexation

Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) draw significant attention as a promising biomarker for cancer prognosis, status monitoring, and metastasis diagnosis. However, the concentration of CTCs in peripheral blood is usually extremely low, thereby requiring enrichment followed by isolation of CTCs prior to detection. An immunomagnetic separation is a promising tool for CTCs enrichment. In this study, a cost‐effective magnetic separation method, based on streptavidin–biotin complexation, was developed and the effects of magnetic beads’ size in CTCs capture were compared. Magnetic nanobeads which were 25 nm in diameter lead to highest capture efficiency (82.2%) compared with 150 nm magnetic beads and 1 µm microbeads. Based on the streptavidin–biotin system, 25 nm magnetic nanobeads could capture model CTCs over 80% efficiency even at concentrations as low as ∼25 cells/mL that may represent the actual level of CTCs in peripheral blood of cancer patients. Furthermore, the isolated cells remained robust and healthy showing insignificant changes in morphology and behaviour when cultured for 24 h immediately after capture and isolation. The magnetic nanobeads based on streptavidin–biotin complexation showed promise for the easy and efficient capture and isolation of healthy CTCs for further diagnosis and analysis.Inspec keywords: cancer, magnetic separation, nanomedicine, nanomagnetics, proteins, biomagnetism, tumours, cellular biophysics, magnetic particles, molecular biophysics, blood, nanoparticlesOther keywords: streptavidin–biotin complexation, cancer prognosis, peripheral blood, immunomagnetic separation, CTCs capture, streptavidin–biotin system, circulating tumour cells, CTC enrichment, magnetic separation method, magnetic nanobeads, magnetic capture, size 25.0 nm, size 150.0 nm, time 24.0 hour     

Optimisation of the medium composition for production of protease and soybean peptides by Bacillus subtilis SHZ using response surface methodology

Responses surface methodology was employed to enhance the production of protease and soybean peptides by Bacillus subtilis SHZ. For screening of medium composition significantly influencing protease and soybean peptides yield, the two-level Plackett–Burman design was used. Among thirteen variables tested; KH₂PO₄, glucose and defatted soybean flour (DSF) were selected based on their high significant effect on both protease activity and soybean peptides yield. Then, a three-level Box–Behnken design was employed to optimise the medium composition for the production of the protease and soybean peptides in submerged fermentation. Mathematical models were then developed to show the effect of each medium composition and their interactions on the production of protease and soybean peptides. The model estimated that, the maximal protease activity (320 ± 1 U mL⁻¹) could be obtained when the concentrations of glucose, KH₂PO₄, DSF were set at 8–9 g L⁻¹, 2–3 g L⁻¹, 55–65 g L⁻¹, respectively; while a maximal yield of soybean peptides (8.5 ± 0.1 g L⁻¹) could be achieved when the concentrations of glucose, KH₂PO₄, DSF were set at 7–9 g L⁻¹, 3–4 g L⁻¹ and 55–58 g L⁻¹, respectively. These predicted values were also verified by validation experiments.     

半导体单量子点增益与吸收特性的研究

采用密度矩阵的方法进行数值模拟计算紧束缚态的半导体单量子点的增益与吸收行为.其动力学数值结果显示,在某些不同时刻的增益谷和吸收峰的左右分布保持不变对称性,且有上下镜像反转的现象发生;在在长时间演化中发现该量子点系统的增益与吸收发生激烈的振荡而呈现出了量子光学中典型的崩塌与复苏的有趣物理现象.     

高压射流磨振荡反应腔CFD模拟及结构优化

目的：解决工业级高压射流磨（industry-scale microfluidizer，ISM）在实际应用中存在的进料要求高、处理量小、处理效果不佳问题。方法：结合CFD-PBM模拟和乳液制备试验对4种振荡反应腔进行选优，再通过尺寸优化获得最终腔型。结果：4种反应腔相比于原反应腔都拥有更大的孔径和流量；粒径细化效果为T字撞击型＞T字—二次撞击型＞十字撞击型＞二分管型4种反应腔的分流管区均主要存在剪切作用力，撞击管区主要存在撞击作用力，射流管区主要存在剪切作用力和空穴作用力，以上3个区域均存在强湍流。对T字撞击型反应腔进行尺寸优化，得到最终的反应腔模型，其最小管径为0.7 mm，在120 MPa下流量可达878 L/h。优化所得腔型制备的乳液粒径为249 nm，与模拟粒径结果吻合良好。结论：T字撞击型反应腔更具粒径细化优势，撞击作用力是粒径细化的主要因素。     

鄱阳湖水体无机氮时空分布特征研究

为了分析鄱阳湖水体无机氮的时空分布,于2006年1月和7月对鄱阳湖湖面及其主要支流下游的表层水进行系统采样,分析研究了各种形态无机氮的分布变化特征。结果表明,枯水期鄱阳湖无机氮在上游主航道较低,低于全湖平均值,航道中段无机氮含量明显高于其它区;丰水期氮含量高值区出现在主航道中段,在下游处无机氮含量又呈现上升的趋势;鄱阳湖NH4+-N和DIN在枯、丰水期有相似的变化规律;鄱阳湖主航道枯水期NO3--N、NH4+-N、DIN浓度明显高于丰水期,而NO2--N恰好相反,其主要支流丰水期NH4+-N和DIN含量也比枯水期低。     

Technical note: A simplified procedure for myofibril hydrophobicity determination

A simple and reliable method for the determination of surface hydrophobicity of nonsolubilized myofibrils (from pig M. longissimus dorsi) was developed and validated. This method is based on the interaction of the hydrophobic chromophore bromophenol blue (BPB) with myofibrillar proteins and the separation of free and bound BPB by centrifugation. The titration of bound BPB is performed by absorption spectroscopy, and the amount of bound BPB is considered as an index of protein hydrophobicity. Heating, which is known to increase protein hydrophobicity, was performed in order to validate this method. Fixation of BPB to myofibrils increased with heating time and temperature, strongly suggesting that it may be closely related to protein hydrophobicity.