Large-scale polyaniline batteries

The electrochemical performance of polyaniline film (PAnF) and polyaniline powder (synthesized chemically, (PAnC), or electrochemically (PAnE)) as the positive electrode material in zinc rechargeable batteries has been examined. The energy density of the different forms of polyaniline is in the order: PAnF > PAnE > PAnC. Diffusion of reacting species has been identified as the principal factor determining the characteristics of the polyaniline powder electrode. The 1A form of polyaniline provides a slightly greater energy density than the 1S form.     

Modelling of atmospheric pollutant transport and deposition in lakeshore environments

In order to study the effects of lakes on weather modification, pollutant transport and deposition, the hydrodynamic equations were solved numerically on a variable horizontal and vertical grid. Time splitting was applied to couple an explicit pseudospectral and an implicit finite difference scheme. The resulted model difference equations were used to predict the local wind, temperature, and pressure fields as well as the evolution of the atmospheric planetary boundary layer parameters. The modeling domain was centered around a lake to investigate the potential impact of nearby industrial sources. The situation studied was characteristic of summertime conditions, driven by a synoptic weather system with air moving from land, over a cooler lake surface. This flow is shown to become highly modified by a mesoscale meteorological phenomenon known as lake-breeze. It is also shown that the presence of a lake limits pollutant deposition over its length, due to stabilization and plume entrainment in the lake-breeze. On the hand, deposition was enhanced over the upwind land due to the lake-breeze effect, and the downwind shore due to intense mxing.