一株DEP降解菌的筛选及其休止细胞的降解特性

从杭州市河道污水出口的淤泥中筛选到一株邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)降解菌HZ3,研究了该菌株的休止细胞对DEP的降解特性,结果表明:该休止细胞浓度为2×108～6×108 cpu/mL,pH7.0,30℃,180r/min条件下,可在6h内将118mg/L的DEP完全降解,37℃下的降解效率也无明显差异,加入0.01g/L Tween-80则对降解效率产生了一定的抑制.休止细胞对118～1 436mg/L的DEP表现出较高的降解能力,而生长细胞则对1 062mg/L的DEP无降解能力.     

高级氧化技术在水处理中的研究进展

利用高级氧化法处理工业废水是当前国内外水处理领域的研究热点.在综述近年来国内外高级氧化技术在水处理中的研究及其应用概况的基础上,对该技术在水处理中的应用前景进行了展望.     

Variation of the photoluminescence and vacuum ultraviolet excitation characteristics of BaZr(BO3)2:Eu3+ by the incorporation of Al3+, La3+, or Y3+ into the lattice

The photoluminescence (PL) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) excitation properties are studied for the BaZr(BO₃)₂:Eu³⁺ phosphor with incorporating the Al³⁺, La³⁺, or Y³⁺ ion into the lattice. The excitation spectrum shows an absorption band in the VUV region with the band-edge at 200 nm and a very weak charge transfer band of Eu³⁺ at about 226 nm. The luminescence spectrum shows a strong emission at 615 nm (⁵D₀ → ⁷F₂ transition) and weak emission at 594 nm (⁵D₀ → ⁷F₁ transition) in BaZr(BO₃)₂:Eu³⁺, with a good red color purity. The PL intensity is increased by incorporating Al³⁺ into the BaZr(BO₃)₂ lattice. The PL intensity has also increased by incorporating La³⁺ into the lattice, however, the red color purity has deteriorated because of the increased centrosymmetric nature of the site. With the incorporation of Y³⁺ into the BaZr(BO₃)₂ lattice, the PL characteristics of the Eu³⁺ activator resembles that in the YBO₃ lattices. The intensity of the red PL for the Eu³⁺ activator is the highest with good color purity for BaZr(BO₃)₂:Eu³⁺ incorporated with both Al³⁺ (10%) and La³⁺ (0.5%).     

Dibenzoyl-l-cystine as organic directing agent for assembly of visible-light-sensitized luminescent AgGd(MoO4)2:Eu3+ nanowires

Solid phosphors with uniform morphology can be potentially used in optoelectronic and field-effect transistor applications. In this report, Ag_xGd_1?x(MoO₄)₂:Eu³⁺ composites with regular 1-D nanowires assisted by pre-coordination of organic structure (N,N″-dibenzoyl-l-cystine) were designed. The as-derived materials could exhibit striking red emissions by multiple excitations especially the longer wavelength at 466 nm. Furthermore, Ag/Gd ratio was optimized as 1/4. It would be promising to extend the use of ligand-directing agents for the synthesis of a range of novel phosphors.     

One-step production of biodiesel through simultaneous esterification and transesterification from highly acidic unrefined feedstock over efficient and recyclable ZnO nanostar catalyst

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostar synthesized by simple and up-scalable microwave-assisted surfactant free hydrolysis method was applied as catalyst for biodiesel synthesis through one-step simultaneous esterification and transesterification from high free fatty acid (FFA) contaminated unrefined feedstock. It was found that ZnO nanostar catalyst was reacted with FFA to yield zinc oleate (ZnOl) as intermediate and finally became zinc glycerolate (ZnGly). With the re-deposition of ZnGly back to the ZnO nanostar catalyst at the end of the reaction, the catalyst can be easily recovered and stay active for five cycles. Furthermore, the rate of transesterification is highly promoted by the presence of FFA (6 wt.%) which makes it an efficient catalyst for low grade feedstock like waste cooking oil and crude plant oils.     

Strengthening the resilience of small-scale fisheries: A modeling approach to explore the use of in-shore pelagic resources in Melanesia

Small-scale fisheries play a critical role in both poverty alleviation and food security. A large proportion of the world fish stocks are, however, getting fully or over-exploited. In this article we address these issues in the context of the small-scale fisheries of the Solomon Islands. The paper explores the extent to which in-shore Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) can help increasing the resilience of the small scale fishery system and reconciling social, economic and ecological priorities. Based on the concept of ‘time of crisis’ developed recently in the viability literature, we propose to calculate a resilience index through a dynamic stochastic model calibrated by ethnological observations. The resilience index calculation reveals two major findings: (i) the resilience of the small scale fishery system is currently nonexistent and (ii) the introduction of FADs can improve it. The effects of the FADs' implementation are then discussed in the light of a socio-economic perspective. Such results bring new insights into the question of the future of the small scale fishery sector, especially in relation to the local economy evolution from a barter dominance to a cash oriented economy. At the same time, the current subsistence fisheries seems more resilient in general due to a distributive effects which ease the ‘race for fish behaviors’. Finally, our analysis reveals that while the FADs implementation stands as a short and mid-term answer, demographic drivers are important and other alternatives will need to be considered if the overall viability of the system is to be maintained in the longer-term.     

Additively manufactured 316L stainless steel: An efficient electrocatalyst

In the quest of finding an economical, yet efficient material, the idea of fabricating 316L stainless steel using additive manufacturing technology was explored to produce material with refined sub-granular structure. The surface of the stainless steel was further chemically treated with an etching solution to expose the grain boundaries. The grain boundary enriched surface resulted in more active sites for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in additively manufactured treated (AM-T) 316L stainless steel. AM-T sample manifests enhanced catalytic activity for OER with an overpotential of 310 mV to draw a 10 mA/cm² current density, along with a lower Tafel slope of 42 mV/dec compared to AM and wrought samples. These features were validated from the increased double-layer capacitance of AM-T and approximately 1.5 times larger electrochemically effective surface area of AM-T due to etching treatment compared to the wrought sample. Furthermore, AM-T also possesses stable activity retention for 100 h at a current density of 10 mA/cm².     

Au nanoparticles decorated on magnetic nanocomposite (GO-Fe3O4/Dop/Au) as a recoverable catalyst for degradation of methylene blue and methyl orange in water

In the present research, magnetically recyclable graphene oxide (GO)/dopamine hydrochloride/AuNPs nanocatalyst are prepared by a green path with Acorus calamus seeds extract as a stabilizing and reducing agent and its catalytic efficiency was used for the reduction of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) in the presence of NaBH₄ as a reducing agent in the aqueous medium in the ambient conditions. The prepared nanocatalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The prepared nanocatalyst has good catalytic activity and can be regain by an external magnet and recycled several times without considerable loss of its catalytic activity in the process of reduction of organic dyes.     

Improvement of biohythane production from Chlorella sp. TISTR 8411 biomass by co-digestion with organic wastes in a two-stage fermentation

The suitability of molasses, Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum), empty fruit bunches (EFB), palm oil mill effluent (POME), and glycerol waste as a co-substrate with Chlorella sp. TISTR 8411 biomass for biohythane production was investigated. Mono-digestion of Chlorella biomass had hydrogen and methane yield of 23–35 and 164–177 mL gVS⁻¹, respectively. Co-digestion of Chlorella biomass with 2–6% TS of organic wastes was optimized for biohythane production with hydrogen and methane yield of 17–75 and 214–577 mL gVS⁻¹, respectively. The hydrogen and methane yield from co-digestion of Chlorella biomass with molasses, POME, and glycerol waste was increased by 8–100% and 80–264%, respectively. The biohythane production of co-digestion of Chlorella was 6–11 L L-mixed waste⁻¹ with an optimal C/N ratio range of 19–41 and H₂/CH₄ ratio range of 0.06–0.3. Co-digestion of Chlorella biomass was significantly improved biohythane production in term of yield, production rate, and kinetics.