聚苯乙烯颗粒对轻质混合土的影响

在室内试验的基础上,对轻质混合土密度、抗压强度、压缩变形特性等进行了分析,结果表明:EPS颗粒含量变化对降低轻质混合土的密度作用效果显著;EPS颗粒含量对混合土抗压强度的影响很小,抗压强度主要取决于水泥的含量;在压缩变形特性方面,荷载小于混合土压缩屈服应力时EPS颗粒含量对混合土的压缩变形量影响较小。由此认为EPS颗粒在降低混合土密度方面具有一定的优越性,但对混合土的抗压强度、压缩变形量影响不明显,所以将混有EPS颗粒的轻质混合土作为填土材料具有很好的应用前景。     

Visualisation in architecture,engineering and construction (AEC)

In the architecture, engineering and construction industries, computer visualization usage can cover the whole lifecycle of a product from presentation of initial concepts to the final stages of production and can also extend to maintenance issues. Three-dimensional walkthroughs can be created from hand drawn sketches at the very early stages of the design process. Three-dimensional models can be used by design teams to communicate design intent to client and users and to compare and evaluate design options. During more advanced stages of design, three-dimensional representations can be used to check the integrity of services coordination, accessibility and maintainability. During construction, visualization can facilitate the interpretation of design details by site operatives. The concept of visualization is not limited to modeling physical objects but can extend to the representation of abstract data sets of the type obtained from simulation programs used in performance assessment or from Computation Fluid Dynamics (CFD) applications. This paper will review the application of visualization in the process of design and construction and then present findings from three research projects that made use of some of these techniques at various stages of the process: for collaborative working during concept design stage, for design development and marketing in the house building sector, and for the modeling of design details during the construction stage.     

Time series analysis of wind speed using VAR and the generalized impulse response technique

This research examines the interdependence in time series wind speed data measured in the same location at four different heights. A multiple-equation system known as a vector autoregression is proposed for characterizing the time series dynamics of wind. Additionally, the recently developed method of generalized impulse response analysis provides insight into the cross-effects of the wind series and their responses to shocks. Findings are based on analysis of contemporaneous wind speed time histories taken at 13, 33, 70 and 160 ft above ground level with a sampling rate of 10 Hz. The results indicate that wind speeds measured at 70 ft was the most variable. Further, the turbulence persisted longer at the 70-ft measurement than at the other heights. The greatest interdependence is observed at 13 ft. Gusts at 160 ft led to the greatest persistence to an “own” shock and led to greatest persistence in the responses of the other wind series.     

增强现实光照方向估计方法评述与展望

光照一致性是增强现实中实现虚实融合的重要方面,实时地估计出户外场景中的光照方向,对实现户外场景光照一致性和增强真实感具有重要意义.针对光照方向估计问题,首先归纳了户外场景光照方向估计的特点,把现有的光照方向估计方法分为借助光测球等特殊标定物的估算方法、立体视觉法和人工智能法3类方法.然后总结了各类方法的基本原理和有代表性的研究工作,并且比较了各类方法的优缺点和适用范围.最后,根据实际应用中存在的问题和挑战,展望了户外增强现实系统光照方向估计的研究方向.     

高速列车浮式地板振动响应有限元分析

针对采用试验方法开发高速列车浮式地板耗时耗力,且试验规模小,不能反映整车的振动效果的问题,基于有限元法进行高速列车振动响应分析.对三明治夹芯理论、蜂窝板理论和等效板理论进行比较,确定采用等效板理论数值模拟某浮式地板中的蜂窝板;利用橡胶材料的超弹性理论拟合橡胶材料参数;建立完整模型模拟实际工况下浮式地板的振动响应,得到浮式地板的隔振效果.结果表明此浮式地板的隔振效果约为90%,满足设计要求.     

A matrix population model to aid agency response to grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) in the Great Lakes Basin - Lake Erie

Managers and researchers have identified a reproducing population of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) in the western basin of Lake Erie, generating concern over the potential threat to ecosystem function in the Great Lakes Basin. Capture histories indicate that grass carp may be present at low levels in other areas of Lake Erie, necessitating a large scale, multi-jurisdictional response. As a result, a group of experts and decision makers began a structured decision making exercise to collaboratively address the threat and identify potential response actions. To aid this process, we developed a spatially-explicit periodic matrix population model to project grass carp abundance, and probabilistically evaluate specific management actions. We evaluated four potential management response actions ranging from no action, diffuse removal efforts, and concentrated removal efforts with and without a barrier on the Sandusky River to reduce spawning success. Based on our current knowledge, concentrated removal including a barrier on the Sandusky River provides the most likely path to achieving and maintaining a management target of no more than 10 fish/ha. Our understanding of grass carp ecology in Lake Erie is growing. This model and parameter development methods were designed to flexibly accommodate new information as our understanding of grass carp ecology evolves, or management objectives change. Ultimately, this modeling framework and use of Bayesian methods could facilitate management response efforts for other invasive species occurring over large scales and multiple jurisdictions.     

Groundwater-surface water interactions and agricultural nutrient transport in a Great Lakes clay plain system

Nutrient export from agricultural land to surface waters is a significant environmental concern within the Great Lakes Basin (GLB). A field-based watershed-scale study was completed to investigate spatial and temporal variations of phosphorus and nitrate to assess nutrient transport pathways and groundwater-surface water interactions in an agriculturally dominated clay plain system. This was conducted in the 127 km² Upper Parkhill Watershed, near Lake Huron in southwestern Ontario, Canada. Data collection occurred from June 2018 to May 2019 via continuous sensor deployment and discrete sampling of stream water, groundwater, hyporheic zone, and tile drainage water. Samples were analyzed for various nutrient species (total, total dissolved, soluble reactive, and particulate phosphorus, and nitrate-N) to examine the hydrological dynamics of principal transport pathways of agriculturally-derived nutrients. Total phosphorus and nitrate concentrations in stream water ranged from 0.007 to 0.324 mg/L and 0.32 to 13.13 mg NO₃^?-N/L, respectively. Tile drainage water total phosphorous concentrations varied from 0.006 to 0.066 mg/L. Groundwater total dissolved phosphorus concentrations ranged from <0.003 to 0.085 mg/L. Transport of phosphorus through tile drainage was observed to be greater than through groundwater over the study period. No distinct relationship was observed between nutrient concentrations in the hyporheic zone and the vertical hydraulic gradient within this zone in the studied stream reach. Preliminary correlations were discerned between water quality observations and recognized land management practices. Given the elevated stream nutrient concentrations, these results are consequential for the continual improvement of strategies and programs devised to conserve water resources within the GLB.     

不同降雨工况下红黏土边坡持水响应规律与稳定性分析

以江西区域内典型红黏土边坡为研究对象,基于岩土非饱和渗流理论,建立红黏土边坡有限元计算模型,对4种典型降雨工况下红黏土边坡稳定性进行分析。结果表明,降雨强度、降雨持续时间均是影响红黏土边坡稳定性的重要因素;前期为常态时,边坡各参数指标均维持在初始稳定状态;降雨开始后,边坡安全系数呈减小态势,岩土体强度和稳定性降低,边坡中土体的孔隙水压力变大,体积含水量升高;越接近地表的土体降雨入渗响应越强烈,边坡不同位置处土体的降雨入渗影响程度依次为:坡肩>坡顶>坡面>坡脚>坡底;降雨入渗和互渗过程具有明显的滞后性,越靠近地表,孔隙水压力短期内变化越明显;土体干湿循环对边坡稳定性整体表现为负作用,且作用效果不可逆。     

Comparing the Effects of Different Daily and Sub-Daily Downscaling Approaches on the Response of Urban Stormwater Collection Systems

Water Resources Management - Change in the spatiotemporal pattern of precipitation is one the most important effects of climate change. This may result in considerable changes in urban flooding and...