Some properties of potatoes and their starches II. Morphological,thermal and rheological properties of starches

The physico-chemical, morphological, thermal and rheological properties of the starches separated from different potato cultivars (Kufri Jyoti, Kufri Badshah and Pukhraj) were studied. The starches separated from the mealier cultivars (Kufri Jyoti and Kufri Badshah) showed lower transition temperatures (T_o; T_p and T_c), peak height indices (PHI), and higher gelatinization temperature range (R) and enthalpies of gelatinization (ΔH_gel) than the starch from the least mealy cultivar (Pukhraj). Swelling power, solubility, amylose content and transmittance values were observed to be higher for Kufri Jyoti and Kufri Badshah potato starches, while turbidity values were lower for these starches. The rheological properties of starches, measured using a dynamic rheometer, showed significant variation in the peak G′, G″ and peak tan δ values. Kufri Badshah and Kufri Jyoti starches showed higher peak G′, G″ and lower peak tan δ values than Pukhraj starch during heating and cooling cycles. Kufri Jyoti and Kufri Badshah starches showed higher breakdown in G′ than starch from the Pukhraj potato cultivar. The large-sized granules of the starches from Kufri Badshah and Kufri Jyoti appeared to be associated with higher values of peak G′ and G″ and consistency coefficient. Starch from the least mealy cultivar (Pukhraj) showed higher retrogradation, which increased progressively during storage at 4 °C for 120 h.     

Optimising water activity for storage of high lipid and high protein infant formula milk powder using multivariate analysis

High lipid and high protein infant formula milk powders were stored at water activity of 0.11, 0.33 and 0.53 for up to fourteen weeks at 40 °C to investigate the effect of storage water activity on physicochemical properties and formation of volatiles to thereby recommend optimal storage water activity conditions. Water activity of the powders was determined during storage together with surface colour, glass transition temperature combined with dynamic headspace sampling followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the optimal water activity for storage of high lipid infant formula milk powder, for which lipid oxidation was found to be the critical quality parameter, is a_w = 0.33 with lowest lipid oxidation, while for high protein infant formula milk powder, for which protein degradation was found to be the critical quality parameter, a_w = 0.11 is optimal to limit formation of Maillard reaction products.     

酪蛋白在碎猪肉边角料重组中的应用研究

主要研究了以鲜猪肉分割过程中产生的碎精肉为原料,经腌制后添加转谷氨酰胺酶、酪蛋白进行重组的工艺.以转谷氨酰胺酶添加量、酪蛋白添加量和反应时间为影响因素,以坚实度和内聚性为指标进行重组工艺参数优化,结果表明,在原料肉中添加4g/kg TG和20g/kg酪蛋白,6℃条件下反应12h,重组肉的坚实度和内聚性分别为825g和0.334,研究结果为碎肉的重组和综合利用提供了理论依据.     

清洗方式对鲜切莴笋品质和农残去除的影响

研究不同清洗方式对鲜切莴笋中的有机磷农药去除作用及对其品质指标的影响。结果表明:次氯酸钙和果蔬清洗机均能去除农药残留,保持鲜切莴笋的品质,其中果蔬清洗机清洗15min,能更有效的去除农药残留,抑制呼吸强度,杀灭微生物。     

仙草胶提取及黏度特性研究

以广东增城派潭镇的仙草为原料,利用常压碱液浸提的方法提取仙草中的仙草胶。研究仙草胶浸提工艺和仙草胶特性黏度的影响因素。得出最佳提取工艺条件为∶料液比1∶40,Na2CO3浓度0.3%,浸提时间90 min,该条件下仙草胶得率为36.80%。用苯酚-硫酸法测得仙草胶中仙草多糖含量为216.27 mg/g。25℃下仙草胶的特性黏度为99.608 mL/g。不同因素(温度、pH、金属离子、白砂糖和蛋白质)对仙草胶特性黏度都有不同程度的影响。     

低果胶萝卜红色素的提取工艺优化实验研究

用单因素提取和多级逆流提取的方法提取低果胶的萝卜红色素,以色素和果胶提取率作为评价指标,优化提取工艺。单因素实验表明,用65%乙醇溶液,料液比1:6,pH3常温浸提5h,可达到较高的色素提取率,乙醇沉淀法测得提取液不含果胶。比较静态提取和逆流提取方法,逆流提取增加两相的色素浓度差,提高了传质动力,因而可加快色素平衡时间,提高色素平衡时的浓度,提高了色素提取效率。     

响应面优化绿色木霉菌培养基

利用响应面分析法对绿色木霉菌的培养基进行优化。通过测量不同营养条件下绿色木霉菌落生长直径研究其生物学特性,在单因素实验的基础上,选定葡萄糖添加量、丙氨酸添加量和磷酸二氢钾添加量3个因素进行中心组合实验,建立二次回归方程,并应用响应面分析法进行优化。结果表明,绿色木霉菌最佳培养基为葡萄糖2.11 g/dL、丙氨酸0.15 g/dL、磷酸二氢钾0.30 g/dL。在此条件下培养的绿色木霉菌菌落生长直径达到78.00 mm,与预测值77.87 mm接近(CI>95%)。     

关于黄酒非生物性浑浊问题的研究进展

介绍了黄酒浑浊的形成原因,概述了黄酒非生物性浑浊的类型、主要成分分析及其控制措施,分析了不同酒所存在的浑浊问题以期找到解决黄酒非生物性浑浊的方法,综述了黄酒非生物性浑浊的研究进展,并对未来的研究作出展望.     

大豆蛋白凝胶制备及其性质研究

研究以NaCl作为凝固剂,将大豆分离蛋白(SPI)80℃预热处理10 h,在不同浓度、离子强度及pH值条件下,通过95℃加热蛋白液30min使蛋白变性来制备大豆蛋白凝胶,并对凝胶的质构及凝胶特性进行了分析。结果表明:pH值7.0、80℃预热处理10 h的大豆蛋白溶解性明显小于普通SPI,其他pH值条件下两者溶解性差异不大;pH值2.0、80℃预热处理10 h的蛋白凝胶情况明显优于普通SPI,在一定范围内,随着蛋白浓度及离子强度的增加,凝胶情况越来越好。     

pH调控-热处理改善大豆蛋白中间组分乳化特性研究

采用pH调控-热处理方法改性大豆蛋白中间组分,研究了改性后产物的溶解性,乳化特性以及抗冻融乳化能力的变化趋势。结果显示:酸碱处理结合热处理可改善大豆蛋白中间组分的乳化特性;pH=10.0结合90℃处理后蛋白溶解性比对照样中性条件下提高了40%,所制备的乳状液表面积平均粒径为2.1μm,比对照样(pH=7.0、常温)D[3,2]下降了3.7μm;pH=2.0结合90℃处理后蛋白乳状液表面积平均粒径为3.7μm,比对照样D[3,2]下降了2.1μm;乳化稳定性以及蛋白的抗冻融乳化能力在pH调控-热处理后均有所提高。