Effect of antimicrobial packaging on physicochemical and microbial quality of chicken drumsticks

The effects of antimicrobial agents (nisin, chitosan, potassium sorbate (PS) or silver substituted zeolite (AgZeo)) incorporated into low density polyethylene (LDPE) on the physicochemical and microbial quality of chicken drumsticks stored at 5 °C for 6 days were investigated. Active multilayer bags (LDPE/polyamide/LDPE-containing 2% antimicrobial agent) were used to pack chicken drumsticks under vacuum. Their efficiency in inhibiting total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (APC), total coliforms and total molds and yeasts were evaluated by comparison with control bag (LDPE-polyamide-LDPE). APC counts of samples packed in bags containing chitosan, nisin, AgZeo and PS were 1.03, 0.98, 0.51, and 0.17 log respectively were lower than those of samples packed in control bags. Samples packaged in active bags had lower microbial counts and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values than those of samples packed in control bags. The pH, color and hardness of the samples were not affected significantly by use of different packaging films (p > 0.05). Therefore, the bag including chitosan or nisin can be suggested as a suitable packaging material for chicken drumstick to increase safety and quality.     

基于粒子滤波衰减因子抑制干扰的组合导航信息融合算法

为修正组合导航系统受到干扰的数据,使用粒子滤波算法判别数据是否符合系统误差要求;采用改进的粒子滤波算法,当组合导航系统单一通道受到干扰而发散时,通过改变受干扰通道粒子在系统中的权值来抑制干扰。仿真结果表明,改进的粒子滤波算法在组合导航系统单一通道发散的条件下能够有效地降低误差、提高精度,从而使系统仍能保持较好的工作状态。     

一种预防XML文件过大引起JAVA内存泄露的方案

JAVA内存泄露是对应用系统的稳定性有很大的影响,文件过大使程序运行要用到的内存大于虚拟机能提供的最大内存而导致内存泄露.文中提出了通过对XML文件拆分与拼装来解决由于XML文件过大而导致的内存泄露问题的方法.测试结果表明可以有效预防内存泄露.     

草甘膦对大豆超微结构及光合指标影响的研究

利用透射电镜和扫描电镜,研究转基因抗草甘膦大豆和非抗草甘膦大豆东农42喷施草甘膦后大豆光合器官叶片的超微结构变化,并结合叶绿素含量、光合速率的测定,对比分析了抗草甘膦大豆和东农42在结构及生理功能上对草甘膦的表现及结构与功能变化的关系.研究结果表明抗草甘膦大豆对草甘膦的胁迫可以看作是一种适应.它首先经过一个损伤期,然后进入修复期,最终到基本恢复,表现出对草甘膦的抗性.而东农42的光合系统及光合功能则被草甘膦所彻底破坏.本文对其原因进行探究,以期为转基因作物育种尤其是超微结构方面的研究及草甘膦作用机理的研究有一定帮助.     

基于蛛网模型的粮食价格稳定性影响因素分析

本文通过比较粮食供给与需求弹性,判定我国粮食价格的稳定性,运用主成分分析法研究粮食价格波动的影响因素,得出粮食需求因素对粮食价格波动影响较大的结论。在此基础上,提出相应的对策建议来保障粮食价格的稳定。     

Genome-Wide Analysis of the Peroxidase Gene Family and Verification of Lignin Synthesis-Related Genes in Watermelon

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is an important horticultural crop worldwide, but peel cracking caused by peel hardness severely decreases its quality. Lignification is one of the important functions of class III peroxidase (PRX), and its accumulation in the plant cell wall leads to cell thickening and wood hardening. For in-depth physiological and genetical understanding, we studied the relationship between peel hardness and lignin accumulation and the role of PRXs affecting peel lignin biosynthesis using genome-wide bioinformatics analysis. The obtained results showed that lignin accumulation gradually increased to form the peel stone cell structure, and tissue lignification led to peel hardness. A total of 79 ClPRXs (class III) were identified using bioinformatics analysis, which were widely distributed on 11 chromosomes. The constructed phylogenetics indicated that ClPRXs were divided into seven groups and eleven subclasses, and gene members of each group had highly conserved intron structures. Repeated pattern analysis showed that deletion and replication events occurred during the process of ClPRX amplification. However, in the whole-protein sequence alignment analysis, high homology was not observed, although all contained four conserved functional sites. Repeated pattern analysis showed that deletion and replication events occurred during ClPRXs’ amplification process. The prediction of the promoter cis-acting element and qRT-PCR analysis in four tissues (leaf, petiole, stem, and peel) showed different expression patterns for tissue specificity, abiotic stress, and hormone response by providing a genetic basis of the ClPRX gene family involved in a variety of physiological processes in plants. To our knowledge, we for the first time report the key roles of two ClPRXs in watermelon peel lignin synthesis. In conclusion, the extensive data collected in this study can be used for additional functional analysis of ClPRXs in watermelon growth and development and hormone and abiotic stress response.     

不同来源胆盐水解酶基因在大肠杆菌中的表达

根据GenBank上报道的两歧双歧杆菌ATCC 29521的胆盐水解酶基因(BSH)序列和嗜酸乳杆菌NCFM的胆盐水解酶基因(BSHA和BSHB)序列,设计引物通过PCR扩增获得BSH基因,将其连接到表达载体pET28a(+),构建pETBSH表达质粒,经IPTG诱导表达后,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)检测表明在分子质量大小约40、43、45kD处有预期条带出现,初步表明蛋白表达成功。重组菌产生的胆盐水解酶水解甘氨胆酸钠产生的甘氨酸经茚三酮比色法分析,表明该重组的胆盐水解酶具有水解活性。     

Physicochemical and adhesive properties,microstructure and storage stability of whey protein-based paper glue

The objective of this study was to formulate and evaluate a novel liquid paper glue based on a renewable material, polymerized whey proteins (PWP), and a synthetic polymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K90. Both PWP and PVP separately and/or cumulatively played important roles in the viscosity and bonding strength of the glue. Two optimized formulations (prototype A and prototype B) were analyzed for physicochemical and adhesive properties, microstructure and storage stability. A commercial product was used as a reference for comparison. Both prototypes had comparable bonding strength with the control, showed full substrate failure in the lap-shear strength tests, and exhibited faster setting property than the control. Viscosity of the prototypes was lower than that of the control, but they were still easy for application and spread. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis showed that combined PVP and PWP formed more compact networks compared with those formed by PWP alone. Not only did they have desirable adhesive properties, both prototypes with addition of an antimicrobial agent also had stable shelf lives. Neither significant changes of bonding strength, viscosity or appearance, nor growth of microbes was observed during storage at 23 °C or 40 °C for 12 months. In conclusion, the whey protein based paper glue has comparable functional properties to the commercial product.     

东北黑土地产能时空演变及其提升对策

东北黑土地产能变化的时空演化规律研究对于保护东北黑土地、保障国家粮食安全具有重要意义。基于MODIS-EVI数据,利用阈值法以作物最优生长时长(MAD)表征黑土地产能,揭示2010～2018年东北黑土地产能的时空演变及提升潜力。结果表明:①东北黑土地产能整体由中南向西北递减,以作物最优生长时长2～4级为主,种植集中区主要分布于松嫩平原东部及三江平原中西部地区; ②东北黑土地产能2010～2018年总体表现为先上升后下降的趋势,70%左右的黑土地产能保持稳定,产能显著提升的黑土地占3.99%,产能显著下降的占24.88%; ③东北黑土地产能提升潜力整体处于中等水平,空间上呈现“西高东低”状态,具有较大提升潜力的耕地较少。基于上述研究结果,参考黑土地保护的梨树模式、龙江模式,针对黑土地出现的“变薄、变瘦、变硬”等问题,提出了东北黑土地产能提升与保护的政策建议。     

基于灰色关联度的集对分析差异系数研究

针对集对分析中差异不确定系数i的取值不确定问题,分别将差异度与同一度和对立度的关联度作为i的取值,运用灰色理论巾的绝对关联度计算方法对i进行求解,并应用到富锦市土壤质量评价中,结果符合实际情况。研究结果表明,采用灰色绝对关联度计算差异系数是可行的,为集对分析中差异系数i的求解提供了新的思路和方法。