A multifactor stochastic volatility model of commodity prices

We propose a novel representation of commodity spot prices in which the cost-of-carry and the spot price volatility are both driven by an arbitrary number of risk factors, nesting many existing specifications. The model exhibits unspanned stochastic volatility, provides simple closed-form expressions of commodity futures, and yields analytic formulas of European options on futures. We estimate the model using oil futures and options data, and find that the pricing of traded contracts is accurate for a wide range of maturities and strike prices. The results suggest that at least three risk factors in the spot price volatility are needed to accurately fit the volatility surface of options on oil futures, highlighting the importance of using general multifactor models in pricing commodity contingent claims.     

The safety regulation of small-scale coal mines in China: Analysing the interests and influences of stakeholders

Small scale coal mines (SCMs) have played an important role in China’s energy supply. At the same time, they also suffer from many social, economic, environmental, and safety problems. The Chinese government has made considerable efforts to strengthen the safety regulation of the coal mining industry. Yet, few of these efforts have proven to be very effective. This paper analyzes the interests and influences of key stakeholders in the safety regulation of SCMs, which includes the safety regulator, the local government, the mine owner, and mineworkers. We argue that the effective regulation of coal mine safety must both engage and empower mineworkers.     

A scheduling model for systems with task and health dependent remaining useful life prognostics

When we schedule a system to perform a task, a factor that should be taken into account is the remaining useful life prognostics of the system. This prognostics of the system may depend not only on the health state of the system, but also on the characteristics of the task to be performed. Assuming such prognostics is available at the time of system scheduling, the problem is to find a method to schedule the system, which can improve the expected profit rate. Two system life models were proposed for the case considered in this paper. Due to the dynamic nature of the problem, a global optimal policy is hard to find, we proposed an approach based on the approximated expected profit rate to schedule the systems. The approach is validated through simulations compared with a number of other task scheduling rules to show the advantage of the proposed approach. We also find the optimal global stationary result by exhaustive search of small scheduling problems of few systems and tasks to compare with the proposed approximate one. Further numerical analyses are presented to demonstrate the process of determining a decision variable and the sensitivity analysis in terms of a cost parameter.     

Big data application in exchange rate financial prediction platform based on FPGA and human-computer interaction

A prediction is a statement about the financial market. The financial market prediction may lack sufficient reasons or any good stock market analysis. The financial prediction may be correct or inaccurate on any given occasion, or average, Model-based or information. The financial prediction is made by various methods, including hundreds of economic evaluation and test systems, which are Observable in the gate array. The Digital signal processing system and IoT (Internet of thing) for exchange rate finical perdition platform in the previous method. The previous method is difficulty in lower investment to reduce inflation and false value setting. The proposed method is based on Programmable Gate and learning for finical predication. A critical challenge of financial forecasting issues, along with opportunities that arise from the unique characteristics of financial data, signal-to-noise ratios, persistent predictors, predictive instability and environmental predictability resulting from competitive pressure and investors learning. The machine approaches for predicting the mean, variance, and probability distribution of asset returns. Programmable Gate Array covers how to evaluate financial forecasts, which leads to data mining concerns, taking into account the possibility that numerous forecast models are being considered.     

A Fast 2-D Otsu lung tissue image segmentation algorithm based on improved PSO

In order to reduce the time of lung tissue image segmentation, we proposed a fast 2-D Otsu lung tissue image segmentation algorithm based on improved PSO. Firstly, in the 2-D Otsu algorithm, the search scope of 2-D gray threshold is limited in a long and narrow region, which is the neighbourhood of the diagonal from the third region to the first region of the 2-D gray histogram, and the search scope and the computation are reduced, operation speed is improved. Secondly, In the PSO algorithm, the position of the particles is adjusted during iterating based on the principle of symmetric disposition, so as to avoid PSO falling into local optimal solution and improves the accuracy of threshold searching. Finally, a lung CT image with 1280×960 resolutions is segmented by our algorithm and other traditional algorithms, and a comparison is given. The segmentation threshold of our method is 85, the difference is less than 5 comparing with that of other traditional algorithms, and it shows that our method has almost the same searching precision as the traditional algorithms. The time cost is only 162ms, which is far less than the traditional algorithms, and it shows that our method improve the segmentation speed. It can be concluded that our method can not only satisfy the requirement of segmentation precision, but also meet the requirement of operation speed.     

The Defense Against Jamming Attack in Cognitive Radio Networks: Energy Efficiency Management Perspective

Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN) learning perspective and inherently reconfigurable capability generate a group of novel safety problems. Here, let's analyze the jamming security issue with a smart jammer, which could rapidly study the broadcast power of the users also flexibly regulate their broadcast power towards maximizing the destructive effects. Additionally, the Secondary User (SU) spends energy while switching to next frequency channel, cause degradation of the system performances with respect to energy effectiveness. Here, we explore the use of Stackelberg game to achieve jamming resilient radio transmission and power control strategy of an SU. The optimal power allocation is carried out with the iterative water-filling algorithm (WFA) and Channel Allocation based on Stackelberg Game algorithm (CASG) exhibits the Stackelberg equilibrium and the min-max/max-min best power allocation over the recreation of the various game situations.     

Research on digital characterization and identification process model of functional genes for intelligent innovative design

The inheritance and variation of functional knowledge is an important way to achieve product innovation. Analogous biological genetic inheritance can solve the problems with the inheritance and variation of functional knowledge. However, the different expressions of functional knowledge in different domains lead designers to consuming a lot of time for functional knowledge characterization and identification, which reduces the efficiency of functional knowledge application. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of inefficient application of functional knowledge in the genetic process caused by irregular expression of functional knowledge, the paper proposes a digital characterization and identification process model of functional genes for product intelligent innovative design. The process model enables product intelligent innovative design through digital characterization of functional genes and rapid identification of functional genes using computer assistance. The process model consists of four following steps. First, extract functional knowledge from patents and perform preliminary functional gene characterization. Second, characterize functional genes digitally by using computerized digital coding techniques. Third, identify the required functional genes by using image similarity matching algorithm. It assists designers to quickly identify the functional genes required for the target system. Fourth, obtain the target product design scheme. By “transcribing” and “translating” the required functional genes and using TRIZ tools to solve the translated scheme, the product innovative design scheme is finally obtained. The feasibility and effectiveness of the model are verified by the intelligent innovative design of shared bicycle parking management device.     

A simulation-based approach for dynamic process management at web service platforms

Web services technology is being adopted as a viable deployment approach for future distributed software systems that enable business-to-business and business-to-consumer interactions across the open and dynamic internet environment. Recent research is focused on developing support technologies for web service discovery, on-demand service composition, and robust execution to facilitate web services based deployment of business processes. Developing techniques to cope with the volatile and open nature of the web during execution of composite services at the service platform is essential for delivering reliable and acceptable performance in this new process delivery framework. In this paper, we propose a simulation-based framework to guide scheduling of composite service execution. Online simulation of the dynamics of the open environment is used for scheduling service requests at the service platform. Comparison of the look-ahead simulation for different scheduling policies with the current execution state provides guidelines for service execution in order to cope with system volatility. We have implemented a prototype of the proposed framework and illustrate the feasibility of our approach with experimental studies.     

Evaluating Steiner-tree heuristics and diameter variations for application layer multicast

Latency reduction in distributed interactive applications has been studied intensively. Such applications may have stringent latency requirements and dynamic user groups. We focus on application-layer multicast with a centralized approach to the group management. The groups are organized in overlay networks that are created using graph algorithms that create a tree structure for the group. A tree has no cycles and uses a small routing table, as opposed to a connected overlay mesh.We investigated a group of spanning tree problems that are referred to as Steiner-tree problems, and we have a particular focus on reducing the diameter of a tree, which is the maximum pairwise latency in a tree. In addition, we focus on reducing the time it takes to execute membership changes. In that context, we use core-selection heuristics to find well-placed client nodes, and edge-pruning algorithms to reduce the number of edges in an otherwise fully meshed overlay. Our edge-pruning algorithms strongly connect well-placed client nodes to the remaining group members, to create new and pruned group graphs. Consequently, when a tree algorithm is applied to a pruned group graph, it is manipulated into creating trees with a smaller diameter.We devised new Steiner-tree heuristics that reduced the diameter, and also proposed new edge-pruning algorithms to make the tree construction faster. These heuristics and algorithms were implemented and analyzed experimentally along with several spanning-tree and core-selection heuristics found in the literature. We found that a full-mesh of shortest paths makes it difficult for Steiner-tree heuristics to find better trees than spanning tree algorithms. The network seen from the application layer is in fact a full mesh of shortest paths. In addition, we found that faster Steiner-tree heuristics that do not explicitly optimize the diameter are able to compete with slower heuristics that do optimize it.     

食品安全监管法律体系构造研究——基于国家食品安全监管政策的思考

台湾地区＂塑化剂门＂这一重大事件再次引起人们对食品安全的关注.痛定思痛,法律制度体系的完善和协调是约束市场经营主体、根治食品安全顽疾的根本手段,包括行政监管法制的完善、民事赔偿法制的完善、司法制度的完善等.同时,要让市场主体真正承担起社会责任.而协调各个法律部门之间的关系,实现各部法律之间的功能能够统一互补、相得益彰,也是通过法制手段解决食品安全问题的关键.