黄精水提物干预脂多糖诱导的巨噬细胞极化与自噬研究

目的 探讨黄精水提物(Polygonatum sibiricum aqueous extract, PSAE)对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharides, LPS)诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞M1极化与自噬的调节作用, 探究其抗炎机制。方法 实验分为对照组(无任何处理)、LPS组(100 ng/mL LPS刺激12 h)、PSAE低、中、高剂量组(50、100、200 μg/mL PSAE预处理细胞 4 h后, 再加入100 ng/mL LPS刺激12 h)。细胞计数(cell counting kit-8, CCK-8)法检测细胞活性; Griess法检测细胞NO分泌量; 实时荧光定量PCR检测细胞诱导型NO合酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS)、白细胞介素-1β (interleukin-1β, IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)及单核细胞趋化蛋白-1 (monocyte chemotactic protein-1, MCP-1)的mRNA水平; 蛋白质免疫印迹和免疫荧光法检测M1型极化标志物iNOS表达水平; 蛋白质免疫印迹检测微管相关蛋白1轻链3 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3, LC3)和螯合体1 (sequestosome 1, p62)表达水平。结果 与LPS组相比, PSAE可使RAW264.7细胞NO的分泌减少(P<0.05, P<0.01), PSAE也可降低M1极化相关炎症因子(iNOS、IL-1β、TNF-α、MCP-1) mRNA表达水平(P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001), 降低M1极化标志物iNOS蛋白表达水平(P<0.05, P<0.001), 同时, PSAE可降低LC3II/I值(P<0.01, P<0.001), 促进p62蛋白表达(P<0.01), 从而降低自噬水平。结论 PSAE能够抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞M1极化和自噬水平, 减轻细胞炎症反应。     

邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯在青春期小鼠体内的代谢动力学研究

研究邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（di-（2-ethylhexyl）phthalate,DEHP）在青春期小鼠体内的代谢动力学,以300 mg/kg DEHP灌胃青春期小鼠,血清样品经固相萃取（solid phase extraction,SPE）提取和净化,气相色谱-质谱联用（gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS）法测定不同时间点的血药质量浓度,以3p97软件拟合其动力学参数。DEHP在青春期小鼠体内的主要药物代谢动力学参数：药峰质量浓度ρmax为（0.476±0.028） μg/mL,达峰时间Tpeak为（2.539±0.424） h,药-时曲线下面积AUC（0-t）为（32.209±11.220） h•μg/mL,分布半衰期t1/2α为（1.886±0.480） h,消除半衰期t1/2β为（36.473±8.324） h。本方法简便快捷,其灵敏度和准确度均可满足青春期小鼠体内DEHP代谢动力学研究。DEHP在青春期小鼠体内药物代谢动力学过程符合一级吸收二室开放模型,其分布较快,代谢较慢。     

Reduction of mutagenicity of the fumes from cooking oil by degumming treatment

The fume of cooking oil has been reported to increase the risk of respiratory tract cancer. The influence of a degumming treatment of peanut oil on the contents of mutagenic compounds in fumes from heated peanut oil was investigated. The results indicate that the peanut oil prepared from roasted peanut kernels which underwent degumming treatment had a lower free fatty acid (FFA) content and a higher smoke point, was more clear in color, and produced less fumes when heated at smoke point. Moreover, when compared to untreated peanut oil, the mutagenicity of oil fumes of degummed peanut oil toward Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 was reduced to 81% and 73% (p<0.05), respectively. The degummed peanut oil which was obtained by adding 3% water and heating at 60°C for 20 min produced the least amount of mutagenic fume. The contents of four mutagenic compounds, trans-trans-2,4-decadienal (t-t-2,4-DDE), trans-trans-2,4-nonadienal (t-t-2,4-NDE), trans-2-decenal (t-2-DCA), and trans-2-undecenal (t-2-UDA) in oil fumes of degummed peanut oils were drastically decreased (p<0.05), especially the t-t-2,4-DDE. The results also indicate that the FFA content had a high linear correlation with mutagenicity (r²=0.9978) and content of t-t-2,4-DDE (r²=0.7685). Moreover, there was a correlation (r²=0.7816) between the content and the mutagenicity of t-t-2,4-DDE. The decrease of FFA by degumming might explain the reduction of mutagenic alkenal compounds and mutagenicity of fumes from heated peanut oil.     

合肥市45～60岁中年人群膳食平衡指数和代谢综合征关系研究

目的:运用调整的膳食平衡指数(DBI-07)评价合肥市中年人群的膳食质量,探讨膳食与代谢综合征(MS)之间的关联。方法:采用横断面研究,整群抽取2013年1月—2013年12月合肥市某三甲医院体检中心年龄为45~60周岁的体检者580名,按照是否患有MS将调查对象分为MS组和非MS组。采用半定量的食物频率问卷收集调查对象1年内的食物摄入情况,运用调整的膳食平衡指数(DBI-07)计算并比较2组研究对象的评分。2组的膳食平衡指数比较及食物摄入评分的比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验,运用单因素Logistic回归模型分析MS的影响因素。结果:膳食摄入不足(LBS-DBI)、膳食摄入过量(HBS-DBI)和膳食不平衡(DQD-DBI)与MS的风险升高有关,OR值分别为1.034(95%CI∶1.007~1.062)、1.078(95%CI:1.029~1.130)和1.054(95%CI:1.027~1.082)。结论:膳食摄入不足、膳食摄入过量和膳食摄入失衡与MS的高风险相关。预防MS的发生,需要注重膳食平衡。     

On-line scheme for computing rotation factors

An integrated radix-2 on-line algorithm for computing rotation factors for matrix transformations is presented. The inputs are in sign-and-magnitude, floating-point representation and the outputs can be used in on-line signed-digit or in parallel form. The exponents are computed using conventional arithmetic while the significands are processed using on-line algorithms. The conventional result is obtained by using an on-the-fly conversion scheme. The rotation factors are computed in 10 + n clock cycles for n-bit significands. The clock period is kept small by the use of redundant adder schemes and low-precision estimates. The implementation and performance of the algorithm are discussed and compared with other approaches.     

Electromagnetic transients due to single pole tripping of a faulted long transmission line

This paper presents symmetrical components in the frequency domain for electromagnetic transients during single line to ground faults and single pole tripping conditions. The transmission line sections are represented by two port networks including the line frequency dependent parameters. The generators and transformers are represented by their operational impedances in the frequency domain. The boundary conditions due to single line to ground faults and/or single pole trippings are represented by superposition techniques. The final solution of the currents and voltages is then obtained using numerical Laplace transform inverse methods. The results show the overvoltage conditions on the faulted and unfaulted phases due to a single-pole tripping following a single line to ground fault. Furthermore the paper discusses details of the boundary conditions and the numerical solution.     

Heat release during thermally-induced failure of a lithium ion battery: Impact of cathode composition

A novel experimental technique, Copper Slug Battery Calorimetry (CSBC), was employed for the measurement of the energetics and dynamics of the thermally-induced failure of 18650 form factor lithium ion batteries (LIBs) containing three different cathodes: lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) and lithium iron phosphate (LFP). The heat capacity of these LIBs was evaluated to be 1.1±0.1 J g⁻¹ K⁻¹ for all three types. It was shown that the total heat generated inside the batteries increases with increasing amount of electrical energy stored. The maximum total internal heat generated by fully-charged LIBs was found to be 37.3±3.3, 34.0±1.8 and 13.7±0.4 kJ/cell for LCO, NMC and LFP LIBs, respectively. Detailed modeling of heat transfer in the CSBC experiments was carried out to evaluate thermal conductivities of the LIBs and demonstrate that the assumptions associated with the CSBC experiment analysis are valid. Additionally, experiments were carried out in which the CSBC technique was combined with cone calorimetry to measure the heat produced in flaming non-premixed combustion of vented battery materials. The released combustion heat varied between 35 and 63 kJ/cell for LCO LIBs, 27 and 81 kJ/cell for NMC LIBs, and 36 and 50 kJ/cell for LFP LIBs.     

Transboundary movement of genetically modified organisms in India: Current scenario and a decision support system

Genetically modified (GM) crops have benefited global agriculture by introduction of superior traits for better agronomic performance, ensuring nutritional security and mitigating climate change. In India, to meet the demand of burgeoning population and to withstand the changing climate, GM crops would play an important role. Since 1997, GM crops are being imported through Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), New Delhi, the designated nodal organization for quarantine processing and import of GMOs (referred to GM planting material in present context) for research purposes. In the present study, an attempt has been made to analyze the trend of import of GMOs. Till the end of 2015, 205 consignments of fifteen GM crops have been imported from 19 countries by public and private sector. Detailed analysis of diversity in traits of imported GM events and imported stacked traits in cotton and maize has been made. In the recent past, four consignments of GMOs have been exported for research purposes. Involvement of public/private sector in transboundary movement of GMOs was evaluated. Along with quarantine processing of imported/exported GMOs, molecular testing for specific transgenic elements as claimed by the importer/exporter is also carried out employing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR based markers. Efficient detection strategies based on GMO matrix as a decision support system, loop-mediated isothermal amplification and multi-target real-time PCR-based systems have been developed. The data presented herein would provide a decision support system to check for authorized/unauthorized GMOs in food and supply chain.     

Predicting the effects of design parameter variations on major fire spread in a tunnel

In an earlier work a deterministic model, FIRE-SPRINT A1, which predicts the conditions for fire spread in a tunnel, has been presented. The model, based on the concepts of non-linear dynamics, may be used to predict the conditions for spread from one vehicle to another in a tunnel fire. A few illustrative simulations were given. In this communication the results of further simulations are presented; in particular, bifurcation following has been conducted for the case of fire spread from one heavy goods vehicle to another in a rail tunnel. These demonstrate further how the model may be used to identify those geometrical and thermo-physical conditions which give rise to instability and a jump. In principle, such a model may be used as an aid to design and operation for a tunnel.     

Series faults in six-phase electric poer systems

The planning and design of transmission systems require the analysis of systems under steady-state as well as under transient conditions.This paper addresses a group of medium-fast transients in six-phase systems created by faults which do not involve any connection between conductors or between conductors and ground. This type of imbalance is referred to as a series fault; it arises, in most instances, when poles of a circuit breaker fail to open, thus creating an unbalanced series impedance condition. The various cases of series faults or open-line faults for six-phase transmission systems are analyzed in this work using the method of symmetrical components and Thévenin's theorem for two-port networks. A numerical algorithm for each of the various series fault cases is also developed here. This will allow us to determine the unbalanced currents resulting from an unbalanced series impedance condition.