腔内修复或药物治疗稳定型B型主动脉夹层

【摘要】 目的 比较胸主动脉腔内修复术（TEVAR）联合药物及单纯药物在稳定型Standford B型主动脉夹层治疗中的价值,探讨稳定型B型主动脉夹层治疗策略。方法 回顾性分析2004年至2015年收治的118例明确诊断为稳定型B型主动脉夹层患者临床资料,其中接受TEVAR联合药物治疗（TEVAR组）57例,单纯药物治疗（药物组）61例。分别统计1个月内、随访期并发症和死亡率,Kaplan- Meier生存曲线比较两组生存率。结果 术后1个月内及住院期间主要并发症发生率、死亡率,TEVAR组分别为5.2%、0%,药物组均为0%。术后随访1～110个月,平均（43.3±36.7）个月,主要并发症、死亡率在TEVAR组分别为7.0%、5.3%,药物组分别为6.6%、8.1%;术后1、2、4、7年累积生存率在TEVAR组分别为100%、97.1%、93.5%、78.0%,药物组分别为 98.4%、96.4%、90.8%、72.7%,两组间差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.019,P=0.890）。结论 与单纯药物治疗相比,TEVAR术治疗稳定型Standford B型主动脉夹层可降低假腔扩展率,但有手术相关并发症,并不能提高生存率。

     

脑穿刺损伤并局部注药大鼠模型的构建初探

目的建立脑穿刺损伤并局部注药大鼠模型,为进一步研究奠定基础。方法成熟的wistar雌性大鼠20只,按随机数字表法分为正常对照组和脑穿刺损伤组,每组10只。脑穿刺损伤组大鼠麻醉后,微型钻钻孔、将针刺入颅内,经顶叶皮层插入脑组织中4 mm,伤及皮层,刺入位置为中线旁开3 mm,额状缝前3 mm,留针2 min,并用X线侧位片和正位片检查刺入位置和深度后退出。正常对照组仅开颅,不致伤。Wistar大鼠脑穿刺后,消毒断头取大鼠皮层细胞原代培养,经纯化后星形细胞传代培养,取第3代星形胶质细胞进行GFPA的免疫组织化学检查鉴定细胞形态,观察脑穿刺损伤组与正常对照组星形胶质细胞的光密度OD值、数密度值。结果经原代及传代培养,获得大量几乎为单一种类细胞,其特点为胞体较大,形状不规则,胞质较丰富,细胞核圆形或卵圆形,常偏于胞体一侧,细胞突起较多较长,符合星形胶质细胞形态。免疫荧光检测显示GFAP阳性细胞为97%,脑穿刺损伤组原代培养细胞数量增多,脑穿刺损伤组与正常对照组星形胶质细胞的数密度分别为73.41±6.53和51.37±5.36,2组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。脑穿刺损伤组与正常对照组星形胶质细胞的光密度值分别为2.41±0.34和1.37±0.38,2组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论脑穿刺损伤并局部注药大鼠模型可以观察穿刺损伤部位的星形胶质细胞的变化,为在细胞水平研究创伤性脑损伤提供了平台。     

Spatial and temporal changes of subchondral bone proceed to articular cartilage degeneration in rats subjected to knee immobilization

This study was aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal changes of subchondral bone and its overlying articular cartilage in rats following knee immobilization. A total of 36 male Wistar rats (11–13 months old) were assigned randomly and evenly into 3 groups. For each group, knee joints in 6 rats were immobilized unilaterally for 1, 4, or 8 weeks, respectively, while the remaining rats were allowed free activity and served as external control groups. For each animal, femurs at both sides were dissected after sacrificed. The distal part of femur was examined by micro‐CT. Subsequently, femoral condyles were collected for further histological observation and analysis. For articular cartilage, significant changes were observed only at 4 and 8 weeks of immobilization. The thickness of articular cartilage and chondrocytes numbers decreased with time. However, significant changes in subchondral bone were defined by micro‐CT following immobilization in a time‐dependent manner. Immobilization led to a thinner and more porous subchondral bone plate, as well as a reduction in trabecular thickness and separation with a more rod‐like architecture. Changes in subchondral bone occurred earlier than in articular cartilage. More importantly, immobilization‐induced changes in subchondral bone may contribute, at least partially, to changes in its overlying articular cartilage. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:209–218, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

基于FCM算法与互信息量的图像自动分割

传统的阈值分割算法只考虑到图像的灰度信息,而忽略了灰度的空间分布以及分割后图像与原图像之间的关系。本文从分割图像与原图像的内在联系出发,提出了一种新的基于FCM算法与互信息量技术相结合的分割算法,即FCM-MI算法。首先利用FCM算法确定全局阈值作为初值,以互信息量为目标函数,在小范围内计算分割图像与原图像的互信息量,互互信息量达到最大时的阈值即为最优值。对大量医学图像和车牌图像进行的实验结果表明,本算法所得到的目标图像的边界特征保持完好,虚假目标信息大大降低,图像边界细腻、连续且定位性能好。     

基于模糊马尔可夫场的脑部MR图像分割算法

在传统马尔可夫场模型的基础上,建立了模糊马尔可夫场模型。通过对模型的分析得出图像像素对不同类的隶属度计算公式,提出了一种高效、无监督的图像分割算法,从而实现了对脑部MR图像的精确分割。通过对模拟脑部MR图像和临床脑部MR图像分割实验,表明新算法比传统的基于马尔可夫场的图像分割算法和模糊C-均值等图像分割算法有更精确的图像分割能力。     

Geometry of 2D components

A computer program is presented that has been developed to describe the 2D geometry of turned and milled components. The main feature of the program is its ability to accept geometrical elements that are not completely defined by their own data. Such elements are processed with the help of information supplied for the neighbouring elements.     

菌蚀型功能材料的合成与生物降解

设计与合成一种菌蚀型功能材料,探讨在模拟结肠环境下,材料降解性能与化学结构关系.用对甲基丙烯酰胺偶氮苯(BMAAB)为偶联剂,以偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,以甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为共单体,合成聚甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯-甲基丙烯酸-甲基丙烯酸甲酯[P(HEMA-MAA-MMA)]无规偶氮聚合物.用紫外、红外、核磁共振手段进行化学结构测定.测定该材料溶胀性能,建立体外厌氧条件下模拟结肠环境模型,用GPC凝胶色谱法、DSC差热分析法与SEM 扫描电镜法.比较聚合物降解前后分子量、热性能与形态变化.试验结果表明, 材料溶胀指数Q随材料中HEMA-MAA含量增加而增大.材料在模拟结构内容液环境中,降解程度与材料中亲水组分含量直接相关.该材料具有菌蚀功能,有望作为结肠靶向给药系统载体.     

Improving the luminescence and afterglow properties of Mg3Y2Ge3O12:Cr3+ by co-doping Bi3+

Generally, the emission intensity and afterglow of the near infrared phosphors can be improved by co-doping the sensitizer. In this work, Bi³⁺ ions as sensitizer are introduced into the near infrared phosphor Mg₃Y₂Ge₃O₁₂:Cr³⁺, and the luminescence properties are investigated. According to the principle of radius adaptation, Bi³⁺ ions would occupy eight coordinates in the host instead of Y³⁺ and Mg²⁺. Through structural refinement, theoretical calculation and experimental phenomena, there are two kinds of luminescent sources for Bi³⁺ ions, which come from ³P₁ → ¹S₀ (441 nm) and MMCT (330 nm), respectively. In addition, the substitution of Bi³⁺ for Mg²⁺ will result in inequivalent substitution forming defects (Bi_Mg·), and the trap depth is 0.55 eV. For Bi³⁺ and Cr³⁺ co-doped Mg₃Y₂Ge₃O₁₂, there are two factors can that can affect the luminescent properties of Cr, which are energy transfer and defects. The samples are obtained with three times the original emission intensity with the introduction of defects. At the same time, Bi³⁺ ions capture electrons to form new electron traps Bi²⁺ (Bi³⁺ + e^-) and the trap depth is 0.81 eV. Therefore, under the action of two traps Bi_Mg· and Bi²⁺ (Bi³⁺ + e^-), the afterglow characteristics of the samples are improved and the time can reach 1.5 h.