基于形状记忆合金的TMD半主动控制

针对建筑结构在随机荷载或风荷载作用下可能发生的频率不确定问题,特别是结构自振频率会随振幅的大小而发生漂移的非线性振动问题,提出性能可靠、构造简单的形状记忆合金SMA-TMD自适应半主动控制系统.从理论上探讨形状记忆合金在变刚度TMD控制装置中的应用,并进行相应的参数设计.同时,在研究随机荷载作用下TMD系统动力特性的基础上,结合短时傅里叶变换(STFT)设计出该系统的自适应半主动控制算法.算例表明,SMA-TMD自适应控制系统能较好地识别结构系统的时频特性,并进行有效的控制,具有性能可靠和自适应能力强等特点.该自适应控制系统较传统的TMD被动控制减震效果更好,鲁棒性更强.     

有侧移半刚性连接组合框架柱的稳定分析

为了研究有侧移半刚性连接组合框架的稳定性能,利用三柱子框架模型,考虑了梁端和柱远端不同约束情况对柱有效长度系数的影响,提出柱有效长度系数的简化方法.通过算例研究了节点的非线性弯矩-转角关系和荷载水平大小对柱有效长度系数的影响,比较了简化方法、Barakat-Chen方法与精确方法的计算结果.研究表明:简化方法比Barakat-Chen方法有更好的精确度,与精确方法计算结果接近.     

Simulation and optimization of SOFC-BCHP system

As the prime motor of dispersed energy system, the high-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are high efficient with large heat recovery. This study presents a simulation of SOFC building-based cooling, heat and power (BCHP) system, which can meet basic requirements in power and heating (cooling) of the designated customers. The peak power load can be met by power grid, while the peak heating (cooling) load requirement can be met by backup equipments. In order to solve the economic dispatch problem of the energy system, a restricted nonlinear optimization model has been developed. The production costs can be minimized via both the equality constraints of customer’s heat and power demands, and other inequality constrains of equipments’ capacities. The sequential quadratic programming method has been used to search the solution. The study indicates that the model can be used to optimize the system’s capacities and run strategy. An office building case has been computed, and it is indicated that the model can be served in design and optimization of SOFC-BCHP system.     

Research on the friction and wear mechanism of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/hydroxylapatite composite hydrogel

Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Hydroxylapatite (PVA/HA) composite hydrogel was prepared with poly(vinyl alcohol) and hydroxylapatite as raw materials, using the method of repeated freezing and thawing. The morphologies of PVA/HA composite hydrogel were observed by means of high-accuracy 3D profiler and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The compressive elastic modulus and the stress relaxation characteristics of PVA/HA composite hydrogel were measured using the flat-head cylinder indenter. The friction and wear tests between PVA/HA composite hydrogel and bovine knee articular cartilage were performed on the micro-tribometer. The worn morphologies of PVA/HA composite hydrogel were observed with environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). The results showed that PVA/HA composite hydrogel has the cross-link network microstructure which is similar to that of the natural bovine knee articular cartilages. With the increase of freezing-thawing cycles and the HA content, the degree of cross-link and the crystallization of PVA/HA composite hydrogel both increase, the elastic modulus increases evidently, the rate of stress relaxation is improved and the value of balance stress decreases. The friction coefficient decreases with the increase of the freezing-thawing cycles and the HA content. The more the freezing-thawing cycles are, the earlier the friction coefficient reaches the stable balance value. The friction deformation depth between PVA/HA composite hydrogel and bovine knee articular cartilage is inversely proportional to freezing-thawing cycles and the HA content. The main wear mechanisms of PVA/HA composite hydrogel are plastic flowing and adhesive flaking. The wear severity degree decreases with the increase of freezing-thawing cycles and the HA content. Supported by Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50535050), Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (Grant No. NCET-06-0479) and Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BK2005403)     

Influence of static pre-loading on the dynamic bending strength of concrete with particle element modeling

Experimental tests show that static pre-loading has a significant effect on the dynamic strength of concrete.Based on meso-scale particle element model,numerical simulations of dynamic bending tests with pre-loading are performed.Complete stress–strain relationships are then obtained.Significant increase in dynamic strength is found when the pre-loadings are imposed within the elastic limit of concrete.However,when the imposition of pre-loadings reaches the plastic or softening range,dynamic strengths may gradually decrease along with the increase in pre-loadings.The distribution of energy components and the failure modes are discussed to explain the mechanisms of the phenomena.     

Online hybrid test using a finite element program and an explicit integration scheme

A new online hybrid test system combined with substructuring techniques and incorporating finite element methods is developed.In the proposed system,numerical substructure analysis is conducted by ABAQUS/Explicit.An ABAQUS user subroutine is used as the interface between the main control program and ABAQUS to impose the target displacements and determine the reaction forces.No iteration is needed in this system,making it suitable for physical testing.As the approach also avoids the need to modify source code,it will be appealing to a number of real engineering applications.The proposed system adopts a separated-model framework,operator-splitting integration scheme,and data exchange through a socket mechanism.The earthquake responses of a simple steel moment-resisting frame are simulated,and the results obtained from the new system are compared to those obtained from the conventional analysis.It is found that the results obtained from the new system are accurate,demonstrating the applicability and efficiency of the proposed approach.The optimal test parameters are also studied to gain the most accurate results in the minimum time.     

Engineering all-aromatic polyamide surface from hydrophilic to superhydrophobic and the accelerated strategy

Being a new kind of nanomaterials, aromatic polyamide nanofibers (ANF) have been much highlighted in recent studies. We here demonstrate an isopropyl alcohol (IPA) accelerated chemical cleavage on poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) chopped fibers, which provides an efficient preparation method of ANF. The comprehensive study on the processes accelerated by different alcohols revealed that the preparation time of ANF in the mixed medium of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-alcohol (20:1 in volume) was shorten to 45 min and 75 min for methanol (ethanol) and isopropanol, respectively. However, the nanofibers prepared in DMSO-IPA exhibited the minimum in axial and radial dimensions, providing the finest and most uniform diameter of 16 nm. The corresponding ANF films through vacuum assisted filtration also showed the highest tensile strength of 150 MPa, in comparison with those of the ANF films prepared using other alcohols, which were about 110 MPa. Furthermore, ANF/silicon hybrid films were prepared by the ionic ring-opening reaction followed by the alkoxysilane condensation and nanoparticle fabrication. By changing the organo functional groups in the alkoxysilane, the surface of the films were adjustable in a wide contact angle range from 56° (hydrophilic) to 150° (superhydrophobic), suggesting the amendable interfacial properties potential applicable to composite fabrication with most of the resin matrix.     

Microstructure Evolution of Intermetallics Produced by Laser Powder Deposition

NiAl intermetallic alloys are potential high temperaturestructural materials in aeronautical and astronauticalindustries[1].However,the poor ductility andtoughness at room temperature severely restrict theirengineering applications[2,3].It is important todevelop new technology to product intermetallicmaterials for the improvement of the comprehensiveproperties and the workability.Laser powder depositionhas been used to synthesize many new materials.Furthermore,if incorporated with rapid proto…     

Development of the cube texture at low annealing temperatures in highly rolled pure nickel

The development of texture and microstructure during recrystallization of pure nickel rolled to very high strains has been investigated. Low-temperature annealing was chosen in order to separate the effects of recrystallization and grain growth. Particular attention was focused on the nucleation and growth of the cube orientation texture component, and on the effect of twinning in producing texture components of other orientations. The growth rates for recrystallizing grains of cube and non-cube orientations were analyzed from the EBSP data using an extended Cahn–Hagel method. Within the estimated experimental errors the growth rates of both orientation classes remain constant during recrystallization, with the cube orientation grains having a higher growth rate by a factor of ∼3. Some minor recrystallization texture components result from twinning, with the role of twinning being most important in the early stages of recrystallization.     

Experimental Study of Microstructure Evolution during Tempering of Quenched Steel and Its Application

LARGE-SIZED FORGINGS are usually intensivelyquenched to obtain the desired microstructuredistribution,high strength and hardness.Becauseresidual stresses are high in quenched large-sizedforgings,tempering processes follow quenchingprocesses to reduce the residual stress and obtain goodmechanical properties.Several differentmicrostructures are generated in quenched steelforgings,such as martensite,bainite and retainedaustenite.Modeling of microstructure evolution inquenched steel during …