1-MCP对库尔勒香梨贮藏品质和矿质营养的影响

以库尔勒香梨为试材,研究0.10、0.20、0.30 mg/kg浓度1-MCP对香梨贮藏过程中果实品质和矿质营养的影响。结果表明:1-MCP结合保鲜袋和冷藏处理能够明显抑制果实质量损失,保持果实硬度,防止果实内总酸含量、可溶性固形物含量、Vc含量变化。其中,0.10 mg/kg 1-MCP结合MAP和冷藏处理能较好地保持细胞膜的完整性,抑制Vc含量变化,防止褐变;0.20 mg/kg 1-MCP结合保鲜袋和冷藏处理能较好地保持果实质量。此外,采用一定浓度的1-MCP处理有助于果实中P、Ca含量和N、Ca含量相关性的增长,0.10 mg/kg 1-MCP处理有助于P、Ca含量相关性的增长;0.20 mg/kg、0.30 mg/kg 1-MCP处理有助于N、Ca含量相关性的增长。     

镍系胶光氧老化过程研究

介绍了液体核磁共振波谱法(NMR)、傅里叶变换红外光谱法(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)和热失重分析(TGA)4种现代分析方法在橡胶光氧老化分析中的应用。NMR法能分析橡胶链中单元链节的组成、FTIR法能表征镍系胶在光氧老化过程中分子结构的动态变化结果,SEM能研究样品的聚集状态及低温下的结晶行为,TG研究样品的热稳定性等。     

羧甲基-β-环糊精的制备及表征

在碱性介质条件下,以β-环糊精(β-CD)和一氯乙酸为原料,通过亲核取代反应得到羧甲基-β-环糊精(CM-β-CD),并用红外光谱和核磁共振对其进行了表征。考察了反应时间、反应温度和反应物配比对制备产物取代度的影响,结果表明:一氯乙酸与β-CD的物质的量比为10∶1时,在65℃时,反应7 h,可得到取代度3.66的羧甲基-β-环糊精。     

低碳经济促进天然气与煤层气产业快速发展

低碳经济已成为世界各国经济社会发展的重要战略,也是实现可持续发展的必然选择,未来能源供应体系必将向低碳、高效、环保转变.我国短期内实行的仍然是以煤炭为主的高碳能源体系,能源战略定位的根本是有序化、低碳化的清洁能源结构.转变发展模式、发展低碳经济,将使世界经济社会发展方式发生巨大变革,形成新的发展空间和经济竞争格局.我国...     

Synthesis,characterization and acidochromism of Poly (2-<Emphasis Type="Italic">N,N</Emphasis>–dimethylamino-4,6-Bis (2-thienyl)-pyrimidine)

A new monomer (2-N,N-dimethylamino-4,6-Bis (2-thienyl)–pyrimidine) was synthesized and its homopolymer was successfully prepared by using Ferric trichloride (FeCl₃) as an oxidant. The structure of the polymer and monomer was fully characterized by ¹H–NMR, FTIR, UV-vis, Fluorescent spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction pattern. The polymer gives rise to a band at λ _max = 391 nm. The polymer showed the PL spectrum, gave a peak at 507 nm.We have observed that the polymer was sensitive to inorganic acids and the acidochromism behavior was investigated applying organic acid such as CF₃COOH. The corresponding UV-Vis peaks were observed at 464 nm and 357 nm respectively. X-ray diffraction data shows that polymer has a certain crystallinity. The polymer exhibited an [η] value of 0.26 dLg⁻¹ at 25 °C in H₂SO₄ (w = 98%).     

基于一种新阈值函数在信号去噪中的应用

小波理论去噪方法有很多种,小波阈值去噪方法,理论较为成熟,算法更加简单,数值的稳定性高,去噪的效果好。软阈值函数方法和硬阈值函数方法去噪在实际应用中使用很广泛,但总有一些不足的地方,因为软、硬阈值函数自身的结构都有一定的缺陷。本人提出一种新的阈值函数,它有较好的光滑性,随着参数取值的变化,新阈值函数介于在软、硬阈值函数之间,而且表达式简单,计算方便。最后,在MATLAB环境下,对加入高斯白噪声的信号进行了去噪的仿真实验,结果表明:新阈值函数去噪方法好于软、硬阈值去噪方法。     

Detection of viable but non-culturable Escherichia coli O157:H7 from vegetable samples using quantitative PCR with propidium monoazide and immunological assays

Quantitative differentiation of the live fraction of pathogens in raw food samples is highly critical from a public health risk perspective, as many studies have shown that under stress conditions major foodborne pathogens enter a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state in which bacteria can remain for long periods of time and maintain the potential for virulence. The objective of this study was to evaluate the applicability of propidium monoazide (PMA) quantitative PCR (qPCR) and immunological methods for detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 VBNC populations induced by low temperature on the surface of lettuce and spinach plants. The primer/probe set selected influenced the qPCR signal in mixtures with a defined ratio of viable and non-viable cells. The PMA qPCR used in a background of added dead pathogens and epiphytic bacteria gave a detection limit of 10³ CFU/g leaf and a linear quantitative detection range of 5 log. During quantification of VBNC cells from lettuce and spinach samples there was a good correlation between the PMA qPCR results and viable counts detected by microscopy, showing that PMA qPCR gives an accurate indication of the VBNC population. However, the commercially available immunoassay methods used to detect Shiga-like toxin production and the O157 antibody in vegetable samples with no detectable culturable pathogen underestimated the number of samples contaminated with E. coli O157:H7 VBNC cells. Results indicate that PMA qPCR is a suitable technique for the detection and quantification of VBNC cells of foodborne pathogens in contaminated raw lettuce and spinach.     

甜高粱秸秆燃料乙醇产业化问题与对策的探讨

甜高粱具有极高的光合速率,有"高能植物"之称,其单位种植面积的乙醇产量较高.甜高粱特别适合在我国栽培,甜高粱燃料乙醇极具开发价值,它对能源安全和环境保护具有举足轻重的作用.文章简单介绍了新疆甜高粱用于生产低成本燃料乙醇的优势、试验情况以及产业化过程中面临的问题,并提出了解决这些问题应采取的对策.     

Mono- and oligosaccharides in fifteen Vicia faba L. cultivars

Fresh and dry mature seeds of fifteen cultivars or lines of faba bean were compared with respect to their mono- and oligosaccharide contents, in an attempt to determine the possibilities for selection in a breeding programme on the basis of some chemical characteristics. The raffinose content of the whole dry seed ranged from 0·12% to 0·29%, the stachyose content between 0·46% and 1·02%, the verbascose content, the principal α-galactoside, from 0·82% to 1·61% on a dry matter basis. These components occurred in seeds with more than 30% of dry matter, while fructose, glucose and sucrose regularly decreased during seed development.