Integrated mathematical optimisation approach for the tower crane hook routing problem to satisfy material demand requests on-site

Optimising decisions around the location and operation of tower cranes can improve the workflow in construction projects. Traditionally, the location and allocation problems involved in tower crane operations in the literature have been solved separately from the assignment of material supply points to demand points and the scheduling of the crane’s activity sequence across supply and demand points on a construction site. To address the gap, this paper proposes a binary integer programming problem, where location of the tower crane, allocation of supply points to material-demanding regions, and routing of hook of the crane based on activity sequencing of the hook across supply and material-demanding regions on site are optimised. The novelty in this work is in the way the crane’s activity scheduling is modelled via mathematical programming, based on routing the hook movement to meet material demand, through minimising tower crane operating costs. A realistic case study is solved to assess the validity of the model. The model is contrasted with results obtained from other solving algorithms commonly adopted in the literature, along with a solution proposed by an experienced practitioner. Results indicate that all instances can be solved when compared to other meta-heuristics that fail to achieve an optimum solution. Compared to the solution proposed by the practitioner, the results of the proposed model achieve a 46% improvement in objective function value. Planners should optimise decisions related to the location of the crane, the crane’s hook movement to meet service requests, and supply points’ locations and assignment to material-demanding regions simultaneously for effective crane operations.     

A Method for Evaluating Sea Dike Safety

To implement the maintenance and management of the sea dike engineering, the qualitative factors and quantitative factors need to be combined to evaluate the sea dike safety. Firstly, the evaluation index system and evaluation grading criterions of sea dike safety are established. Secondly, a new weight structure of evaluation indexes is proposed to combine the subjective weight and objective weight. Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process method is used to determine the subjective weight and implement the qualitative analysis for sea dike safety. Projection Pursuit algorithm is introduced to calculate the objective weight and implement the quantitative analysis for sea dike safety. Based on the minimum relative information entropy principle, above two weights are combined. Thirdly, an evaluation model of sea dike safety is built with the improved Set Pair Analysis method. Finally, the proposed analysis method is used to assess one sea dike safety in China. It is shown that the combined weight can describe both the subjective information of expert experience and objective variation information of samples values, the uncertainty of information can be handled by the improved Set Pair Analysis method. The evaluation model has the clear physical concepts and intuitive modeling process. The calculation result is reasonable. The proposed method can be applied to sea dike safety evaluation and other complex systems evaluation as well.     

考虑混凝土坝位移动力突变盲点的安全监控模型

针对坝体位移时间序列中出现数据跳跃的现象,基于动力学互关因子指数法与云模型理论,提出了一种能准确辨识大坝位移时间序列中动力突变盲点位置的诊断方法,并构建了考虑动力突变盲点的混凝土坝位移安全监控模型。基于不确定性动力系统对大坝位移的演化分析,综合运用相空间重构、云模型及小波分析等数值处理方法,从所辨识数值序列中的动力突变盲点出发,研究了对大坝工作性态转异进行预测诊断的方法。工程实例表明,该方法能找准对应位移的动力突变盲点,可避免动力突变盲点对大坝位移序列的不利影响,提高了大坝位移安全监控模型的可靠性和科学性。     

Nitrogen and phosphorus changes and optimal drainage time of flooded paddy field based on environmental factors

While many controlled irrigation and drainage techniques have been adopted in China, the environmental effects of these techniques require further investigation. This study was conducted to examine the changes of nitrogen and phosphorus of a flooded paddy water system after fertilizer application and at each growth stage so as to obtain the optimal drainage time at each growth stage. Four treatments with different water level management methods at each growth stage were conducted under the condition of ten-day continuous flooding. Results show that the ammonia nitrogen (NH⁺₄-N ) concentration reached the peak value once the fertilizer was applied, and then decreased to a relatively low level seven to ten days later, and that the nitrate nitrogen (NO^-₃-N) concentration gradually rose to its peak value, which appeared later in subsurface water than in surface water. Continuous flooding could effectively reduce the concentrations of NH⁺₄-N, NO^-₃-N , and total phosphorus (TP) in surface water. However, the paddy water disturbance, in the process of soil surface adsorption and nitrification, caused NH⁺₄-N to be released and increased the concentrations of NH⁺₄-N and NO^-₃-N in surface water. A multi-objective controlled drainage model based on environmental factors was established in order to obtain the optimal drainage time at each growth stage and better guide the drainage practices of farmers. The optimal times for surface drainage are the fourth, sixth, fifth, and sixth days after flooding at the tillering, jointing-booting, heading-flowering, and milking stages, respectively.     

小洼槽长距离倒虹吸水头损失的数值计算

为了探索采用Fluent软件模拟研究长距离倒虹吸水头损失的准确性,利用计算流体力学软件Fluent的水气两相流VOF法,采用三维标准k-ε模型对长距离倒虹吸水头损失进行模拟计算。计算中考虑壁面粗糙程度,设置不同的粗糙度模拟小洼槽倒虹吸水头损失,从而得到玻璃钢管材粗糙度范围。对比较大流量下水头损失的模拟值与实测值,表明通过设置粗糙度模拟长距离倒虹吸水头损失的方法可行,但网格划分对结果的影响大小还需进一步研究。     

城市雨水径流年污染总量核算

通过对蚌埠市新老城区地表雨水径流污染7个采样点、2场次降雨,共40个采样样本的采样与监测,获得了污染物浓度随降雨历时的变化过程;分析了地表污染程度、城市用地类型、雨水系统分流制式等因素对雨水径流污染程度的影响关系,对雨水径流污染特性进行了统计分析;在此基础上,提出了城市地表雨水径流年污染总量计算模式,初步核算了蚌埠市地表雨水径流年污染总量,评估了地表雨水径流污染对水环境的影响。     

基于ABAQUS的群锚加固岩质边坡 效果评价方法研究

针对在岩质边坡内存在多组锚索群且缺乏预应力锚索周围注浆体参数的情况,提出了一种岩 质边坡加固效果的评价方法,即:在用摩尔一库伦本构模型模拟岩质边坡的基础上,利用ABAQUS 有限元软件中的TRUSS单元模拟预应力锚索,并结合强度折减法,通过数值计算对岩质边坡的群锚 加固效果进行评价。研究结果表明,与未进行群锚加固相比,群锚加固可显著提高岩质边坡稳定安全 系数,并且减缓边坡塑性区的发展和破坏过程。为此,该评价方法可用于实际工程中对各类群锚加固 方案进行比较优选。     

遗传算法与投影寻踪模型在湿地水质综合评价中的应用

参考地表水环境质量标准和湖库营养状态评价标准,采用基于遗传算法的投影寻踪模型,计算反映湿地水体质量状况和湿地营养状态的一维投影值,直观地反映湿地水环境质量。将此方法在河北衡水湖湿地进行了实例应用,结果表明,衡水湖湿地2010年水质属于Ⅱ类,处于中度富营养状态。     

论水利水电工程前期勘察设计取费依据

水利水电工程前期勘察设计取费存在执行依据版本多、对取费依据认识模糊、工作深度要求与费用不匹配等问题,并介绍了目前涉及水利水电工程前期勘察设计取费的依据主要内容,结合水利水电工程前期工作内容与特点揭示了问题的主要焦点,阐明水利水电工程前期勘察设计应根据水利水电工程特点取费,不能统一按“1283号文”.在分析了现行前期勘察设计取费主要依据、产生背景,尤其是对“1352号文”进行深入解读后,认为水利水电工程前勘察设计取费应采用“1352号文”作为依据.     

纳子峡面板砂砾石坝渗流性态三维有限元分析

根据纳子峡水电站工程坝址区地形地质条件,建立了坝址区三维渗流有限元模型,计算分析了正常蓄水、设计洪水和校核洪水3种工况下坝体及坝基的稳定渗流场,获得了坝体和坝基的位势分布、坝体各分区的渗透坡降及渗透流量等。计算结果表明,在各种工况下坝体及坝基的渗流场符合一般规律,混凝土面板及防渗帷幕等组成的防渗系统可消减水头84%以上,其作用明显;混凝土面板及坝基防渗帷幕的渗透坡降较大,垫层、砂砾料区等的渗透坡降很小,坝体各分区的渗透坡降均小于材料的容许渗透坡降,大坝防渗排水系统的设计在技术上是合理的。