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211.
This paper covers the evaluation of metal-oxide surge arrester (MOSA) condition using the method based on the analysis of leakage current at the operating voltage of the network. A comparison is made between the following variants of this method: (1) the method based on harmonic analysis of the total leakage current; (2) the method based on the third order harmonic of the resistive leakage current; (3) the method of power loss; (4) the capacitive current compensation method; and (5) the method based on direct measurement of the amplitude of the resistive leakage current. For these methods the appropriate indicators are introduced for evaluating the MOSA condition. The application of these methods is analyzed depending on fluctuation and the presence of higher harmonics of the MOSA operating voltage. Calculations were conducted using the program MATLAB on a simplified equivalent circuit of a MOSA with a non-linear element modeled using the degree function. Based on the calculation results, a gradation was made for the applicability of individual indicators for evaluating the MOSA condition which indicates a special advantage for using the fundamental harmonic of the resistive component of leakage current and the fundamental harmonic of power loss. 相似文献
212.
Abstract—This article presents a fault-classification method for transmission lines based on voltage phasors using classification and regression trees. The proposed method is intended to aid system operators in understanding the outputs of a phasor measurement unit only state estimator. Faults are classified into four categories when the estimator is positive sequence and into ten categories when the estimator is three phase. The fault data are generated in PowerWorld® (PowerWorld Corporation, Champaign, IL, USA) and DSA Tools® (Powertech Labs Inc., Surrey, British Columbia, Canada). The pre-fault state consists of a variety of operating conditions and loading angles of faulted lines. The fault condition comprises different fault types, fault locations, fault impedances, and fault incidence angles. Fault classification is done using MATLAB® (The MathWorks, Natick, Massachusetts, USA).The approach is successfully tested on the IEEE-118 bus system. The results demonstrate that the technique developed here is effective and robust, irrespective of the pre-fault and fault conditions. 相似文献
213.
filtering for switched discrete‐time systems under asynchronous switching: A dwell‐time dependent Lyapunov functional method
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Weiming Xiang Jian Xiao Magdi S. Mahmoud 《International Journal of Adaptive Control and Signal Processing》2015,29(8):971-990
In this article, the filtering problem for switched discrete‐time linear systems under asynchronous switching is addressed in the framework of dwell time, where ‘asynchronous switching’ covers more general and practical cases, for example, the switching lags caused by mode identification process are taken into consideration. Firstly, a novel dwell‐time dependent Lyapunov function (DTDLF) is introduced to solve stability and ?2 gain analysis problems. The main advantage of DTDLF approach is that the derived conditions are all convex in system matrices, so it is convenient to be applied into filter design with performance instead of weighted performance as many other previous results. Thus, on the basis of DTLDF, a dwell‐time dependent filter with time‐varying structure is proposed to achieve the desirable non‐weighted filtering performance. It is notable that the proposed approach can also easily characterize the relationships among filtering performance, dwell time, and asynchronous time. Two examples are provided to validate the theoretical findings in this paper. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
214.
《材料与设计》2015
The electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and its relationship with the microstructure in Mg–5Sn alloy aged at 513 K for different aging times were investigated systematically in this paper. The results show that the electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity obviously increase with the increasing aging time, and its values increase from 10.25 × 106 S·m− 1 to 13.7 × 106 S·m− 1, 87.5 W·m− 1·K− 1 to 122 W·m− 1·K− 1 after aging treatment for 120 h, respectively. Meanwhile, it is found that there exist quite different relationships between unit cell volume and thermal conductivity in early and later aging stages. 相似文献
215.
A model for multiaxial high-cycle fatigue life evaluation of notched structural components is proposed, which considers the impact of the stress field on fatigue life by utilizing the Theory of Critical Distances (TCD) and Finite Element Method (FEM). The maximum shear stress range plane is defined as the critical plane, and the damage parameters are the maximum effective shear stress amplitude and the maximum effective normal stress, which are obtained by averaging the stress in the hemisphere volume around the maximum stress point. To validate the accuracy of the model, multiaxial fatigue tests are carried out for both smooth and notched specimens of Aluminum–Silicon alloy. The results indicate that the evaluated life and experimental life have a good agreement. 相似文献
216.
217.
通过对汶川地震公路隧道震害调查资料的统计分析,对隧道洞口结构进行了震害分析,结果表明:洞外结构受次生灾害影响较大,地震惯性力影响明显;硬岩洞口段隧道结构基本无破坏,软岩洞口段隧道结构震害较严重。通过三维有限差分数值模拟计算和现场典型震害分析,研究了公路隧道洞口结构的震害机理。探明了洞外结构震害机理,即洞外结构受次生灾害影响较大,震害的主要原因是地震惯性力,洞门墙结构和基础设计不合理以及隧道洞口所处位置也是影响洞外结构震害的重要因素。探明了洞口段隧道结构震害机理,即正穿坡面洞口段隧道结构存在软硬围岩交界面时,其附近软岩内隧道结构受较大强制位移作用;正穿坡面洞口段隧道结构覆盖层为软岩时,震害的主要因素是地震惯性力。研究成果对公路隧道洞口结构的抗减震技术有着重要的意义。 相似文献
218.
土压平衡式盾构机在穿越流塑性差、渗透系数大的砂土地层时容易对隧道周围土体产生扰动,导致地表沉降不易控制和作用在衬砌结构上的土压力发生改变。针对地铁盾构隧道穿越砂土地层引起的地层扰动,采用一种能完全反映盾构隧道动态施工全过程的分析方法尤为重要。以城市地铁盾构区间隧道施工采用的土压平衡式盾构机为原型,研制 800 mm土压平衡式模型盾构机,该机主要包括推进机构、掘削机构和出土机构,能实现盾构始发、刀盘切削、螺旋出土、管片拼装等主要功能,以此开展砂土地层中盾构施工的室内掘进试验。试验过程中对盾构掘进引起的地层沉降及衬砌结构上的土压力进行量测,分析地层沉降形态和衬砌结构上土压力的分布形态,同时将试验结果同理论计算、数值分析及现场资料进行对比。研究结果表明,土体性状和盾尾注浆对地层沉降具有重要影响,地层损失是地层发生沉降的主要原因。未注浆情况下盾尾脱环引起的地表沉降值占总沉降值的60%以上,且由于未注浆而增大的地表沉降所占比例为20%~30%,沉降时程曲线具有阶段性和时效性。地表沉降槽宽度系数i与现场测试数据具有一致性。衬砌结构上的土压力分布类似于上下端为长半轴、左右端为短半轴的椭圆形,数值上试验实测值较理论计算值要小。 相似文献
219.
《Ceramics International》2016,42(9):10793-10800
Plasma nitriding and plasma-assisted PVD duplex treatment was adopted to improve the load-bearing capacity, fatigue resistance and adhesion of the AlTiN coating. Ion etch-cleaning was applied for better adhesion before plasma nitriding. After plasma nitriding Ti interlayer was in-situ deposited by high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HIPIMS), followed by the AlTiN coating through in-situ deposition by advanced plasma-assisted arc (APA-Arc). The microstructure and properties of the duplex-treated coating were carefully characterized and analyzed. The results show that the thicknesses of the nitriding zone, the γ′-Fe4N compound layer, the Ti interlayer and the AlTiN top layer with nanocrystalline microstructures are about 60 μm, 2–3 μm, 100 nm and 6.1 μm, respectively. The nitriding rate is about 30 μm/h and the AlTiN coating deposition rate reaches 6.1 μm/h. The interfacial adhesion of the Ti/AlTiN coating is well enhanced by ion etch-cleaning and a Ti interlayer, and the load-bearing capacity is also improved by duplex treatment. In addition, the instinct hardness of the Ti/AlTiN coating reaches 3368HV0.05 while the wear rate coefficient of 5.394×10−8 mm−3/Nm is sufficiently low. The Ti/AlTiN coating, which possesses a high corrosion potential (Ecorr=−104.6 mV) and a low corrosion current density (icorr=4.769 μA/cm2), shows highly protective efficiency to the substrate. 相似文献
220.
Thermal Poling of Soda‐Lime Silica Glass with Nonblocking Electrodes—Part 1: Effects of Sodium Ion Migration and Water Ingress on Glass Surface Structure
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Jiawei Luo Hongtu He Nikolas J. Podraza Linmao Qian Carlo G. Pantano Seong H. Kim 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2016,99(4):1221-1230
It is generally well known that not only the sodium itself, but also the non‐bridging oxygen (NBO) sites associated with sodium ions are largely responsible for the surface reactivity of soda‐lime‐silica (SLS) glass. Thermal poling can modify the distribution of sodium in the subsurface region. In this work, a commercial SLS float glass was thermally poled using nonblocking electrodes in air. The Na+?depleted anode surface and the Na+?gradient cathode surface were characterized using a variety of methods to find the compositional, structural and morphological effects of thermal poling. Of particular significance is the use of nondestructive vibrational spectroscopy methods, which can lead to new and improved understanding of water interactions with sodium and its sites in the glass. It was found that during thermal poling, the Na+?depleted glass network on the anode side undergoes condensation reactions of NBO sites accompanied by the increase in concentrations of silanol (SiOH) groups and molecular water species. In contrast, silanol and water species do not increase and the silicate network change is negligible in the Na+?gradient cathode side. Vibrational sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy analysis revealed the difference in distributions of hydrous species in the Na+?depleted and Na+?gradient surfaces. The structural information of the thermally‐poled surfaces provides critical insights needed to understand the mechanical and mechanochemical properties of the Na+?concentration modified SLS glass surfaces reported in the Part 2 companion paper. 相似文献